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“斯普鲁恩斯”号驱逐舰创纪录部署引发对美海军维修能力的质疑Record deployment for destroyer USS Spruance casts doubt over US Navy maintenance

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阿利·伯克级战舰“斯普鲁恩斯”号创下了美国海军驱逐舰二战后部署时长纪录。(美国海军三等士官肖恩·林奇/美国海军)The Arleigh-Burke class battleship USS Spruance has set a post-World War II record for a U.S. Navy destroyer deployment. (MC3 Sean Lynch/U.S. Navy)

阿利·伯克级驱逐舰“斯普鲁恩斯”号创下了美国海军驱逐舰二战后部署时长纪录,并引发外界对其最终返港后可能进行的维修工作的质疑。

The Arleigh-Burke class destroyer USS Spruance has set a post-World War II record for a U.S. Navy destroyer deployment and is raising questions about the maintenance work that could follow its eventual return.

该舰于2025年11月21日作为“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号航母打击群的一部分离开圣迭戈海军基地。即便航母打击群继续前行、“林肯”号返回母港之后,该舰仍留在海上。

The ship left Naval Base San Diego on Nov. 21, 2025, as part of the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group. It remained at sea even after the carrier group moved on and the Lincoln returned to its home port.

截至10月29日,该舰已部署342天,远远超过海军通常所称的美国本土舰艇七个月部署基准。与此同时,美国海军正面临持续存在的水面舰艇维修积压、私营船厂延误,以及海军高层领导人发出的警告——延长行动可能给舰队带来持续数年的额外压力。对于在家等待的家属来说,这种不确定性本身已成为一种负担。

As of Oct. 29, the ship has been deployed for 342 days, a time period that far exceeds the Navy’s commonly cited seven-month deployment benchmark for ships based in the United States. It also comes as the service contends with a persistent surface-ship maintenance backlog, delays at private shipyards and warnings from senior Navy leaders that extended operations could create years of additional pressure on the fleet. For families waiting at home, the uncertainty has become its own burden.

丈夫在“斯普鲁恩斯”号上服役的玛丽·贝利对《军事时报》表示,家属们一再被告知该舰即将返航,结果却一次次看到这一期望被推迟。

Marie Bailey, whose husband serves aboard Spruance, told Military Times that families have repeatedly been told the ship would return soon, only to see that expectation pushed back.

“我们听说他们应该在下个月的某个时候回家,但我们已经听了好几个月的‘下个月’了,”贝利说。

“We are hearing they’re supposed to come home sometime next month, but we’ve been hearing about ‘next month’ for several months,” Bailey said.

延长部署对海军来说并不新鲜,但这对于掰着手指计算归期、而归期却始终似乎遥不可及的家属们来说,并没有多少安慰。对她们而言,又一次延期不仅仅是行动日程的变动,而是又一段不确定的时期。

Extended deployments are not new to the Navy, but that offers little comfort to families counting down the days until a homecoming that continues to appear just out of reach. For them, another extension is not simply a change to an operational schedule, but yet another period of uncertainty.

“我们已经不知道还能期待什么了,但一次次燃起希望真的很难受,”贝利补充道。“大多数家属只是担心自己的水兵,知道他们已经离开多久了。”

“We don’t know what to expect anymore, but it’s hard getting your hopes up time and time again,” Bailey added. “Most of the families are just worried about their sailors, knowing how long they’ve been gone.”

一些“斯普鲁恩斯”号水兵也表示,与“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号所受到的全国性广泛关注相比,他们觉得自己的经历被忽视了。

Some Spruance sailors also say they feel their experience has been overlooked compared with the sweeping national attention given to the USS Abraham Lincoln.

2026年5月8日,尼米兹级航空母舰“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号航行在阿拉伯海。(美国海军)其中两名水兵因担心遭到报复而获准匿名,他们指出,驱逐舰上的生活有其自身的挑战,即便这艘舰艇受到的公众关注较少。

Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln sails in the Arabian Sea on May 8, 2026. (U.S. Navy) Two of those sailors, who were granted anonymity due to fear of reprisal, noted that life aboard a destroyer brings its own challenges, even when the ship receives less public attention.

