自2025年1月唐纳德·特朗普就任美国总统以来，美国移民当局大幅加强了拘留和驱逐行动。
United States immigration authorities have dramatically stepped up detentions and deportations since January 2025, when Donald Trump became president.
特朗普在竞选期间承诺实施“美国历史上最大规模的驱逐行动”。负责此次打击行动的国土安全部官员，目前每天在全国范围内进行数千次逮捕。
Trump campaigned on a pledge to implement the “largest deportation operation in American history”. Officers with the Department of Homeland Security, the agency tasked with the crackdown, now make thousands of arrests a day across the country.
其中包括寻求在美国庇护的人，他们本应有机会说明自己可能在本国面临的危险。美国法律和国际条约，例如《联合国禁止酷刑公约》，禁止当局将某人驱逐到其可能遭受迫害或酷刑的任何国家。
That includes people who are seeking asylum in the US, who are supposed to be given a chance to explain dangers they might face in their home country. And US law and international treaties, like the United Nations Convention Against Torture, prohibit authorities from deporting someone to any country in which they will be persecuted or tortured.
许多在美国移民打击行动中被拘留的人表示，如果返回本国，他们可能面临受伤或被杀害的风险，因此特朗普政府一直在寻找替代性的驱逐地点，包括某人可能没有文化或法律联系的地方。
Many of those being detained in the US immigration crackdown say they are at risk of being hurt or killed if they return to their native countries, so the Trump administration has looked for alternative places to deport them, including places someone might have no cultural or legal ties to.
这种被称为第三国驱逐的做法，受到了美国以及国际特赦组织和人权观察等全球人权组织，还有联合国的批评。
Third-country deportations, as the practice is known, have been criticised by the US as well as global rights groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, as well as the UN.
批评者表示，一些接收被驱逐者的国家本身就有人权侵犯记录，或者非常危险，以至于美国政府建议本国公民不要前往那里。他们还表示，几乎没有保障能确保这些第三国会给被驱逐者提供公平的庇护案件听证，最终可能将他们送回本国，在那里面临迫害。
Critics of the practice say some of the countries taking in the deportees have a record of human rights abuses themselves, or are so dangerous that the US government tells its own citizens not to travel there. They also say there is little to ensure these third countries will give deportees a fair hearing on their cases for asylum, and in the end might send them back to their native countries to face persecution there.
将移民遣送至第三国的做法并非新鲜事，但人权组织指出，在特朗普政府执政前这种情况极为罕见，美国也从未像现在这样大规模实施此类措施。人权组织认为，若非自愿，这些被遣送者本不会离开美国。尽管部分美国法院判定这种做法违法，但美国最高法院仍允许其继续实施，甚至在今年9月也维持了这一决定。
Third-country deportations are not new, but rights groups say they were extremely rare before the Trump administration, and have never been used by the US at the scale they are now. Those being sent to other countries, rights groups say, would not have been deported without their consent. Some US courts have said the practice is illegal, but the US Supreme Court has allowed it to continue, including in a ruling in September.
联合国专家指出，这种做法正在全球范围内引发“一系列人权侵犯事件”，有可能破坏关于难民及寻求庇护者待遇的各项国际准则。
Experts at the UN have said the practice was leading to a “cascade of human rights violations” across the globe, threatening to undo norms around how refugees and asylum seekers are treated.
人权组织试图统计强制遣送至第三国的移民人数。据非营利组织“国际难民协会”与“人权第一”统计，根据媒体报道及律师提供的信息，迄今为止已有超过2.5万名移民遭到强制遣送。
Rights groups have tried to tally forcible third-country deportations, and according to the nonprofits Refugees International and Human Rights First, more than 25,000 people have been subject to forcible third-country deportations so far, based on media reports and information from attorneys.
美国国土安全部提供的数据显示，自2025年1月特朗普就任至2026年8月（目前可获得数据的最近月份），共有超过1.6万名移民被遣送至第三国。这些数据由位于加州大学伯克利分校与洛杉矶分校的“遣送数据项目”收集，后经半岛电视台分析，实际数字很可能高于此数值。
The Department of Homeland Security’s own data includes more than 16,000 cases of third-country deportations since Trump came into office in January 2025 and August 2026, the latest month for which data is available. The data, provided to the Deportation Data Project based at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of California, Los Angeles and analysed by Al Jazeera, is likely an undercount.
由于将移民遣送至他国需获得当地当局的许可，特朗普政府一直在努力与越来越多的国家达成协议或达成非正式共识，以便实施遣送。
Deportations to these countries need the approval of authorities there, so the Trump administration has sought to make agreements, or reach informal understandings on how to send deportees to a growing list of countries.
部分国家同意接收这些被遣送者并关押在监狱中，比如萨尔瓦多和斯威士兰。
Some countries have agreed to keep deportees in prisons, like El Salvador and Eswatini.
另一些国家则同意暂时收容这些移民；其中一些国家与美国签订了“庇护合作协定”或“安全第三国协定”，允许被遣送者在这些同意接收他们的国家申请庇护。
Others have agreed to hold deportees temporarily, with someg Asylum Cooperative Agreements with the US, or “Safe Third Country Agreements”, which allow deportees to pursue asylum claims in a third country that has agreed to host them.
根据难民国际组织和人权第一组织的说法，许多被驱逐者根本不知道自己被送往哪里，最终发现自己身处不懂语言、对当地文化了解甚少的国家。有些人甚至没有护照或身份证等任何证件，使得在那里生活变得困难。
According to rights groups Refugees International and Human Rights First, many of those deported have no idea where they are being sent, and end up finding themselves in countries where they do not speak the language and have little cultural understanding. Some don’t even have any documents like passports or identification cards, making it difficult to live there.
随着美国以提供财政援助、商业优惠或签证便利为交换，要求各国接收特朗普政府想要驱逐的第三国国民，被驱逐者被送往的国家名单不断扩大。
The list of countries people are being deported to has grown as the US offers financial aid, or business or visa concessions, in exchange for countries taking in third-country nationals the Trump administration wants to remove.
例如，利比里亚已同意接收多达1200名被驱逐者。特朗普政府曾一度表示，将把某些利比里亚人签证的有效期从12个月延长至36个月，并承诺为该国的卫生服务提供1.24亿美元资金。
Liberia has agreed to take up to 1,200 deportees, for instance. The Trump administration at one point said it would extend the validity of certain visas for Liberians from 12 to 36 months, and has committed $124m for the country’s health services.
喀麦隆于2025年12月同意接收来自美国的第三国国民。特朗普政府承诺向该国联合国难民工作提供3000万美元资金，并在未来几年为该国卫生服务提供4亿美元资金。
In Cameroon, which agreed to take third-country nationals from the US in December 2025, the Trump administration has pledged to give $30m for the UN’s refugee work there, and $400m over the coming years for the country’s health services.