老挝塞孔省——从老挝南部葱翠的山脊线上升起，133座中国建造的风力涡轮机正在为越南蓬勃发展的经济提供电力，并代表了该地区多元化能源的浪潮的一部分。
Sekong province, Laos – Rising from verdant ridgelines of southern Laos, 133 Chinese-built wind turbines help power Vietnam’s surging growth and represent part of a regional rush to diversify energy sources.
“景色很美。它们比树还高，”23岁的图克塔·蓬萨拉在达瓦伊村的木质高脚屋里说道，她的婴儿在膝上跳动。
“The view is beautiful. They’re bigger than trees,” 23-year-old Toukta Phonsala said from inside her wooden stilt house in Dak Wai village, her baby bouncing on her lap.
近年来，水电大坝在东南亚各地大量兴建，但旱季发电量会下降，批评者对其生态影响表示惋惜。
Hydroelectric dams have proliferated across Southeast Asia in recent years, but production drops off in the dry season, and critics lament the ecological impacts.
专家表示，风能现在即将大规模发展，并指出老挝的600兆瓦季风风力发电项目，该项目于2025年8月开始运营，是一个可银行融资的案例研究。
Experts say wind is now set to take off and point to Laos’ 600-megawatt Monsoon Wind Power Project, which began operating in August 2025, as a bankable case study.
该项目占地面积相当于新加坡，耗资7亿美元，是亚洲首个跨境风电项目，也是东南亚最大的风电场。
Spanning an area the size of Singapore, the $700-million plan is the first cross-border wind project in Asia and the largest wind farm in Southeast Asia.
由中国国有企业建造，由泰国主导的财团所有，该项目通过专用输电线路将电力独家出售给越南国家电网。
Built by a Chinese state firm and owned by a Thai-led consortium, it sells electricity exclusively to Vietnam’s national grid via dedicated transmission lines.
作为东南亚增长最快的经济体和制造业中心的越南，此前已从其最贫穷的邻国老挝进口水电。
Manufacturing hub Vietnam, Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing economy, was already importing hydropower from Laos, its poorest neighbor.
但“经济形势正在向风能倾斜，”非营利组织EnergyLab Asia的技术项目负责人特里斯坦·贝林厄姆表示。
But “the economics are moving in favor of wind,” said Tristan Bellingham, technical program lead at nonprofit EnergyLab Asia.
“就像20到30年前的水电一样，现在有一股争取新风电项目特许权和开发权的热潮，”他说。
“Similar to hydro 20 to 30 years ago, there’s a bit of a rush on to secure concessions and development rights” for new wind projects, he said.
老挝已有90座水电站，邻国还有数十座，几乎没有剩余的最佳选址。“更有利于发展”贝林厄姆表示，其他风电场现在正乘着“季风”的东风，一位老挝官员指出，全国目前有10到15个项目正在开发中。
Laos already hosts 90 hydropower plants, and there are dozens more in neighboring nations, leaving few optimal sites remaining. ‘Better for development’Bellingham said other wind farms were now riding “the coattails of Monsoon,“ with one Laos official pointing to 10 to 15 projects under development nationwide.
对于图克塔、她与之同住的18名家人以及居住在涡轮机附近的其他水稻和咖啡农来说，季风项目带来了新道路，并改善了淡水和医疗保健的可及性。然而，它并未为她的社区带来电力。
For Toukta, the 18 family members she lives with and other rice and coffee farmers residing near the turbines, Monsoon has brought new roads and improved access to fresh water and healthcare. What it has not brought to her community, however, is power.
居民表示，在暴雨期间他们仍然会经历停电，因为老挝本身的电力基础设施已过时，国有电力公司负债累累。尽管如此，Toukta仍为老挝能够向国外输电感到高兴。“这对发展更有利，能带来繁荣，”她说。对越南而言，该项目提供了一种更便宜且可靠的能源来源。
Residents say they still experience outages during heavy storms, as Laos’ own electricity infrastructure is outdated and the state utility is heavily in debt. Still, Toukta is glad Laos can send power abroad. “It’s better for development and can bring prosperity,” she said. For Vietnam, the project offers a reliable source of less costly energy.
