Gellert Global Group 称关税“不可持续”，对法律挑战充满信心在一座广阔的冷藏仓库内，坐落于距离新泽西州纽瓦克机场不远的一个工业区里，你会发现美加贸易战的一个新战场。
Gellert Global Group says tariffs are 'unsustainable,' confident in legal challenge Inside a sprawling refrigerated warehouse, tucked into an industrial neighbourhood not far from New Jersey's Newark Airport, you'll find a new front in the U.S.-Canada trade war.
这里是 Gellert Global Group 的总部，这是一家第三代家族经营的食品分销公司，正在就特朗普政府对加拿大特定商品征收的 50% 关税起诉政府，并寻求退款。
It's the headquarters of Gellert Global Group, a third-generation, family-owned food distribution company that is suing the Trump administration over its 50 per cent tariffs on certain Canadian goods and seeking refunds.
自提起诉讼以来，公司首席执行官 Thomas Gellert 在接受广播采访中首次公开表示，他觉得必须采取行动。
In one of his first broadcast interviews since launching the lawsuit, Thomas Gellert, the company's CEO, says he felt he had to do something.
“我们无法长期承受这类产品如此高额的关税，”他在位于新泽西州伊丽莎白市的仓库内接受 CBC 新闻采访时表示。
"We can't sustain a tariff like this on these products for much longer," he said during an interview with CBC News on the floor of the warehouse in Elizabeth, N.J.
Gellert Global Group 每年进口约 8000 万美元（美元，下同）的加拿大奶酪，包括安大略省林赛市 Mariposa Dairy 生产的 Celebrity 山羊奶酪。该公司还进口一系列加拿大产的布里奶酪和卡门贝尔奶酪产品。
Gellert Global Group imports roughly $80 million US worth of Canadian cheeses every year, including Celebrity goat cheese produced by Mariposa Dairy in Lindsay, Ont. It also imports a range of Canadian-produced brie and camembert products. "Customers are not going to take price increases.
“客户不会接受涨价。大家都因通胀压力而精疲力竭，”他说，并证实目前公司正自行承担关税成本。
Everyone is sort of beat down and tired from inflationary pressures," he said, confirming that his company is eating the cost of the tariffs for now.
Gellert Global Group 首席执行官 Thomas Gellert 站在公司位于新泽西州伊丽莎白市的冷藏仓库内。该公司正就特朗普政府对加拿大特定商品征收的 50% 关税提起诉讼。（Katie Simpson/CBC 摄）Gellert 曾试图通过与美国议员和外交官会面，为这些产品争取豁免，其中包括美国驻加拿大大使 Pete Hoekstra。在这些对话中，他强调美国产牛奶被用于部分遭受关税打击的奶酪产品，并辩称最终该政策也在损害美国农民的利益。
Thomas Gellert, CEO of Gellert Global Group, stands inside the company's refrigerated warehouse in Elizabeth, N.J. His company is suing the Trump administration over its 50 per cent tariffs on certain Canadian goods. (Katie Simpson/CBC) Gellert tried to get exemptions for these products in meetings with American lawmakers and diplomats, including U.S. Ambassador to Canada Pete Hoekstra. In those conversations, he says he highlighted the fact that American-produced milk is being used for some of the cheese products hit by tariffs, arguing that, in the end, the policy is hurting U.S. farmers too.
这些游说努力未获成功。眼见加美贸易协议短期内似乎无望达成，Gellert 决定必须采取法律行动。“坦白说，我们没有时间等待事情自行平息，”他说。“我们这里有生意要经营。”
Those lobbying efforts were not successful. And with no Canada-U.S. trade deal appearing to be on the horizon, Gellert decided he had to take legal action. "Frankly we don't have time to wait for things to settle on their own," he said. "We have a business here to run."
该诉讼由自由正义中心提起，这是一个非营利、非党派的法律倡导组织。该组织今年早些时候曾成功挑战特朗普依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）征收的关税，后者被美国最高法院推翻。
The lawsuit was filed by the Liberty Justice Center, a non-profit, non-partisan legal advocacy organization. It is the same organization that successfully challenged Trump's IEEPA tariffs, which were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court earlier this year.
