老挝塞贡省：老挝南部郁郁葱葱的山脊上，133台中国制造的风力涡轮机正在为越南激增的经济增长提供动力，这也是该地区多元化能源供应热潮的一部分。
SEKONG, LAOS: Rising from verdant ridgelines in southern Laos, 133 Chinese-built wind turbines help power Vietnam’s surging growth and is part of a regional rush to diversify energy sources.
“风景很美。它们比树还要大，”23岁的图克塔·丰萨拉（Toukta Phonsala）坐在达韦村（Dak Wai）木质高脚屋里说道，她的膝上抱着婴儿。
“The view is beautiful. They’re bigger than trees,” 23-year-old Toukta Phonsala said inside her wooden stilt house in Dak Wai village, with her baby on her lap.
近年来，水电站在东南亚各地激增，但在旱季产量会下降，批评人士也对生态影响表示遗憾。
Hydroelectric dams have proliferated across Southeast Asia in recent years, but production drops off in the dry season and critics lament the ecological impacts.
专家表示，风电现在有望腾飞，并指出老挝装机容量达60万千瓦的季风风电项目（Monsoon Wind Power Project）是一个可融资的案例研究，该项目于2025年8月开始运营。
Experts say wind is now set to take off, and point to Laos’ 600-megawatt Monsoon Wind Power Project, which began operating in August 2025, as a bankable case study.
这个耗资7亿美元的宏大项目占地面积相当于一个新加坡，是亚洲首个跨境风电项目，也是东南亚最大的风电场。
Spanning an area the size of Singapore, the US$700 million scheme is the first cross-border wind project in Asia and the largest wind farm in Southeast Asia.
该项目由一家中国国有企业建造、一家泰国主导的财团所有，通过专用输电线路将电力独家出售给越南国家电网。
Built by a Chinese state firm and owned by a Thai-led consortium, it sells electricity exclusively to Vietnam’s national grid via dedicated transmission lines.
制造业枢纽越南是东南亚经济增长最快的国家，此前就已经在从其最贫困的邻国老挝进口水力发电。
Manufacturing hub Vietnam, Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing economy, was already importing hydropower from Laos, its poorest neighbour.
但非营利组织亚洲能源实验室（EnergyLab Asia）的技术项目负责人特里斯坦·贝灵厄姆（Tristan Bellingham）表示，“经济形势正朝着有利于风电的方向发展”。
But “the economics are moving in favour of wind”, said Tristan Bellingham, technical programme lead at nonprofit EnergyLab Asia.
他说：“类似于20至30年前的水电，目前出现了一股争夺新风电项目特许权和开发权的抢购热潮。”
“Similar to hydro 20 to 30 years ago, there’s a bit of a rush to secure concessions and development rights” for new wind projects, he said.
老挝已经拥有90座水电站，邻国还有数十座，这使得几乎没有剩下多少理想的选址。“对发展更好”贝灵厄姆表示，其他风电场目前正在乘着“季风风电的东风”，一名老挝官员指出全国有10到15个项目正在开发中。
Laos already hosts 90 hydropower plants and there are dozens more in neighbouring nations, leaving few optimal sites remaining. "BETTER FOR DEVELOPMENT" Bellingham said other wind farms were now riding “the coattails of Monsoon”, with one Laos official pointing to 10 to 15 projects under development nationwide.
对于图克塔、与她同住的18位家庭成员以及住在涡轮机附近的其他稻农和咖啡农来说，季风项目带来了新的道路，并改善了获得淡水和医疗服务的途径。然而，它没有给当地社区带来的是电力。
For Toukta, the 18 family members she lives with and other rice and coffee farmers residing near the turbines, Monsoon has brought new roads and improved access to fresh water and healthcare. What it has not brought to the community, however, is power.
居民们表示，由于老挝自身的电力基础设施过时且国家公用事业公司负债累累，他们在暴风雨期间仍然会经历停电。尽管如此，图克塔还是很高兴老挝能向国外输送电力。“这对发展更好，能带来繁荣，”她说。对越南而言，该项目提供了一个可靠且成本较低的能源来源。
Residents say they still experience outages during heavy storms, as Laos’s own electricity infrastructure is outdated and the state utility is heavily in debt. Still, Toukta is glad Laos can send power abroad. “It’s better for development and can bring prosperity,” she said. For Vietnam, the project offers a reliable source of less costly energy.