2023年，干旱削减了水电供应，导致严重停电；去年9月，政府警告称，由于计划中的电力项目延误以及需求增加，明年起可能面临电力短缺风险。
There were severe blackouts in 2023 when drought cut into hydropower supply, and the government warned in September of the risk of electricity shortages from next year due to delays in planned power projects and increasing demand.
通过季风项目，“风电以远低于越南本地购买风电的价格出售给越南，”Indochina Energy Partners的总经理Thomas Jakobsen表示。
Through Monsoon, “wind power is being sold significantly cheaper to Vietnam than what Vietnam is buying wind power for locally,“ said Thomas Jakobsen, managing director at Indochina Energy Partners.
他估计，国有电力公司越南电力集团（EVN）向Monsoon支付的电价约为每千瓦时六美分，比越南本地电价低两到四美分。
He estimated state utility Electricity Vietnam (EVN) was paying Monsoon around six cents per kilowatt-hour — two to four cents less than the Vietnamese rate.
Monsoon Wind、EVN以及该项目的金融安排方亚洲开发银行（ADB）的代表，在上周的一次新闻采访团中拒绝透露该电价。“独一无二”据EVN国家电力输送公司官员Ninh Xuan Hiep表示，该项目也是越南实现2050年净零排放目标的关键。
Representatives of Monsoon Wind, EVN and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Monsoon project’s financial arranger, declined to share the rate during a press tour last week. ‘Something unique’The project is also key to Vietnam reaching net-zero emissions targets by 2050, according to Ninh Xuan Hiep, an official at EVN’s National Power Transmission Corporation.
在越南首都河内的一座变电站，他表示，到2030年，从老挝进口的电力将相当于越南总装机容量（即最大可能生产量）的近10%。
At a substation in the Vietnamese capital Hanoi, he said that by 2030, Laos imports would equal nearly 10% of Vietnam’s total installed capacity — its maximum possible production.
Monsoon Wind计划将产能增加1000兆瓦，并致力于确保部分额外电力在老挝境内使用，总经理Narut Boakajorn表示。
Monsoon Wind plans to boost capacity by 1,000 megawatts and is working to ensure some of this additional power is used inside Laos, according to general manager Narut Boakajorn.
“老挝拥有如此丰富的自然资源”——风能、水能和太阳能，Narut在一座110米高风力涡轮机旋转的叶片下方接受采访时表示。
“Laos has so much natural resources” — wind, hydro and solar, Narut said in an interview held below the spinning blades of a 110-meter-high turbine.
“并非许多国家都能在同一地方拥有所有优质的可再生能源。老挝拥有独特的资源。”据纳鲁特称，政府预计在25年合同期内将获得1.8亿美元，其中包括税收以及社区发展和环境保护基金。
“Not many countries have all the good renewable energy in the same place. Laos has something unique.”The government was set to reap $180 million over the 25-year contract period, including taxes and community development and environmental protection funds, according to Narut.
他坚称，没有人因该项目被迫迁移——尽管在共产主义老挝，公众异议受到严格限制。
He insisted nobody was forced to relocate because of the project — although public dissent is severely restricted in communist Laos.
他说，已记录的1600起申诉主要来自要求因建设对农作物造成影响而获得补偿的农民，这些申诉均已得到解决。
He said 1,600 grievances logged, mainly from farmers requesting compensation for construction impacts on their crops, were resolved.
在风力发电机的阴影下，23岁的农民冯坎·森索法表示，他为本国生产的电力输往邻国——也是共产主义国家——感到自豪。“因为越南和老挝像兄弟一样。他们互相帮助。”
In the shadow of the turbines, 23-year-old farmer Phonekhan Sengsopha said he was proud that electricity produced in his country was being sent to its neighbor, also a communist nation. “Because Vietnam and Laos are like brothers. They help one another.”