非政府组织“人权观察”周四表示，美国将移民驱逐至他们毫无关联的非洲国家，违反了国际法，并指责华盛顿利用向偏远地区驱逐移民的方式作为遏制移民的手段。
The United States is violating international law by deporting migrants to African countries where they have no ties, NGO Human Rights Watch said on Thursday, accusing Washington of using deportation to remote destinations as a deterrent to immigration.
自2025年1月唐纳德·特朗普总统重返白宫以来，美国的驱逐政策急剧扩大。其政府与非洲、拉丁美洲和太平洋地区的多国政府达成协议，接收那些无法合法遣返回自己国家的外国人。
United States deportation policy has expanded sharply since President Donald Trump returned to the White House in January 2025, with his administration striking agreements with governments in Africa, Latin America and the Pacific to receive foreign nationals who cannot legally be returned to their own countries.
根据“人权观察”引用的美国移民和海关执法局（ICE）数据，此后已有超过500人从美国被驱逐至其本国以外的非洲国家。
More than 500 people have since been deported from the US to African countries other than their own, according to US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) data cited by Human Rights Watch.
“禁闻故事”新闻联盟于9月发布的一项独立调查估计，在第三国驱逐计划下，约有2.5万人被驱逐至世界各地的不同目的地。
A separate investigation published by the Forbidden Stories journalism consortium in September estimated that around 25,000 people had been deported to destinations worldwide under the third-country deportation programme.
“人权观察”称，这项政策“违反了国际人权法，其目的就是将人类苦难工具化，用作遏制移民的威慑手段”。
Human Rights Watch said the policy “violates international human rights law and is designed to instrumentalise human suffering as a deterrent to migration”.
美国通过非洲国家驱逐移民的体系内部情况：该组织表示，他们采访了24名从美国被驱逐至六个非洲国家——喀麦隆、中非共和国、刚果民主共和国、赤道几内亚、斯威士兰和南苏丹的人。
Inside the US system deporting migrants through African countries The organisation said it interviewed 24 people who had been deported from the US to six African countries – Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini and South Sudan.
其中一些人描述称，他们在长达18小时的飞行过程中一直被锁链束缚，并且从未被告知自己将被送往何处。
Some described being kept in chains during flights of up to 18 hours and said they were not told where they were being taken.
该人权组织还援引了一位不愿透露姓名的美国官员的说法，该官员在美国参议院的听证会上表示，选择遥远目的地部分是为了吓阻其他移民。
The rights group also cited an unnamed US official who told a US Senate hearing that the choice of distant destinations was intended in part to frighten other migrants.
“以帕劳或埃斯瓦蒂尼这样的国家为例，其目的就在于政府可以威胁人们，说他们真的会被扔到荒无人烟的地方，”这位官员被引述说道，“其目的就是为了吓唬人。”人权观察组织表示，华盛顿还将至少十几名LGBTQI+人士驱逐到了非洲国家，而在这些国家，同性关系属于犯罪行为或受到严重压制。
“With countries like Palau or Eswatini, the point is that the administration can threaten people that they will literally be dropped in the middle of nowhere,” the official was quoted as saying. “The point is to scare people.”Human Rights Watch said Washington had also deported at least a dozen LGBTQI+ people to African countries where same-sex relations are criminalised or heavily repressed.
该组织警告称，将人们转移到他们可能面临迫害或严重虐待的国家，可能违反“不驱逐”这一国际法律原则，该原则禁止国家将人遣返至他们可能遭受严重人权侵害的地方。
The group warned that transferring people to countries where they face persecution or serious abuse could breach the international legal principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits states from sending people to places where they face severe human rights violations.
人权观察组织指出，支撑该计划的许多协议仍然保密或仅部分公开，这使得难以确定移民被接受的具体条件，以及参与政府获得了哪些激励措施。
Many of the agreements underpinning the programme remain secret or only partly disclosed, Human Rights Watch said, making it difficult to establish the conditions under which migrants are accepted or what incentives are offered to participating governments.
为执行特朗普的大规模驱逐行动而建立的国际机制。不断扩大的驱逐协议网络也引起了人们对华盛顿向非洲政府施压以配合其移民政策的关注。
The global machinery built to carry out Trump’s mass deportation drive The growing network of deportation agreements has also drawn attention to the pressure Washington is placing on African governments to cooperate with its migration policies.
今年早些时候，法国新闻社（AFP）的一项调查发现，美国在谈判中使用了外交和经济手段，包括威胁提高关税、限制签证签发以及削减发展援助。
An investigation by French news agency AFP earlier this year found that the US had used diplomatic and economic leverage in negotiations, including threats of higher tariffs, restrictions on the issuing of visas and cuts to development aid.
本月，布隆迪成为最新签署该协议的国家，成为第15个同意接收美国驱逐人员的非洲国家，尽管其自身也面临严重的经济和人道主义压力。
Burundi became the latest country to sign up this month, becoming the 15th African nation to agree to receive US deportees despite facing severe economic and humanitarian pressures of its own.