联邦法官在大选前夕裁定，禁止特朗普政府要求加利福尼亚州官员搁置其怀疑为非公民的已登记选民的选票，认定该做法很可能违反宪法。
A federal judge on the eve of Election Day barred the Trump administration from demanding California officials set aside ballots from registered voters it suspects are noncitizens, finding the effort likely violates the Constitution. Why it matters:
为何重要：法院此前已驳回司法部试图强迫加州分离选票的尝试。
Courts had already rejected the Justice Department's attempts to force California to separate the ballots.
- 周一的裁决更进一步，直接禁止联邦官员提出此类要求，即便司法部正转向最高法院寻求强制该州遵守。
• Monday's ruling goes a step further, directly barring federal officials from making those demands even as DOJ turns to the Supreme Court to compel the state to comply.
新闻看点：美国首席地区法官詹姆斯·博斯伯格周一裁定，特朗普政府通过向加州官员施压以改变计票方式，很可能违反了宪法。
Driving the news: Chief U.S. District Judge James Boasberg ruled Monday that the Trump administration likely violated the Constitution by pressuring California officials to change how they count ballots.
- 他的命令禁止司法部和国土安全部要求官员搁置选票，或基于联邦怀疑非公民名单而偏离现有的州选举程序。
• His order prohibits the Justice Department and the Department of Homeland Security from demanding officials set aside ballots or depart from existing state election procedures based on federal lists of suspected noncitizens.
- 博斯伯格认定，宪法赋予各州和国会而非行政部门管理选举规则的权力。联邦禁止非公民投票的规定，并不意味着政府可以重写这些规则。
• Boasberg found that the Constitution gives states and Congress, but not the executive branch, authority over election rules. The federal ban on noncitizen voting does not mean the administration can rewrite those rules.
数字解读：司法部声称在加州选民名册上识别出了2万多名疑似非公民。
By the numbers: The DOJ claims it identified more than 20,000 suspected noncitizens on California's voter rolls.
- 在博斯伯格命令司法部交出名单后，一位专家发现，至少22名人道移民权利联盟成员——均为已知的美国公民——被错误列入。该专家还发现另有66名成员极有可能也在名单上。
• After Boasberg ordered DOJ to turn over its list, an expert found that at least 22 members of the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights — all known U.S. citizens — were wrongly included. The expert found another 66 members were almost certainly on the list.
- 博斯伯格认定该专家可信，并得出结论：名单中的错误对合格选民构成了真实威胁。
• Boasberg found the expert credible and concluded the list's errors posed a real threat to eligible voters. What he's saying:
他表示：博斯伯格写道：“总统显然认为，实施更严格的程序将是良好的公共政策。然而，无论该政策理由多么充分，都不能成为越界行使行政部门在这一领域有限的宪法赋予权力的正当理由。”
"The President evidently believes that it would be good public policy for more stringent procedures to be put in place," Boasberg wrote. "No matter how strong that policy case may be, however, it does not justify overstepping the bounds of the Executive Branch's limited constitutional authority in this domain." • The White House referred Axios to the Department of Homeland Security for comment.
白宫将Axios的置评请求转交给了国土安全部。国土安全部和司法部均未立即回应Axios的置评请求。
DHS and the Justice Department did not immediately respond to Axios' requests for comment.
快速回顾：在另一起诉讼中，司法部曾试图强制加利福尼亚州和洛杉矶县将疑似非公民的选票分离出来。联邦法官周三驳回了该请求，联邦上诉法院周五也驳回了该请求。
Catch up quick: separate lawsuit DOJ sought to force California and Los Angeles County to segregate ballots from suspected noncitizens. A federal judge rejected that request Wednesday, as did an appeals court on Friday.
- 周一的裁决不同之处在于，它限制联邦政府提出此类要求，而不仅仅是拒绝下令加利福尼亚州遵守。
• Monday's ruling is different in that it restricts the federal government from making its demands rather than simply refusing to order California to comply.
- 这也紧随周五发布的一项更广泛的全国性临时限制令，该命令禁止提出类似要求并威胁起诉选举工作人员。
• It also follows a broader nationwide temporary restraining order Friday that prohibits similar demands and threats of prosecution against election workers. Yes, but:
但需注意：博斯伯格并未禁止联邦官员调查非法投票或编制疑似非公民名单。
Boasberg did not prohibit federal officials from investigating illegal voting or compiling lists of suspected noncitizens.
- 联邦法律规定非公民在联邦选举中投票属于犯罪，司法部可以起诉明知故犯违反该法律的人员。但博斯伯格写道，这并不赋予司法部命令各州改变核实选民资格或计票方式的权力。
• Federal law makes it a crime for noncitizens to vote in federal elections, and DOJ can prosecute people who knowingly break that law. But that doesn't give DOJ the authority to order states to change how they verify voter eligibility or count ballots, Boasberg wrote.
- 博斯伯格表示，加利福尼亚州可继续遵循其选举程序，同时联邦检察官追究非法投票行为。
• California can continue following its election procedures while federal prosecutors pursue illegal voting, Boasberg said.
后续发展：最高法院仍可能下令加利福尼亚州搁置有争议的选票。
What's next: The Supreme Court could still order California to set aside the disputed ballots.