穆拉利·克里希南 2026年10月29日 印度和欧洲正在加深国防关系，但双方对俄罗斯的看法不一，对中国的优先事项也有所不同，这阻碍了它们在海上安全方面的共同雄心。
Murali Krishnan October 29, 2026 India and Europe are deepening defense ties, but their clashing perspectives on Russia and differing priorities on China are hampering their joint ambitions on maritime security.
法国，与其他欧盟成员国不同，已在印度洋建立了稳固的存在 欧盟正在争取在印太安全方面发挥更大作用，而美国在东半球的影响力正在减弱 与此同时，印度正在寻找新盟友。其不断增长的经济和日益全球化的野心，将其推向了新的论坛和伙伴关系，包括与欧洲集团日益紧密的国防关系 今年1月，印度和欧盟签署了安全与国防伙伴关系，随后于3月举行了首次正式的安全与国防对话。全年还举行了更多会议，包括上个月在布鲁塞尔举行的第五次海上安全对话。
Prefer DW on Google France, unlike other EU members, already has an established presence in the Indian Ocean The European Union is vying for a larger role in Indo-Pacific security with the US on the back foot in the Eastern Hemisphere Meanwhile, India is looking for new allies. Its rising economy and increasingly global ambitions have pushed it into new forums and partnerships, including ever closer defense ties with the European bloc In January this year, India and the EU signed a Security and Defense Partnership, followed by their first formal Security and Defense Dialogue in March. More meetings followed throughout the year, including the fifth Maritime Security Dialogue in Brussels last month.
然而，尽管双方都希望加强海上安全合作，但在印太地区开展合作仍然面临挑战——印度和欧洲国家的国防优先事项根本不同。
However, while both sides want to boost cooperation on maritime security, working together in the Indo-Pacific remains a challenge — India and European countries simply have different defense priorities.
法国是印度洋战区的参与者 “欧洲可以成为印度可信的国防伙伴，尤其是在海上战区，特别是印太地区，”印度前驻法国大使莫汉·库马尔对德国之声说。
France a player in the Indian Ocean theater "Europe can be a credible defense partner of India, especially in the maritime theater in general and Indo-Pacific in particular," Mohan Kumar, a former Indian ambassador to France, told DW.
但欧洲扩大其角色的能力受到其他安全危机的限制 “欧洲的分心事项，例如对其至关重要的乌克兰冲突，确实会削弱这一目标，并可能成为限制因素，”他补充道。
But Europe's capacity to expand its role is constrained by other security crises "European distractions such as the conflict in Ukraine, which is of existential importance for it, do detract from this objective and can be a limiting factor," he added.
欧洲国防部门如何努力装备自己 要观看此视频，而法国是一个显著的例外，鉴于其在印度洋已建立的军事存在。
How Europe's defense sector is trying to gear up To view this video , and France is a notable exception, given its established military presence in the Indian Ocean.
“法国，凭借其在留尼旺岛和马约特岛的存在，已经在印度洋战区与印度合作，这种合作可以进一步加强，”库马尔补充道。
"France, with its presence in Reunion Island and Mayotte, is already cooperating with India in the Indian Ocean theater and this cooperation can be intensified," added Kumar.
贾维德·阿什拉夫是另一名印度外交官，他说，法国一直是“在国防合作全方位中一个强大、可信且持续的安全伙伴”。“让伙伴关系更容易的是，双方接受可能并非总能达成一致或具备合作条件，”阿什拉夫说。
Javed Ashraf, another Indian diplomat, said that France has been "a strong, trusted and consistent security partner across the full spectrum of defense cooperation." "What makes the partnership easier is the acceptance that the two may not always agree or be in a position to cooperate," said Ashraf.
他还告诉德国之声（DW），法国之所以在印度眼中格外突出，是因为“[法国]目前与巴基斯坦或中国没有任何国防合作”。欧盟在安全问题上不团结？
also stands out for India because [France] has currently no defense cooperation with Pakistan or with China," he told DW. EU disunited on security?
尽管法国仍是欧盟唯一的核大国，并拥有其最强大的军队，但巴黎与新德里之间的合作并不自动转化为欧盟在印太地区的连贯安全角色。
While France remains the EU's only nuclear power and maintains its strongest military force, a cooperation between Paris and New Delhi does not automatically translate into a coherent European security role across the Indo-Pacific.
“尽管2025年宣布了一项战略，但欧洲作为一个整体在印太安全方面的作用非常有限，”塔拉·卡塔说，她是印度国家安全委员会秘书处的前成员。她指出，欧盟成员国之间的政治分歧是形成连贯安全观的障碍。
"Europe as an entity has very little role in the Indo-Pacific security despite the announcement of a strategy in 2025," said Tara Kartha, a former member of India's National Security Council Secretariat. She pointed to political differences among EU members as an obstacle to a coherent security outlook.
这些分歧在10月15日至16日欧盟在布鲁塞尔举行的峰会上表现得淋漓尽致，领导人重申了对乌克兰的支持，但也在资金和国家优先事项上表明了分歧。欧盟能为印度提供什么？
Those differences were on display during the EU's October 15–16 summit in Brussels, when leaders reaffirmed support for Ukraine, but also signaled disagreements over funding and national priorities What can EU offer to India? This could also explain why, as India's defense ties with Europe keep expanding, much of that cooperation still takes place between New Delhi and individual European nations.