“如果总统持续对不同国家征收非法关税，我们会觉得工作还没完成，”自由正义中心董事长兼首席执行官莎拉·阿尔布雷希特说。
"We felt like our job wasn't done if the President keeps putting illegal tariffs on different countries," said Sarah Albrecht, the chair and CEO of the Liberty Justice Center.
关税技术细节 特朗普政府在8月与加拿大的贸易谈判破裂后，实施了这一轮关税。
Tariff technicalities The Trump administration imposed this round of tariffs after trade talks with Canada broke down in August.
这些关税是通过美国《关税法》第338条征收的，该法也被称为《斯姆特-霍利法案》，是一项大萧条时期的法律，此前从未被用于关税目的。
The duties are applied through Section 338 of the U.S. Tariff Act, also known as the Smoot-Hawley Act, a Depression-era law that had never been used before for tariff purposes.
该法赋予总统权力，可对歧视美国的国家的进口商品征收高达50%的关税。
The law gives the president the power to impose tariffs of up to 50 per cent on imported goods from a country that has discriminated against the U.S.
特朗普政府辩称，加拿大决定对之前几轮美国关税进行报复，构成了歧视。它具体引用了某些省份禁止美国酒类产品、对加拿大乳制品行业的保护以及与汽车行业相关的措施。
The Trump administration has argued that Canada's decision to retaliate against previous rounds of U.S. tariffs amounts to discrimination. It specifically cited the banning of American alcohol products by certain provinces, protections for the Canadian dairy industry and measures related to the auto sector.
在起诉当天发布的一份声明中，自由正义中心表示，第338条不能被用作行政部门“在出现贸易争端时征收全面关税或进口限制的万能授权”。该组织提出的论点包括：加拿大被指控的歧视行为与特朗普以关税为目标的产品之间存在脱节。它还称，特朗普政府非法加快了部分关税的实施。并且它主张特朗普无权以这种方式征收关税。
In a statement released the day the lawsuit was filed, the Liberty Justice Center said Section 338 cannot be used as an "all-purpose authorization for the executive branch to impose sweeping tariffs or import restrictions whenever a trade dispute arises." Among the arguments the group is making, it says there's a disconnect between allegations of discrimination by Canada and the products Trump is targeting with the tariffs. It also says the Trump administration illegally rushed the implementation of some of the tariffs. And it claims Trump does not have the authority to impose tariffs in this way.
特朗普在中期选举压力下面对加拿大商品调整部分关税 加拿大在美国本土赢得乳制品方面的胜利，与此同时农民对特朗普的贸易战怨声载道阿尔布雷希特表示：“任何总统都不应拥有这样的权力：从书架上翻出一部沉睡已久的法案，并在没有国会规定限制的情况下，用它来征收广泛的关税或实施进口禁令。”
Trump to swap some tariffs on Canadian goods amid midterm pressure Canada scores a dairy win on U.S. soil as farmers grumble about Trump's trade war "No president should have the power to pull a dormant statute off the shelf and use it to impose sweeping tariffs or import bans without the limits Congress required," Albrecht said.
最初，这些关税适用于价值约280亿美元的加拿大商品，征税目标包括水泥、融雪盐、曲棍球杆和其他物品。然而，该清单已经过两次调整，移除了部分产品并增添了其他产品。
Initially, the tariffs applied to roughly $28 billion worth of Canadian goods, with targets including cement, road salt, hockey sticks and other items. However, the list has been adjusted twice to remove some products and add others.
部分变动是应缅因州共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯的请求而做出的，因为她发现自己正处于艰难的连任竞选中。她一直为对家乡企业至关重要的产品寻求豁免，因为事实证明，对加贸易战在当地并不受欢迎。专家对特朗普关税理由的力度看法不一自这些关税首次宣布以来，法律专家对这些措施能否在法律挑战中存活提出了不同的看法。
Some of the changes were made at the request of Republican Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, as she finds herself in a tough re-election race. She has sought exemptions for products important to businesses in her home state, as the trade war with Canada is proving unpopular there. Experts mixed on strength of Trump's tariff justification Since the tariffs were first announced, legal experts have offered varying opinions on whether the measures would survive a legal challenge.