“空间狭小、拥挤不堪,驱逐舰上的挑战丝毫不亚于,甚至超过大型舰艇,”一名水兵说。

“It’s tight, cramped and just as challenging on the destroyers, if not more than bigger ships,” one sailor said.

2026年5月8日,尼米兹级航空母舰“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号在阿拉伯海航行。(美国海军)Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln sails in the Arabian Sea on May 8, 2026. (U.S. Navy)

另一名水兵则提到在家等待的家属,认为一艘舰艇的大小不应决定其船员受到多少关注。

The other sailor pointed to the families waiting at home, arguing that the size of a ship should not determine how much attention its crew receives.

“我们的舰艇没有航空母舰那么大,但我们300多个家庭对我们的重要性,和其他任何人的家庭一样,”这名水兵说。

“Our boat isn’t as big as an aircraft carrier, but our 300+ families matter to us just as much as anyone else’s,” the sailor said.

这种不满反映了航母打击群的一个基本现实:驱逐舰或许在其护航的航空母舰的阴影下行动,但它们的船员同样承受着与家人长期分离的痛苦。

The frustration reflects a basic reality of carrier strike groups: Destroyers may operate in the shadow of the aircraft carriers they accompany, but their crews endure the same prolonged separation from home.

对于等待归期的家属来说,航母与较小战舰之间的区别并不能带来多少安慰。

For families waiting on a return date, the distinction between a carrier and a smaller warship offers little consolation.

“斯普鲁恩斯”号并非唯一面临异常漫长部署的海军驱逐舰。据《防务一号》报道,“约翰·芬恩”号、“马斯廷”号和“拉斐尔·佩拉尔塔”号的预计返回日期也已从2026年推迟到2027年,其中一些舰艇的部署计划将超过14个月。

Spruance is not the only Navy destroyer facing an unusually long deployment. The USS John Finn, USS Mustin and USS Rafael Peralta have also had expected return dates pushed from 2026 into 2027, with some planned to stretch over 14 months, according to Defense One .

这些延期凸显了水面舰队面临的需求,不过海军尚未公开提供部署被延长的驱逐舰的全面数量。一支持续承压的舰队海军的“优化舰队反应计划”为母港设在美国的舰艇安排了36个月的周期。美国政府问责局称,该周期将8个月分配给基地级维修,10个月用于训练,18个月用于部署和维持行动。

The extensions illustrate the demands facing the surface fleet, although the Navy has not publicly provided a comprehensive count of destroyers that have had deployments extended. A fleet under sustained pressure The Navy’s Optimized Fleet Response Plan organizes a 36-month cycle for ships homeported in the United States. The Government Accountability Office describes the cycle as allocating eight months to depot-level maintenance, 10 months to training and 18 months to deployment and sustainment operations.

部署延长可能打乱这一顺序,使原定维修推迟,并压缩舰艇再次被需要之前可用于修理、训练和准备的时间。

Extended deployments can disrupt that sequence, pushing scheduled maintenance later and compressing the time available for repairs, training and preparation before a ship is needed again.

美国政府问责局(GAO)记录了海军水面舰队长期存在的维护挑战。根据2025年2月的一份GAO报告,在2015至2022财年间,私营造船维修公司修理驱逐舰所用的时间比计划累计多出近10,000天。GAO报告称,到2022年8月,海军水面舰艇维护积压已达23亿美元的递延工作量。

GAO has documented longstanding maintenance challenges across the Navy’s surface fleet. Private ship repair companies took nearly 10,000 days longer than planned, cumulatively, to repair destroyers between fiscal years 2015 and 2022, according to a February 2025 GAO report . The Navy’s surface-ship maintenance backlog reached $2.3 billion in deferred work by August 2022, GAO reported.

GAO在2022年5月的一份报告中发现,海军舰艇厂级维护存在近18亿美元的积压,其中约17亿美元涉及水面舰艇。约12亿美元的积压与海军提议提前退役的舰艇有关。GAO发现,维护积压导致了退役九艘舰艇的决定。

In a May 2022 report , GAO found a nearly $1.8 billion backlog in depot-level maintenance for Navy ships, including approximately $1.7 billion for surface ships. About $1.2 billion of the backlog was associated with ships the Navy had proposed for early decommissioning. GAO found that maintenance backlogs contributed to decisions to retire nine ships.

