伊斯梅尔·拉布拉多尔把票投给了特朗普——但他说，驱逐行动的规模让他“措手不及”。
Ismael Labrador voted for Trump - but he says he was "blindsided" by scale of deportations Will Grant BBC's Mexico, Central America and Cuba correspondent 30 October 2026, 00:19 GMT Updated 6 hours ago Since the Trump administration launched its crackdown on undocumented immigrants two years ago, the waiting room of Cuban-born immigration lawyer, Ismael Labrador, in Miami is never empty.
威尔·格兰特 BBC驻墨西哥、中美洲和古巴记者 2026年10月30日 00:19 GMT 更新于6小时前自两年前特朗普政府发起对无证移民的打击行动以来，古巴出生的移民律师伊斯梅尔·拉布拉多尔在迈阿密的候诊室就从未空过。他的预约簿上排满了被拘留移民的亲属，他们试图在其被驱逐回原籍国之前争取获释。尽管生意兴隆，拉布拉多尔却希望并非如此。
His appointment book is packed with relatives of detained immigrants trying to secure their release before they're deported back to their countries of origin. Although business is booming, Labrador wishes it wasn't.
“我们现在有亲属生活在恐惧之中，不幸的是，我们也有一些亲属已经被驱逐回古巴，”他解释道。
"We have relatives living in fear right now, we've had relatives who have been deported back to Cuba, unfortunately," he explains.
根据20世纪60年代一项名为《古巴调整法》的立法所确立的条款，古巴人传统上在美国享有受优待的移民身份。但拉布拉多尔说，移民和海关执法局（ICE）探员在佛罗里达州各地的大规模逮捕，使古巴裔美国人社区在美国的处境比他们想象的更加脆弱。
Cubans have traditionally enjoyed favoured immigration status in the United States under provisions enshrined in 1960s-era legislation called the Cuban Adjustment Act. But widespread arrests across Florida by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have left the Cuban American community more vulnerable in the US than they'd ever imagined, says Labrador.
“我的说法是，如果你在美国没有绿卡，你就可能成为目标。”无数手机视频记录下了在以往被认为不可涉足之地发生的此类逮捕：父母在学校操场外、公交车站、青少年体育赛事上，甚至是在法院内按预定时间出席移民听证会时被拘留。
"The way I put it is that if you don't have a Green Card in the United States, you may be a target." Countless mobile phone videos have recorded such arrests in places previously considered off-limits: parents detained outside schoolyards, at bus stops, youth sporting events and even inside courthouses at pre-arranged immigration hearings.
很少有人能比39岁厄瓜多尔移民格蕾丝·卡莱罗和她19岁女儿朱莉安娜·卡里埃尔在医院病房被捕的视频引发更大的反响。
Few have had the impact of the footage of 39-year-old Ecuadorean immigrant, Grace Calero, and her 19-year-old daughter, Giulianna Carriel, being arrested in a hospital ward.
两个月前，这对母女正开车前往佛罗里达州中部的基西米上班，途中被另一辆车撞上，随后被救护车送往医院。就在她们接受伤情治疗时，ICE探员闯入并逮捕了她们。几天之内，她们就被驱逐回厄瓜多尔。
Two months ago, the pair were driving to work in Kissimmee, central Florida when they were hit by another car and taken to hospital in an ambulance. While they were being treated for their injuries, ICE agents burst in and arrested them. They were deported back to Ecuador within days.
拉布拉多的堂亲也被卷入了美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）的大规模拘捕行动。尽管这位移民律师竭尽全力，仍未能阻止自己的亲属被遣返回古巴。“当你在对抗大量资源时，这很难，”他感叹道。
Labrador's cousin has also been caught up in the dragnet of ICE detentions. Despite his best efforts, the immigration lawyer was unable to prevent his own relative from being deported back to Cuba. "It's hard when you're fighting against a lot of resources," he laments.
特朗普政府一再表示，总统当选时承诺实施大规模遣返，并正在兑现这一承诺。“他制止了我国遭受的入侵，由于他的政策，超过300万非法外国人已离开美国，”一位白宫发言人上周对BBC表示。
The Trump administration has repeatedly said the president was elected on a promise to deliver mass deportations and is delivering on that. "He stopped the invasion of our country and as a result of his policies more than 3 million illegal aliens have left the US," a White House spokeswoman told the BBC last week.
与此同时，ICE表示，其执法目标是任何违反美国移民法且非法滞留该国的人。
ICE, meanwhile, has said it is targeting anyone who has broken American immigration law and is in the country illegally.
两年前，拉布拉多是佛罗里达州68%投票给唐纳德·特朗普的古裔美国人之一，如今他对此深感后悔。
Labrador was among the 68% of Cuban Americans in Florida who voted for Donald Trump two years ago, a decision he roundly regrets today.