这也可能解释为什么，随着印度与欧洲的国防关系不断扩大，大部分合作仍在新德里与个别欧洲国家之间进行。德国、西班牙、意大利和波兰都已成为重要伙伴。
Germany, Spain, Italy and Poland have all emerged as important partners.
为何印度想要德国潜艇 阿什拉夫说，布鲁塞尔可以表明对其成员国与印度伙伴关系的更广泛支持，并提供进入欧盟资助项目的渠道，从而推动海上安全、太空、关键矿产、芯片和国防技术等领域的合作。
Why India wants German submarines Ashraf said Brussels could signal broader support for its member states' partnerships with India and provide access to EU-funded programs, boosting cooperation in areas such as maritime security, space, critical minerals, chips and defense technologies.
“印度也正成为重整军备的欧洲的重要国防供应来源，”这位外交官说。
"India is also becoming an important source of defense supplies for a re-arming Europe," the diplomat said.
在新兴作战领域分享经验也可能存在机会。“鉴于欧洲人在乌克兰获得的宝贵经验，印度也可能获取无人机技术，”库马尔表示。
There may also be opportunities to share experience in emerging areas of warfare "India could also access drone technology in light of valuable experience gained by Europeans in Ukraine," Kumar said.
作为欧盟最大经济体的德国，是这一关系的另一个重要组成部分。与法国一道，它已成为印度的国防伙伴，其中包括通过重大装备采购。印度可能会推动其与柏林的关系涵盖工业伙伴关系和技术开发。
Germany the EU's largest economy, is another important part of this relationship. Alongside France, it has become a defense partner for India, including through major equipment purchases India could push for its relationship with Berlin to include industrial partnerships and technology development.
但专家警告，更紧密的国防关系不应与共同的战略展望混为一谈，因为欧洲国家有自己的优先事项。
But experts warn that closer defense ties should not be confused with a shared strategic outlook, as European countries have their own priorities.
俄罗斯和中国作为主要障碍 布鲁塞尔与新德里之间的分歧在涉及俄罗斯和中国问题上尤为明显。印度仍严重依赖俄罗斯的装备和技术，即使它正寻求使国防供应多元化。与此同时，自2022年入侵乌克兰以来，欧洲各国政府一直与俄罗斯处于紧张对峙状态 印度如何成为俄罗斯的贸易生命线 这给寻求深化国防工业关系的人带来了问题。
Russia and China as major obstacles The differences between Brussels and New Delhi are particularly clear when it comes to Russia China India still relies heavily on Russian equipment and technology, even as it seeks to diversify its defense supplies. European governments, meanwhile, have been engaged in a tense standoff with Russia since its 2022 invasion of Ukraine How India has become Russia's trade lifeline That creates a problem for those seeking to deepen defense industry ties.
“购买一些大额国防装备，例如从法国购买‘阵风’战斗机或从德国购买潜艇，是一回事，”新德里贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学欧洲研究教授古尔尚·萨奇德瓦表示。
"Buying a few big-ticket defense items, such as Rafale fighter jets from France or submarines from Germany, is one thing," said Gulshan Sachdeva, a professor of European Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi.
“然而，只要俄罗斯仍是欧洲的主要安全关切，将印度的国防工业纳入不断扩大的欧洲国防价值链则更具挑战性，”他说。
"However, integrating India's defense industry into the expanding European defense value chain is more challenging as long as Russia remains Europe's principal security concern," he said.
中国构成了不同但同样重要的挑战。对印度而言，中国是竞争对手，也是重大安全问题的来源，其中包括持续的边界争端。虽然欧盟也将中国视为“系统性竞争对手”，但其成员国在如何平衡安全关切与对华经济关系方面存在差异。这些差异使制定共同的印太威胁评估变得复杂。
China presents a different but equally important challenge. For India, China is a rival and source of major security issues including an ongoing border dispute. While the EU also sees China as a "systemic rival," its members differ in how they balance security concerns with their economic relationships with China. These differences complicate attempts to develop a shared assessment of Indo-Pacific threats.
在地缘政治层面，印度希望建立能够增强自身能力、又不要求其完全配合另一大国战略优先事项的伙伴关系；欧洲各国政府也在权衡其地区雄心与更贴近本土的安全需求。
On a geopolitical level, India wants partnerships that strengthen its capabilities without requiring it to align fully with another power's strategic priorities European governments are also weighing their regional ambitions against security demands closer to home.
由于中东冲突，美国已将其大部分海军力量从印太地区调离。 没有安全保护伞的合作 新的印欧伙伴关系为更紧密的接触创造了框架，但这并不等于共同的安全承诺。
The US has moved much of its naval power out of the Indo-Pacific due to the conflicts in the Middle East Cooperation without a security umbrella The new India-EU partnership creates a framework for closer engagement, but it does not amount to a joint security commitment.
阿什拉夫表示，双方可以加强彼此能力，但不太可能对全球安全秩序产生可见影响。
Ashraf said the two sides could strengthen their mutual capabilities but were unlikely to exercise a visible influence on the global security order.
目前，海洋领域态势感知、情报共享、防务技术和选择性工业合作，比欧印在印太地区承担共同安全角色更具现实前景。
For now, maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, defense technology and selective industrial cooperation offer more realistic prospects than a common security role of the EU and India across the Indo-Pacific.