GAO对2011至2021财年间10个水面舰艇舰级的单独分析发现,维护拆拨件使用、故障报告和厂级维护延误均有增加。大多数被审查舰级的航行小时数下降,单位航行小时成本上升。

A separate GAO analysis of 10 surface-ship classes between fiscal years 2011 and 2021 found increases in maintenance cannibalizations, casualty reports and delays in depot-level maintenance. Steaming hours declined and costs per steaming hour rose for most of the classes examined.

海军作战部长达里尔·考德尔上将于10月26日警告称,长期部署的影响可能在未来数年内持续波及舰队维护计划。考德尔在美国海军纪念馆发表讲话时表示,维护可用期,特别是驱逐舰的维护可用期,可能会随着舰艇从超过300天的部署中返回而滚雪球般累积。

Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Daryl Caudle warned Oct. 26 that the effects of extended deployments could reverberate through the fleet’s maintenance schedule for years. Speaking at the United States Navy Memorial, Caudle said maintenance availabilities, particularly for destroyers, could snowball as ships return from deployments exceeding 300 days.

考德尔说:“你面对的是数百个可用期和数百万美元的问题。当我们开始让这些驱逐舰退回维护周期时,必须投入数亿美元来解决这个问题。”

“You’re talking hundreds of availabilities and millions of dollars. Hundreds of millions of dollars have to be applied to that problem as we start retrograding these destroyers back into their maintenance period,” Caudle said.

他补充道:“但这是一个长达数年的恢复过程。对此没有变通办法。”

“But this is a years-long recovery,” he added. “There is no workaround on that.”

诺福克海军船厂指挥官卡翁·哈基姆扎德少将也警告说,随着驱逐舰从中东返回,将面临产能限制。哈基姆扎德在“海洋战略中心”于9月举办的一场圆桌会议上发言时表示,船厂将不得不应对返回舰艇的数量。

Rear Adm. Kavon Hakimzadeh, commander of Norfolk Naval Shipyard, also warned of capacity constraints as destroyers return from the Middle East. Speaking at a September roundtable hosted by the Center for Maritime Strategy, Hakimzadeh said shipyards would have to manage the volume of returning ships.

哈基姆扎德说:“仅仅因为所有即将返航的驱逐舰的容量问题,就已经存在一些瓶颈。我们在那里高强度地使用驱逐舰,我怀疑它们都将需要进入同一个干船坞,我们将不得不对它们进行排序安排。”

“There’s some choke points just based on capacity out there for all the destroyers that are going to be coming back,” Hakimzadeh said. “We’re running the destroyers really hard out there, and I suspect they’re all going to need to go into the same dry dock, and we’re going to have to sequence them in.”

2026年3月5日,一架MH-60S“海鹰”直升机从“斯普鲁恩斯”号飞行甲板起飞,支援“史诗之怒”行动。(美国海军)An MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter takes off from the flight deck of USS Spruance in support of Operation Epic Fury, Mar. 5, 2026. (U.S. Navy)

这番言论凸显了一个超出确定每艘舰船所需维修范围的制约因素:造船厂还必须具备完成工作的能力和劳动力。

The remarks highlight a constraint beyond identifying the repairs each ship needs: Shipyards must also have the capacity and workforce to complete the work.

2026年3月5日,一架MH-60S“海鹰”直升机从“斯普鲁恩斯”号飞行甲板起飞,支援“史诗之怒”行动。(美国海军)尽管投入了数十亿美元的维修资金,海军的维护挑战依然存在。

An MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter takes off from the flight deck of USS Spruance in support of Operation Epic Fury, Mar. 5, 2026. (U.S. Navy) The Navy’s maintenance challenges have persisted despite billions of dollars in repair funding.

2025年12月国会预算办公室的一项分析发现,海军驱逐舰和两栖舰艇的维护时间比海军计划的时间长20%至100%。驱逐舰的累积负担相当可观:一艘舰船计划服役寿命中大约有九年预计将花在维护上,即每四年中约有一年。

A December 2025 Congressional Budget Office analysis found that maintenance for Navy destroyers and amphibious ships takes 20% to 100% longer than the service plans for. The cumulative burden for destroyers is substantial: Roughly nine years of a ship’s planned service life is expected to be spent in maintenance, or about one year out of every four.

