威斯康星州卫生部门周四表示，该州一名婴儿死于麻疹——这是美国本周报告的第三例麻疹相关死亡病例。卫生部门称，这是威斯康星州自1990年以来首例麻疹相关死亡，并补充说，一名验尸官已将麻疹列为该婴儿的直接死因。这一消息传出仅一天前，宾夕法尼亚州卫生部门报告了该州一例麻疹相关死亡——这是该州今年第六例。
An infant in Wisconsin has died of measles, the state health department said Thursday — the third measles-related death reported in the U.S. this week. It’s Wisconsin’s first measles-related death since 1990, the health department said, adding that a coroner had listed measles as the infant’s immediate cause of death. The news came just one day after Pennsylvania’s health department reported a measles-associated death there — the state’s sixth this year.
该部门周三表示，杰斐逊县一名麻疹检测呈阳性的未接种疫苗居民已经死亡。在此两天前，纽约州卫生官员宣布刘易斯县一名儿童死于麻疹。州长凯西·霍楚尔于10月初因麻疹宣布全州进入灾难紧急状态。根据各州卫生部门的数据，美国今年共记录了八例麻疹相关死亡病例。这是自1991年以来美国最高的麻疹死亡人数。
The department said Wednesday that an unvaccinated resident in Jefferson County who tested positive for measles had died. Two days before that, New York health officials announced that a child in Lewis County had died of measles. Gov. Kathy Hochul declared a statewide disaster emergency over measles in early October. In total, the U.S. has recorded eight measles-associated deaths this year, according to state health department data. It’s the highest measles death toll in the country since 1991.
美国疾病控制与预防中心已确认了其中四例死亡。该机构表示，将“在获得更多信息并完成相关审查后”更新其统计数字。据各州卫生部门称，八名死者均未接种疫苗；其中一些人因年龄或健康状况不符合接种条件。通常情况下，疫苗的第一剂在儿童满一周岁前后接种。在威斯康星州、纽约州和宾夕法尼亚州爆发疫情之前，这些州均已超过30年没有记录到麻疹死亡病例。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed four of those deaths. The agency says it will update its count “as additional information becomes available and relevant reviews are completed.”None of the eight people who have died were vaccinated, according to state health departments; some were ineligible because of their age or health status. Typically, the first dose of the vaccine is administered around a child’s first birthday. Before the outbreaks in Wisconsin, New York and Pennsylvania, none of the states had recorded a measles death in more than 30 years.
据宾夕法尼亚州卫生部门称，该州于4月开始的疫情是目前全国规模最大的，45个县累计病例数接近1500例。富兰克林县一名验尸官上个月报告了另一例可能与麻疹有关的死亡，但州卫生部门周三表示，尚未确认该县任何死亡病例与麻疹相关。
Pennsylvania’s outbreak, which began in April, is by far the largest in the country, with a case total approaching 1,500 across 45 counties, according to the state health department. A Franklin County coroner reported an additional death last month possibly linked to measles, but the state health department said Wednesday that it has not yet confirmed any deaths as measles-associated in the county.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）已确认今年全国共有4852例麻疹病例——是去年数量的两倍多，也是自1991年以来的最高数字。这一急剧上升部分与全国疫苗接种率下降有关。两剂麻疹疫苗对预防该病的有效性为97%。自2000年以来，麻疹在美国一直被认定为已消除，这一认定表明该病毒不再持续传播，尽管仍可能出现偶发疫情。
Nationally, the CDC has confirmed 4,852 measles cases this year — more than double last year’s count and the highest number since 1991. The dramatic rise is linked, in part, to a decline in vaccination rates across the country. Two doses of the measles vaccine are 97% effective against the disease. Measles has been considered eliminated in the U.S. since 2000, a designation that indicates the virus is no longer constantly circulating, though there can be occasional outbreaks.
世界卫生组织下属的泛美卫生组织将于下周开会，决定美国是否应失去这一消除认定。麻疹感染对婴儿和幼儿尤其危险，因为他们的免疫系统往往尚未发育到足以对抗感染的程度。据CDC称，每1000名感染麻疹的儿童中约有1至3人死于呼吸系统和神经系统并发症。麻疹通常以高烧、咳嗽、流鼻涕和眼睛发红或流泪开始。
The Pan American Health Organization, a group within the World Health Organization, will meet next week to determine whether the U.S. should lose that elimination status. A measles infection is particularly dangerous for babies and young children, whose immune systems aren’t always developed enough to fight an infection. Roughly 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 children with measles die from respiratory and neurological complications, according to the CDC. Measles often starts with a high fever, cough, runny nose and pink or watery eyes.
此后，患者可能会在磨牙附近的脸颊内侧出现白点，并出现由平坦红色斑点组成的斑驳皮疹。重症病例可能发展为肺炎或脑肿胀。
From there, people may develop white spots on the insides of the cheeks near the molars and a blotchy rash of flat, red spots. Severe cases can progress to pneumonia or swelling of the brain.