英国政府应当创设并补贴带薪岗位，为数千名残疾青年提供就业机会，作为一场旨在扭转多年劳动力市场歧视的“机会革命”的一部分，米尔本青年就业评论将提出这一建议。
The British state should create and subsidise paid jobs for thousands of disabled young people as part of an “opportunity revolution” aimed at reversing years of labour market discrimination, the Milburn review of youth employment will recommend.
预计将于本月发布的该评论将指出，政府应当推出“弹性工作”，并配合就业补贴和强化技能支持，使残疾和长期患病的16至24岁青年更容易获得工作。
The review, due to report this month, will say the government should introduce “flexi-jobs” alongside employment subsidies and intensive skills support to make it easier for disabled and chronically ill 16- to 24-year-olds to get work.
评论将主张，国家应当介入，为被拒之于就业和培训机会之外的青年提供岗位担保，作为对其认为已过时的福利和技能体系进行改革的一部分。
It will argue that the state should step in to underwrite jobs for young people who are locked out of employment and training opportunities, as part of an overhaul of what it sees as an outdated welfare and skills system.
目前约有100万青年被归类为“尼特族”，即既不在校就读、也不就业、也不接受培训。其中近半数（45%）为残疾人或健康状况不佳者。残疾青年成为“尼特族”的可能性是非残疾同龄人的三倍。
About a million young people are now classified as “Neet”, meaning they are not in education, employment or training. Nearly half (45%) of those are disabled or in ill health. Disabled young people are three times as likely to be Neet as their non-disabled peers.
评论作者、前工党内阁大臣艾伦·米尔本将“尼特族”人数飙升描述为一场道德与经济危机，警告称，若不解决青年脱离劳动力市场的日益严重趋势，将面临制造一代“迷失一代”的风险。
The review’s author, the former Labour cabinet minister Alan Milburn, has described soaring numbers of Neets as a moral and economic crisis, warning that failure to tackle rising youth disengagement from work risks creating a “lost generation”.
他驳斥了关于青年是“玻璃心”的所谓“迷思”，坚称青年心理健康危机真实存在，大多数青年渴望工作，而提供支持和机会是政府和雇主的责任。
He has rejected what he has called “myths” about young people being “snowflakes”, insisting that the crisis in youth mental health is real, most youngsters want to work, and it is the duty of government and employers to provide support and opportunities.
评论将指出，残疾青年需要一种灵活且具支持性的就业方式，这种方式要承认其病情会有波动、缺乏工作经验的现实，并认识到兼职岗位在帮助他们建立自信方面的重要性。
The review will say young people with disabilities need a flexible and supportive approach to work that acknowledges fluctuating medical conditions and lack of work experience, and recognises the importance of part-time roles in helping them build confidence.
一项引人注目的建议是，英国采用丹麦式的“弹性工作”计划。该计划保障残疾参与者的就业，同时允许他们根据个人能力设定工作时长——在某些情况下每周最少可从四小时起步——工资不足部分由政府补贴。
One eye-catching recommendation is for the UK to adopt a Danish-style “flexi-job” scheme. This guarantees disabled participants employment while allowing them to set working hours – in some cases starting with as few as four hours a week – that suit their individual capacities, with wages topped up by the government.
报告还将呼吁采取创造性方式，根据个人能力量身定制工作，例如“职位拆解”：将一个初级岗位的三个组成部分拆分开来，并将年轻人分别匹配到这些岗位上。一个包含补货、收银和关门锁门职责的零售岗位，将由此变为三个就业机会。
It will also call for creative ways of shaping jobs to individual capabilities, such as “job carving”: splitting the three component parts of a single entry-level role and matching youngsters to each of those roles. A retail role that comprises stock-filling, till work and locking up would become three job opportunities.
近半数24岁的“尼特族”（指不在就业、教育或培训中的人群）从未工作过。米尔本在今年早些时候的临时报告中指出，抛弃这一代在新冠疫情时期成长、面临高比例抑郁、焦虑、自闭症和多动症（ADHD）困扰的年轻人，将对他们的一生机遇和终身收入造成创伤性影响。
Nearly half of 24-year-old Neets have never worked, and Milburn argued in his interim report earlier this year that abandoning a cohort of Covid-era youngsters coping with high levels of depression, anxiety, autism and ADHD would have a scarring effect on their life chances and lifetime earnings.
尽管政府表示不会支持对福利进行“粗暴削减”，但米尔本建议，国家应将每年用于青年残疾福利的40亿英镑中的一部分，转向全面、高质量的就业和培训支持上。
Although the government has said it will not endorse “crude cuts” to benefits, Milburn has suggested that the state should switch some of the £4bn a year it spends on disability benefits for young people into comprehensive, high-quality employment and training support.
然而，他很可能会面临活动人士的抵制，以及潜在的工党后座议员的反对，他们主张就业支持不应以削减残疾福利为资金来源，因为这会将许多年轻人推向贫困，使他们更加远离就业市场。
However, he will probably face pushback from campaigners, and potentially backbench Labour MPs, who argue that job support should not be funded by disability benefit cuts that would push many young people into poverty and further away from the job market.
米尔本的提议部分承认了残疾青年在招聘流程和僵化的职位设计方面面临巨大障碍，且在没有政府支持的情况下，许多企业不太可能为他们创造就业机会。
Milburn’s proposals are in part a recognition that young people with disabilities face huge barriers around recruitment processes and inflexible job design, and many businesses are unlikely to create job opportunities for them without government support.
这些计划呼应了战后的“伦普洛伊”（Remploy）计划，该计划创建了国家资助的工作场所，为残疾退伍军人提供“庇护性”就业。在其鼎盛时期，伦普洛伊在英国拥有90家工厂，最后一家于2013年关闭。
The plans have echoes of the postwar Remploy scheme, which created state-funded workplaces providing “sheltered” employment for disabled ex-service personnel. At its height, Remploy had 90 factories across the UK, the last closing in 2013.
该审查将敦促大型雇主自愿采纳针对 16 至 24 岁残疾青年的就业目标，但预计不会建议实行法定配额。
The review will urge large employers to voluntarily adopt employment targets for disabled 16- to 24-year-olds, although it is expected to stop short of recommending statutory quotas.
除了创造就业岗位，该审查还将呼吁加强就业支持，包括支持性实习、岗位安置、专业岗位匹配与指导，以及支持雇主提供工作场所调整。
As well as creating jobs, the review will call for a boost for job support, including supported internships, placements, specialist job matching and coaching, and support for employers to provide workplace adjustments.
此前曾批评现有政府就业支持计划雄心有限的米尔本，曾呼吁为从学校和学院毕业的有特殊教育需求的年轻人“全面加速”专业实习项目。
Milburn who has been critical of the limited ambitions of existing government job support programmes, has previously called for a “turbo-charging” of specialist internships for young people with special educational needs who are moving on from school and college.
根据最新官方数据，处于“既不在上学、也不在工作、也不在接受职业培训”状态的残疾青年中，最常见的病症依次为抑郁、神经衰弱或焦虑（23.8%）、自闭症（22.7%）以及其他健康问题或残疾（18.5%）。
The most common conditions reported by disabled Neets were depression, bad nerves or anxiety (23.8%), followed by autism (22.7%) and other health problems or disabilities (18.5%), according to the latest official figures.