2023年，干旱削弱了水电供应，导致了严重的停电，越南政府在9月警告称，由于计划中的电网项目延误和需求不断增加，自2027年起将存在电力短缺的风险。
There were severe blackouts in 2023 when drought cut into hydropower supply, and the government warned in September of the risk of electricity shortages from 2027 due to delays in planned power projects and increasing demand.
印支能源合伙人公司（Indochina Energy Partners）董事总经理托马斯·雅各布森（Thomas Jakobsen）表示，通过季风项目，“风电以显著低于越南本地风电采购价的价格出售给越南”。
Through Monsoon, “wind power is being sold significantly cheaper to Vietnam than what Vietnam is buying wind power for locally”, said Thomas Jakobsen, managing director at Indochina Energy Partners.
他估计，越南国家电力公司（EVN）向季风项目支付的费用约为每千瓦时6美分——比越南本土费率低2到4美分。
He estimated that state utility Electricity Vietnam (EVN) was paying Monsoon around six US cents per kilowatt-hour - two to four US cents less than the Vietnamese rate.
季风风电、越南国家电力公司以及作为季风项目金融安排机构的亚洲开发银行（ADB）的代表在最近的一次媒体参观活动中拒绝透露具体费率。“独一无二”越南国家电力公司国家输电公司官员宁春协（Ninh Xuan Hiep）表示，该项目也是越南实现2050年净零排放目标的关键。
Representatives of Monsoon Wind, EVN and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Monsoon project’s financial arranger, declined to share the rate during a recent press tour. "SOMETHING UNIQUE" The project is also key to Vietnam reaching net-zero emissions targets by 2050, according to Ninh Xuan Hiep, an official at EVN’s National Power Transmission Corporation.
他表示，到2030年，老挝进口电量将相当于越南总装机容量（即最大可能产量）的近10%。
He said that by 2030, Laos imports would equal nearly 10 per cent of Vietnam’s total installed capacity - its maximum possible production.
据总经理纳鲁特·博阿卡乔恩（Narut Boakajorn）称，季风风电计划将产能提高100万千瓦，并正努力确保这些额外电力的一部分在老挝国内使用。
Monsoon Wind plans to boost capacity by 1,000 megawatts and is working to ensure some of this additional power is used inside Laos, according to general manager Narut Boakajorn.
纳鲁特说：“老挝拥有如此丰富的自然资源”——风能、水能和太阳能。
“Laos has so much natural resources” - wind, hydro and solar, Narut said.
“没有多少国家能在同一个地方拥有所有优质的可再生能源。老挝拥有独一无二的优势。”纳鲁特补充说，在为期25年的合同期内，政府将收获1.8亿美元的收益，包括税收以及社区发展和环境保护基金。
“Not many countries have all the good renewable energy in the same place. Laos has something unique.”The government was set to reap US$180 million over the 25-year contract period, including taxes and community development and environmental protection funds, Narut added.
他坚称，没有人因为该项目而被强迫迁居，尽管在共产主义老挝，公众异见受到严厉限制。
He insisted nobody was forced to relocate because of the project, although public dissent is severely restricted in communist Laos.
他说，记录在案的1600起申诉——主要来自要求就施工对农作物影响进行赔偿的农民——均已得到解决。
He said 1,600 grievances logged – mainly from farmers requesting compensation for construction impacts on their crops - were resolved.
23岁的农民丰坎·森索帕（Phonekhan Sengsopha）表示，他为自己国家生产的电力被输送到同为共产主义国家的邻国感到自豪。“因为越南和老挝就像兄弟一样。他们互相帮助。”
Farmer Phonekhan Sengsopha, 23, said he was proud that electricity produced in his country was being sent to its neighbour, also a communist nation. “Because Vietnam and Laos are like brothers. They help one another.”