没人能指责特朗普在移民问题上隐瞒计划。2024年竞选期间，他大肆宣扬其大规模遣返无证移民的政策。
Few could accuse Trump of hiding his plans on immigration. On the campaign trail in 2024, he touted his policy of mass deportations of undocumented migrants.
“第一天，我将启动美国历史上最大规模的遣返计划，”他在集会上反复宣称，包括在佛罗里达州的集会。
"On Day One, I will launch the largest deportation programme in American history", he said repeatedly at rallies, including in Florida.
拉布拉多——以及成千上万像他一样感到幻灭的拉美裔选民——原以为政府只会遣返有犯罪记录的人。“我认为我们被政府蒙蔽了，”他辩称。
Labrador – and many thousands of disillusioned Latino voters like him – thought the administration would only deport people with criminal records. "I think we got blindsided by the administration," he argues.
“就我个人而言，我投票给特朗普是因为我想把罪犯赶出这个国家，”他说，并指控“共产分子在拜登执政期间从古巴涌入。”
"Personally, I voted for Trump because I wanted to get criminals out of the country," he says, alleging that "communists came in from Cuba under Biden."
“我们想要一个安全的美国。我们从未想过他会针对所有人。” “这不是我投票支持的，”他坚持说。
"We wanted to have a safe America. We never thought that he was going to go after everybody." "This isn't what I voted for," he insists.
拉布拉多远非佛罗里达州唯一对特朗普总统感到“买后懊悔”的古裔美国人。
Labrador is far from the only Cuban American in Florida to experience buyer's remorse over President Trump.
代表佛罗里达州第27国会选区的联邦众议员玛丽亚·埃尔维拉·萨拉查最近发布了一段在白宫外拍摄的视频，在视频中她与特朗普的遣返政策划清界限，称其做得“太过分了”。
Congresswoman Maria Elvira Salazar, who represents Florida's 27th Congressional district, recently released a video filmed outside the White House in which she distanced herself from his deportation policy saying it had gone "too far".
“那些帮助您在2024年进入白宫的西班牙裔选民，今天感到被背叛了，”她对特朗普总统说道。
"The same Hispanics who helped you get to the White House in 2024 feel betrayed today," she said, addressing President Trump.
萨拉扎尔正与另一位古巴裔美国人、民主党候选人埃利奥特·罗德里格斯陷入胶着竞争。她在移民问题上与特朗普的紧密关联可能会让萨拉扎尔失去国会议员席位。
Salazar is locked in a tight race against another Cuban American, the Democratic Party's candidate, Eliott Rodríguez. Her close association with Trump on immigration could potentially cost Salazar her congressional seat.
佛罗里达州仍是特朗普的大本营。在迈阿密最近举行的一次古巴裔企业家聚会上，气氛依然坚定地支持特朗普。“迈阿密爱特朗普，古巴裔美国人爱特朗普，”房地产商胡安·奥马尔·西克托说道，并指了指身后的其他与会者。
Florida remains a Trump stronghold. At a recent gathering of Cuban American entrepreneurs in Miami, the atmosphere remained staunchly pro-Trump. "Miami loves Trump, Cuban Americans love Trump," says real estate businessman, Juan Omar Sixto, motioning at the other guests behind him.
“他们同意特朗普的观点，认为任何非法越境者都应该被驱逐出境，”他说，尽管他承认自己六十年前也是非法进入美国的。
"They agree with Trump that anyone who crossed the border illegally should be out," he says, despite acknowledging he illegally entered the US himself six decades earlier.
佛罗里达国际大学周四发布的一项民调显示，并非所有南佛罗里达古巴裔都持相同看法——76%的人表示不赞成特朗普政府驱逐无犯罪记录的古巴人。但他们对共和党的支持依然坚定，68%的人表示计划在11月投票给共和党。在该国其他地区，拉美裔群体的支持率正在下降。
A poll released on Thursday by Florida International University found that not all South Florida Cubans agree - 76% said they disapprove of the Trump administration's deportations of Cubans with no criminal record. But their support for the Republican Party remains steadfast, with 68% saying they plan to vote Republican in November. In other parts of the country, support amongst Latinos is declining.
在上届大选中，特朗普以56.1%对43%的得票率击败卡玛拉·哈里斯——这是自1988年以来佛罗里达州总统候选人最大的胜选优势——部分归功于拉美裔社区的支持。但美国全国广播公司新闻部/Telemundo电视台最近对8000名拉美裔登记选民进行的一项民调显示，近60%的人倾向于让国会由民主党控制，仅35%的人希望共和党获胜。
In the last election, Trump beat Kamala Harris by 56.1% to 43% - the biggest margin of victory for a candidate in the state since 1988 - in part because of the support of Latino communities. But a recent NBC News/Telemundo poll of 8,000 registered Latino voters showed nearly 60% favour seeing Congress come under Democratic Party control to just 35% wanting a Republican victory.
