周二提起的一项新诉讼对唐纳德·特朗普总统援引大萧条时期的一项法律对一系列加拿大商品征收50%关税的做法提出挑战。
A new lawsuit filed Tuesday challenges President Donald Trump's invocation of a Depression-era law to impose 50% tariffs on a range of Canadian goods.
特朗普在7月援引1930年《关税法》第338条，以渥太华涉嫌贸易歧视为由，对加拿大曲棍球杆、葡萄酒、蜂蜜、假发及其他产品加征了这些高额关税。这是这项已有96年历史的法律首次被用于征收关税。
Trump in July used Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 to slap those steep tariffs on Canadian hockey sticks, wine, honey, wigs, and other products in response to alleged trade discrimination by Ottawa. It was the first time the 96-year-old law had ever been used to impose a tariff.
提交至美国国际贸易法院的民事诉状称：“第338条是‘基于报复的关税政策’的遗留产物”，已被后续立法“默示废止”。
"Section 338 is a relic of the retaliation-based tariff policy" that has been "impliedly repealed" by subsequent legislation, the civil complaint filed in the U.S. Court of International Trade says.
该诉讼由总部位于新泽西州的食品进口商盖勒特全球集团提起，该公司称其奶酪产品被纳入关税范围。诉状请求法院裁定这些关税非法、阻止其执行，并命令特朗普政府退还已缴纳的税款及利息。
The suit was filed by Gellert Global Group, a New Jersey-based food importer that says its cheeses are covered by the tariffs. The complaint asks the court to declare the tariffs unlawful, block their enforcement, and order the Trump administration to issue refunds for duties already paid, with interest.
盖勒特全球集团由自由正义中心代理，该法律团体曾成功挑战特朗普的“对等”关税，对其贸易议程造成重大打击。
Gellert Global is represented by the Liberty Justice Center, the same legal group that dealt a major blow to Trump's trade agenda by successfully contesting his "reciprocal" tariffs.
最高法院于2月推翻了这些关税。政府目前正在退还联邦政府通过对等关税从进口商处征收的约1660亿美元。
The Supreme Court struck those tariffs down in February. The administration is in the process of refunding the estimated $166 billion that the federal government collected from importers through the reciprocal duties.
自由正义中心目前还参与了另外两起诉讼，指控特朗普滥用法律征收大范围关税。
The Liberty Justice Center is currently engaged in two other lawsuits against what it says is Trump's misuse of laws to impose sweeping tariffs.
该团体首席执行官萨拉·阿尔布雷希特在周二上午宣布盖勒特全球集团诉讼的声明中表示：“此案无关总统个人，而关乎总统职权。任何总统都不应有权从架子上取下一部休眠的法规，在没有国会所要求的限制的情况下用它来征收大范围关税或实施进口禁令。”白宫未立即回应CNBC就该诉讼提出的置评请求。
"This case is not about the president. It is about the presidency," the group's CEO Sara Albrecht said in a statement Tuesday morning announcing Gellert Global's suit. "No president should have the power to pull a dormant statute off the shelf and use it to impose sweeping tariffs or import bans without the limits Congress required." The White House did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment on the suit.
特朗普于7月20日签署了三项总统公告，依据第338条款，针对不同组别的加拿大进口产品征收关税，以回应美国汽车、酒类和乳制品行业据称遭受的不公平待遇。
Trump on July 20 signed three presidential proclamations targeting different sets of Canadian imports with the Section 338 tariffs in response to alleged unfair treatment in the U.S. motor vehicle, alcohol and dairy sectors.
这些关税于8月22日生效，此前在华盛顿与加拿大官员举行的最后阶段贸易谈判破裂。加拿大随后以“美元对美元”方式对美国商品实施报复性关税。
The tariffs took effect Aug. 22, after last-ditch trade talks with Canadian officials in Washington fell apart. Canada later retaliated with "dollar for dollar" tariffs on U.S. goods.