政府问责局发现,从2020财年到2023财年,海军获得了近259亿美元的战斗水面舰艇维护资金,比其申请的金额多出约10亿美元。海军报告称,截至2023财年末,已承付其中99.7%的资金。

GAO found that the Navy received nearly $25.9 billion for combat surface-ship maintenance from fiscal years 2020 through 2023, roughly $1 billion more than it had requested. The service reported obligating 99.7% of those funds by the end of fiscal 2023.

政府问责局还指出,备件和合格维护人员短缺以及工作积压,是影响维护计划的因素之一。“斯普鲁恩斯”号的日程表说明了什么海军预算文件显示,“斯普鲁恩斯”号下一个维护期的计划时间已经发生变化。

GAO has also identified shortages of spare parts and qualified maintenance personnel, along with deferred work, among the constraints affecting maintenance schedules. What Spruance’s schedule shows Navy budget documents show that the planned timing of Spruance’s next maintenance period has shifted.

海军2025财年运营与维护预算列出该驱逐舰的计划限制可用期从2026年7月3日到2027年2月21日。限制可用期是指舰船退出正常运营以进行维护和修理的一段时间。

The Navy’s fiscal 2025 operations and maintenance budget listed a scheduled restricted availability for the destroyer from July 3, 2026, through Feb. 21, 2027. A restricted availability is a period when a ship is taken out of normal operations for maintenance and repairs.

在2027财年预算中,计划期间已调整为2027年1月19日至4月28日。根据这些日期,预定开始时间推迟了200天,而计划完成时间则推迟了66天。

In the fiscal 2027 budget , the planned period had shifted to Jan. 19 through April 28, 2027. Based on those dates, the scheduled start moved 200 days later, while the planned completion was bumped to 66 days later.

水兵在海上执行维护任务的可获得性,是海军努力保持舰艇随时可投入作战的另一项因素。

The availability of sailors to perform maintenance at sea is another factor in the Navy’s efforts to keep ships ready for operations.

在2024年9月的一份报告中,美国政府问责局对232艘海军舰艇上的人员进行了调查,了解他们在航行途中执行维护的能力。调查回复率为91%。

In a September 2024 report , GAO surveyed personnel aboard 232 Navy ships about their ability to carry out maintenance while underway. The survey received a 91% response rate.

63%的受访执行官表示,其船员利用所分配的水兵在航行途中完成维修的难度为中等至极高;64%的人表示,在同时满足课堂培训要求的情况下开展由水兵主导的维护同样困难;75%的人报告称,水兵完成维修的难度为中等至极高。

Sixty-three percent of responding executive officers said it was moderately to extremely difficult for their crews to complete repairs underway with their assigned sailors; 64% said it was similarly difficult to conduct sailor-led maintenance while also meeting classroom training requirements; and 75% reported that it was moderately to extremely difficult for sailors to complete repairs.

美国政府问责局还发现,海军没有追踪分配到舰艇上的水兵中有多少人无法执勤。斯普鲁恩斯号接下来会怎样美国政府问责局建议海军将计划中的基地级维修时长与同类型舰艇的典型可用性进行对比,同时考虑舰龄、状况和维修需求等因素。

GAO also found that the Navy did not track how many sailors assigned to ships were unavailable for duty. What comes next for Spruance GAO has recommended that the Navy compare planned depot-maintenance durations with typical availabilities for ships of the same type, while accounting for factors such as age, condition and maintenance requirements.

美国政府问责局表示,此类对比有助于确定某艘舰艇的维修期是否异常漫长。

Such comparisons, according to GAO, could help establish whether a ship’s maintenance period is unusually long.

斯普鲁恩斯号的部署后评估和实际维修计划将显示海军认定哪些工作是必要的,以及这艘驱逐舰在多长时间内无法投入作战。

Spruance’s post-deployment assessment and actual maintenance schedule will show what work the Navy identifies as necessary and how long the destroyer remains unavailable for operations.

在这些细节确定之前,其创纪录部署对未来战备状态的影响仍不确定。截至发稿时,海军未回应《海军时报》的置评请求。

Until those details are established, the effect of its record deployment on its future readiness remains uncertain. The Navy did not respond to Navy Times’ request for comment by publication.

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