美国联邦上诉法院周四裁定，加利福尼亚州一项禁止强制性职场会议涉及宗教、政治或工会组织事务的法律侵犯了雇主的言论自由权，并维持了下级法院法官阻止该法律生效的裁决。
A US appeals court on Thursday said a California law barring mandatory workplace meetings about religion, politics or union organizing violates employers' free-speech rights and upheld a judge's ruling that blocked it.
旧金山联邦第九巡回上诉法院的三名法官组成的合议庭一致驳回了该州的主张。加州辩称，2025年通过的这项法律规范的是行为——即惩戒拒绝出席会议的员工——而非言论，因为雇主仍可自由举行自愿性会议。该裁决源于加州商会及其他商业团体提起的诉讼。
A unanimous three-judge panel of the San Francisco-based 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the state's claims that the 2025 law regulates conduct — disciplining workers who do not attend meetings — and not speech, since employers are still free to hold voluntary meetings. The decision came in a lawsuit by the California Chamber of Commerce and other business groups.
巡回法官理查德·塔尔曼在法院意见书中写道：“由于只有当雇主在相关会议上传达特定信息时，才被禁止对员工采取不利行动，因此该法律不可避免地基于雇主的表达活动对其进行针对性限制。”
"Because employers are forbidden from taking adverse action only if they communicate certain messages at the underlying meeting, the law inevitably singles out employers based on their expressive activity," Circuit Judge Richard Tallman wrote for the court.
第九巡回法院还恢复了保守派团体加州政策中心对该法律的单独挑战，称认定该团体缺乏起诉资格的法官本应给予其修改初始诉状的机会。
The 9th Circuit also revived a separate challenge to the law by the California Policy Center, a conservative group, saying a judge who found that the group lacked standing should have given it a chance to amend its initial complaint.
上述团体及加州民主党籍检察长罗布·邦塔的办公室均未立即回应置评请求。
The groups and the office of California Attorney General Rob Bonta, a Democrat, did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
美国国家劳资关系委员会（NLRB）于2023年在一起涉及亚马逊公司的案件中，禁止了雇主强制召开反工会会议。几十年来，雇主一直惯于针对工会组织活动召开此类会议。
The National Labor Relations Board banned mandatory anti-union meetings, which employers had routinely held in response to union campaigns for decades, in a case involving Amazon.com in 2023.
唐纳德·特朗普总统任命的国家劳资关系委员会成员普遍预计将在一起涉及联合包裹运送服务公司（UPS）的待决案件中推翻该禁令。亚马逊也已就该决定向亚特兰大联邦第十一巡回上诉法院提起上诉，尽管该法院的裁决不一定会约束委员会在其他案件中的判断。
President Donald Trump's appointees to the NLRB are widely expected to overrule it in a pending case involving UPS. Amazon has also appealed the decision to the Atlanta-based 11th Circuit, though a ruling by the court would not necessarily bind the board in other cases.
自2009年以来，加利福尼亚州是包括纽约、伊利诺伊、华盛顿和明尼苏达在内的十几个美国州份中，最新颁布禁止所谓“围观听众会议”法律的州份。其中一些法律曾受到挑战，但加州被称为SB 399的这项法律是首个被叫停的。
California is the most recent of a dozen US states, including New York, Illinois, Washington and Minnesota, to enact bans on so-called captive audience meetings since 2009. Some of those laws have been challenged, but California's, known as SB 399, was the first to be blocked.
大多数州法律仅适用于讨论组建工会的工作场所会议，而不涉及更广泛的宗教或政治议题。加利福尼亚州的法律还将允许个别工人因违规行为起诉雇主，这与大多数州仅由政府执行禁令的情况形成对比。
Most of the state laws apply only to workplace meetings discussing unionizing, and not religious or political topics more broadly. California's law would also allow individual workers to sue their employers for violations, as opposed to most states where only the government can enforce the bans.
商业团体和加利福尼亚政策中心在该法律于2024年底通过后不久，分别提起了挑战。
The business groups and the California Policy Center filed separate challenges to the law soon after it was passed in late 2024.
在商会的案件中，萨克拉门托联邦地区法官丹尼尔·卡拉布雷塔发布了初步禁令，禁止执行该法律。卡拉布雷塔表示，该禁令被联邦劳工法所取代，且是对雇主言论进行监管的违宪尝试。
In the Chamber's case, US District Judge Daniel Calabretta in Sacramento issued a preliminary injunction barring enforcement of the law. Calabretta said the ban was preempted by federal labor law and was an unconstitutional attempt to regulate employer speech.
第九巡回法院周四基于言论自由理由予以确认，并未涉及该法律是否被取代的问题。由民主党前总统比尔·克林顿任命的塔尔曼法官，得到了由特朗普任命的巡回法官马克·贝内特和同样由克林顿任命的巡回法官理查德·帕埃斯的支持。
The 9th Circuit on Thursday affirmed on free-speech grounds and did not address whether the law is preempted. Tallman, who was appointed by Democratic former President Bill Clinton, was joined by Circuit Judges Mark Bennett, a Trump appointee, and Richard Paez, also a Clinton appointee.
案件编号为：加利福尼亚政策中心诉加西亚-布劳尔案和加利福尼亚商会诉邦塔案，第九巡回上诉法院，案号25-6173和25-6874。加利福尼亚政策中心代理律师：自由正义中心的杰弗里·施瓦布加利福尼亚商会代理律师：费雪菲利普斯律师事务所的朗尼·吉亚梅拉州政府代理律师：副检察长克里斯汀·利斯卡法庭之友商业团体代理律师：摩根刘易斯博克律师事务所的布莱恩·基利安美国法官对加州禁止工作场所“围观听众”会议持怀疑态度商业团体就康涅狄格州禁止强制性反工会会议的法律提起诉讼美国国家劳资关系委员会第二次尝试推翻俄勒冈州“围观听众”会议法美国劳工委员会在针对亚马逊的裁决中禁止强制性反工会会议
The cases are California Policy Center v. Garcia-Brower and California Chamber of Commerce v. Bonta, 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals, Nos. 25-6173 and 25-6874. For the California Policy Center: Jeffrey Schwab of Liberty Justice Center For the California Chamber of Commerce: Lonnie Giamela of Fisher & Phillips For the state: Deputy Attorney General Kristin Liska For the amici business groups: Bryan Killian of Morgan Lewis & Bockius US judges leery of California ban on workplace 'captive audience' meetings Business groups sue over Conn. law banning mandatory anti-union meetings NLRB takes second shot at overturning Oregon’s 'captive audience' meeting law US labor board bans mandatory anti-union meetings in ruling against Amazon