金杜国际贸易集团的贸易律师兼合伙人瑞安·马杰鲁斯表示：“有很大的几率它可能会被推翻。”
"There's a good chance it could get reversed," said Ryan Majerus, a trade lawyer and partner at King & Spalding International Trade Group.
“我认为，行政当局可能很难说清楚为什么这些特定产品或加拿大的这些特定行为具有歧视性。”马杰鲁斯表示，特朗普政府的律师必须在所谓的歧视与美国关税为何能抵消这种歧视之间建立联系。
"I think the administration may have a tough time identifying the reasons why these particular products or these particular actions by Canada are discriminatory." Lawyers for the Trump administration will have to make the connection, Majerus says, between the alleged discrimination and why the U.S. tariffs offset that discrimination.
他说：“自从（产品清单）实施以来已经进行了调整……我认为这也可能会削弱他们的主张。”不过，预计特朗普政府将进行强有力的辩护。
"The fact that there have been adjustments [to the product list] since they've been put in place ... I think it may undermine their claim as well," he said. However, the Trump administration is expected to put up an intense defence.
马杰鲁斯说：“我认为他们可以提出一些创造性的论点，说明他们如何能够以某种方式广泛地援引这一权力。”
"I think they can make some creative arguments on how they're able to kind of invoke the authority broadly," Majerus said.
“法院将如何看待此事，目前可以说是一张白纸。” 一组名人牌山羊奶酪及其他加拿大奶酪产品的陈列。Gellert Global Group 表示，美国对加拿大商品加征的关税正威胁其业务及其合作的加拿大生产商。（Katie Simpson/CBC 摄）担心失去货架位置 如果明年之前无法达成解决方案，Gellert 表示，公司将不得不重新评估如何应对关税，以及继续进口这些加拿大商品是否具有可持续性。
"It's a bit of a blank canvas in terms of how the courts are going to look at this." A display of Celebrity goat cheese and other Canadian cheese products. Gellert Global Group says U.S. tariffs on Canadian goods are threatening its business and the Canadian producers it works with. (Katie Simpson/CBC) Fears of losing shelf space If there isn't a resolution by next year, Gellert says his company will have to reassess how it handles the tariffs and whether it is sustainable to keep importing these Canadian goods.
“一旦我们停止销售某款产品，想要重新上架将非常困难，”他说。“我们不想失去货架位置。”
"If we stop selling a product — to get back on the shelf would be very difficult," he said. "We don't want to lose shelf space."
他还表示，如果这些加拿大产品无法供美国消费者购买，美国国内并没有现成的替代品来填补空缺。“美国的山羊奶产量不足以满足需求，”他说。
He also says that if these Canadian products are not available to U.S. consumers, there aren't readily available American alternatives to replace them. "There is not enough goat milk in the United States to support demand," he said.
“即便是现有的美国山羊奶酪工厂，哪怕进口冷冻凝乳，产能也不够。这就是我们与加拿大合作伙伴合作的原因。” 山羊奶酪问题对 Gellert 触动尤深。他表示，曾与拥有 Mariposa Dairy 的家族紧密合作，并鼓励他们投资扩大生产以发展业务。
"And the existing goat cheese factories that are here, even if they're importing frozen curd, they don't have the capacity. So that's the reason why we work with our Canadian partners." The goat cheese issue specifically weighs heavily on Gellert. He says he worked closely with the family that owns Mariposa Dairy and encouraged them to invest in production to grow their business.
“我对那个社区确实感到某种个人责任，因为我们曾鼓励他们建设基础设施来支撑业务——而现在这些都面临风险，”他说。
"I do feel some sort of sense of personal responsibility to that community, that we've encouraged them to build up infrastructure to help support the business — and now that's at risk," he said.
“如果我们停止采购，他们就不得不淘汰山羊。这不是能够轻易恢复的事情。”
"If we stop buying, they start culling goats. It's not something that can be brought back again."