周二提起的诉讼主张，即使1930年关税法得到维持，特朗普政府在对加拿大征收关税时也未满足该立法的要求。
Tuesday's lawsuit argues that even if the 1930 tariff law is upheld, the Trump administration did not meet the legislation's requirements when it imposed the duties on Canada.
诉讼称，该法律仅允许在“事实上认定”外国对美国产品征收不合理费用或实施贸易限制，或其海关规则以其他方式不公平地损害美国利益时，才可采取关税行动。
It says that the law permits tariff action "only upon finding 'as a fact'" that a foreign country is unequally imposing unreasonable charges or trade limitations on U.S. products, or that its customs rules otherwise unfairly disadvantage the U.S.
诉讼称：“即便如此，总统也只能征收‘他认定将抵消此类负担或不利条件’的关税。”但诉讼称，特朗普公告中引述的加拿大措施“并未歧视美国”。
"Even then, the President may impose only such duties 'as he shall determine will offset such burden or disadvantage,'" the lawsuit states. But the Canadian actions cited in Trump's proclamations "do not discriminate against the United States," it says.
诉讼主张，其中两项措施“是加拿大对总统本人关税的回应，包括最高法院已裁定为非法的关税，报复不构成歧视”。
Two of those actions are "Canada's responses to the President's own tariffs, including tariffs the Supreme Court has held unlawful, and retaliation is not discrimination," the lawsuit contends.
另一项则集中在美墨加协定（USMCA）中谈判达成的乳制品配额条款上。该协定是美国与加拿大、墨西哥达成的三边贸易协定。诉讼称，这些条款“使美国奶酪获得的加拿大市场准入优于世界上大多数国家的奶酪”。
Another centers on dairy quota terms that were negotiated in USMCA, the U.S.'s trilateral trade deal with Canada and Mexico. Those terms "give American cheese better access to Canada than the cheese of most of the world receives," the suit states.
诉讼称，Gellert Global年收入超过17亿美元。2025年，该公司进口了价值7100万美元的加拿大奶酪——包括羊奶和山羊奶奶酪、马斯卡彭奶酪、布里奶酪、卡门贝尔奶酪和混合奶酪博贡佐拉（borgonzola），起诉书称。
The suit says Gellert Global boasts more than $1.7 billion in annual revenue. In 2025, the company imported $71 million worth of Canadian cheese — including sheep's and goat's milk cheese, mascarpone, brie, camembert and the hybrid cheese borgonzola, the complaint says.
Gellert称，根据美墨加协定，其进口加拿大奶酪无需缴纳关税。特朗普政府在7月表示，不会续签该贸易协定再延长16年。
Gellert says it paid no tariffs on its imports of Canadian cheese under USMCA. The Trump administration said in July that it would not renew that trade pact for another 16-year term.
根据诉讼，根据第338条关税，“Gellert现在为其进口的加拿大奶酪的报关价值缴纳50%的关税，估计每年达4000万美元”。
Under the Section 338 tariffs, "Gellert now pays a 50 percent duty on the entered value of its Canadian cheese, an estimated $40 million per year," according to the suit.
该公司表示，虽然它计划在今年年底前自行消化这些成本，但这种情况“从长远来看是不可持续的”。
While it plans to absorb the costs through the end of the year, the situation is "not sustainable long term," the company says.
诉讼称：“如果关税继续下去，Gellert将被迫提高其产品的价格，从而导致销售额损失或减少、客户忠诚度下降、由于成本上升而面临失去产品摆放位置的风险，以及由于成本增加导致生产商缩减规模或倒闭而引发的供应链中断。”
"If the tariffs continue, Gellert will be forced to raise the prices on its products, resulting in lost or reduced sales, decreased customer loyalty, risk of losing product placements due to higher costs, and supply chain interruptions as producers scale down or go out of business due to increased costs," the suit says.