高昂的生活成本是民众不满的一个重要因素，居民们觉得超市和汽油价格高得让工薪家庭难以承受。但对许多西班牙裔来说，这也部分源于海迪·桑切斯这样的故事。
The high cost of living is a big factor for people's discontent, as residents feel supermarket and petrol prices are impossibly high for working families. But for many Hispanics, it's also partly because of stories like Heydi Sanchez's.
桑切斯于2019年离开古巴，当时古巴正陷入经济崩溃，她从墨西哥非法越境进入美国。在被拘留中心关押九个月后，她根据I-220B监管令获释。该监管令赋予她留在美国的权利，但被驱逐出境的威胁始终存在。
Sanchez left Cuba in 2019 as the island spiralled into economic collapse and illegally crossed the border from Mexico into the US. After nine months in a detention centre, she was released under an i-220B Order of Supervision which grants the right to remain in the US but carries the constant threat of deportation.
海迪·桑切斯被驱逐回古巴，与年幼的女儿分离。桑切斯曾定居在坦帕，在那里照顾自闭症儿童和老人。经过复杂而昂贵的生育治疗，她和丈夫生下了一个女儿，取名凯琳。
Heydi Sanchez was deported to Cuba and separated from her young daughter Sanchez settled in Tampa where she worked with autistic children and the elderly. After a complex and expensive fertility struggle, she and her husband had a baby girl called Kailyn.
大多数持有I-220B监管令的人试图通过“人道主义假释”来使自己的移民身份合法化，并且必须在定期安排的约谈中向美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）官员报到。去年，特朗普总统撤销了对约30万古巴人的临时人道主义假释。当桑切斯定期的ICE约谈被毫无预警地提前时，她意识到自己的案子出了问题。
Most i-220B holders try to normalise their immigration status via 'humanitarian parole' and must check in with ICE agents at regular scheduled appointments. Last year, President Trump revoked temporary humanitarian parole to about 300,000 Cubans. Sanchez knew something was wrong in her case when her regular ICE meeting was brought forward without warning.
在约谈时，她被拘留。凯琳从她怀里被带走，交给了她的父亲——一名美国公民。不到一天，桑切斯就被戴上镣铐，登上了飞回哈瓦那的驱逐航班，且没有任何上诉途径。
At the appointment, she was detained. Kailyn was taken from her arms and passed to her father, a US citizen. Within a day, Sanchez was on a deportation flight back to Havana in shackles with no recourse to appeal.
我在古巴见到了她。她现在住在哈瓦那市外农村省份马亚贝克的一套一居室公寓里。谈到与女儿分离，她说：“就像天塌下来把我压垮了一样。”
I met her in Cuba where she now lives in a one-bed apartment in Mayabeque, a rural province outside Havana. "It's like the sky fell in and crushed me", she says of being separated from her daughter.
桑切斯忍不住流泪：“视频通话时，她说：‘妈妈，回家吧。’我说：‘亲爱的，妈妈在外面工作。’我还能告诉她什么？我该怎么解释呢？”
"When we have video calls, she says: 'Mummy, come home.' And I say: 'darling, Mummy is away working.' What else can I tell her?
尽管包括玛丽亚·埃尔维拉·萨拉萨尔在内的几位美国政界人士表达了支持，但桑切斯被驱逐出境已一年多，她仍在古巴，处境悬而未决。
How can I explain it?'", Sanchez asks, unable to hold back the tears. Despite expressions of support from several US politicians, including Maria Elvira Salazar, more than a year has passed since her deportation and Sanchez remains in limbo in Cuba.
ICE在一份声明中表示：“在此案中，该家长表示希望不带孩子被驱逐，并将孩子留给了美国一位可靠亲属照顾。”
In a statement, ICE said that "in this case, the parent stated they wanted to be removed without the child and left the child in the care of a safe relative in the United States".
尽管特朗普政府取消了古巴人的特殊移民特权，却已将数千人遣返回这个华盛顿自己都称之为“失败国家”的岛屿。由于美国实施了长达数月的燃料封锁，古巴正陷入有史以来最严重的能源危机。
While the Trump Administration has rolled back Cubans' special immigration privileges, it has sent thousands of people back to an island Washington itself describes as a "failed state". Cuba is in the grip of its worst ever energy crisis amid a months-long fuel blockade imposed by the US.
2024年以压倒性多数投票支持特朗普的古巴裔佛罗里达人如今意识到，他们与其他任何侨民群体一样容易遭到驱逐。他们的不满情绪可能会在投票箱前让特朗普的共和党同僚付出代价。
Since overwhelmingly voting for Trump in 2024, Cubans in Florida now realise they are just as vulnerable to deportation as any other diaspora. His Republican colleagues may feel the brunt of their frustration at the ballot box.
跟随北美记者安东尼·祖尔彻的《美国政治揭秘》时事通讯，追踪特朗普第二任期的曲折历程。英国读者可在此注册。英国以外的读者可在此注册。美国 唐纳德·特朗普
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