
要修复司法部民权司负责人哈米特·迪隆(Harmeet Dhillon)所造成的破坏将十分艰难。作为一名保守派文化斗争悍将,她在众议院调查1月6日事件期间作为私人律师代表唐纳德·特朗普,迅速实现了该政府削减民权保护的目标,并逆转了其在民权司的前任克里斯滕·克拉克(Kristen Clarke)取得的许多来之不易的成果。
It will be hard to fix what Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon broke as the head of the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division. A conservative culture warrior who as a private attorney represented Donald Trump during the House committee’s Jan. 6 investigation, she quickly delivered on the administration’s goals to roll back civil rights protections and reversed many the hard-fought gains of Kristen Clarke, her predecessor at the Civil Rights Division.
唐纳德·特朗普、斯蒂芬·米勒以及罗素·沃特、布伦丹·卡尔和凯文·罗伯茨等传统基金会人物,都将“让美国再次伟大”的文化战争与削减民权的努力联系在一起,这使得司法部民权司负责人的职位至关重要。迪隆兑现了“让美国再次伟大”阵营想要的东西。
Donald Trump, Stephen Miller and Heritage Foundation figures like Russell Vought, Brendan Carr and Kevin Roberts all connected MAGA culture war with efforts to roll back civil rights, making the leader of the DOJ’s civil rights unit of paramount importance. Dhillon delivered what MAGA wanted.
尽管一个专注于对白人男性的虚构歧视的民权主管的离职似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步,但在我们知道特朗普将由谁来接替她之前,我们还无法确定这一点。
Though the departure of a civil rights chief who fixated on imaginary discrimination against white men might seem like a step in the right direction, we won’t know that until we know who Trump will replace her with.
但与此同时,我们可以指出迪隆对民权造成的危害有多大。以针对歧视性警务的指控为例。司法部民权司历来负责调查执法人员虐待黑人和其他边缘化群体的指控。当警察侵犯民权需要联邦介入时,该司就会领导这一工作,并与执法机构达成同意令以提供禁令救济,通常会强制要求进行额外的培训和问责措施。
But in the meantime, we can point out just how bad Dhillon was for civil rights. Take, for example, allegations of discriminatory policing. The DOJ’s Civil Rights Division has historically investigated allegations of mistreatment of Black people and other marginalized groups by law enforcement officers. When police civil rights violations required federal intervention, the division led that effort and entered into consent decrees with law enforcement agencies to grant injunctive relief, often mandating additional training and accountability measures.
在特朗普于2017年就任总统之前,全国各地的城市都有此类同意令的例子,其中包括在密苏里州弗格森市的一名警察枪杀黑人少年迈克尔·布朗之后,与弗格森警察局达成的同意令。在乔·拜登总统任内的司法部领导下,民权司在警察枪杀年轻黑人女性布雷娜·泰勒后,与路易斯安那州路易斯维尔大都市政府及其警察局达成了同意令。它还在当时的警官德里克·肖万谋杀乔治·弗洛伊德后,与明尼阿波利斯警察局达成了同意令。
There were examples of such consent decrees in cities across the country before Trump became president in 2017, including the consent decree with the Ferguson, Missouri, Police Department after an officer there shot dead Black teenager Michael Brown. The Civil Rights Division under President Joe Biden’s DOJ entered into consent decrees with Louisville Metro Government and its police department after police shot dead Breonna Taylor, a young Black woman. It also entered into a consent decree with the Minneapolis Police Department after then-Officer Derek Chauvin murdered George Floyd.

迪隆终止了所有这些协议。此前我们在本专栏中讨论过,在该届政府对民权传统解释的普遍蔑视的大背景下,其对同意令的抛弃如何发挥了向执法人员发出暗号的作用,让他们知道自己拥有广阔的自由裁量权,无需担心联邦对他们行为的调查。
Dhillon ended all those agreements. Previously in this space, we’ve discussed this administration’s disdain against the larger backdrop of the administration’s disdain for traditional interpretation of civil rights and how its abandonment of consent decrees functioned as a dog whistle to law enforcement officers, letting them know that they had wide latitude and shouldn’t be concerned about federal investigations of their actions.
迪隆的办公室还以州权和维护地方控制为名,拒绝就涉嫌警察违规的指控提供联邦介入。她不仅帮助破坏了地方社区与执法机构之间的信任,夺走了司法部民权司曾经作为关键最后防线的保护,而且她实际上还对该司先前律师发现的问题不予理睬。在没有关于歧视性警务的新指控的情况下,这些案件无法重新立案。这些损害几乎是不可弥补的。
Dhillon’s office has also declined to provide federal intervention with respect to allegations of police violations under the banner of states’ rights and preserving local control. Not only did she help rupture the trust between local communities and law enforcement and take away what was once a critical backstop of protection in the DOJ’s Civil Rights Division, but she also effectively waved off the findings of problems by previous lawyers in the division. Without new allegations of discriminatory policing, those cases can’t be reopened. The damage is nearly irreparable.
迪隆还是众多案件撤销的幕后推手,这些案件涉及针对美国黑人的民权侵犯和歧视投诉、撤销了50多起旨在打击学校隔离且可追溯到《布朗诉教育委员会案》之后的长期案件和同意令,以及导致该州众议院得克萨斯州选区重划惨败的不合理的选举数据索取。
Dhillon was also behind the numerous case dismissals involving complaints of civil rights violations and discrimination against Black Americans, the dismissal of more than 50 longstanding cases and consent decrees aimed at fighting school segregation that date back to the period after Brown v. Board of Education and the unwarranted demand for election data that led to the Texas redistricting debacle in the state House.
事实上,迪隆在司法部让自己忙于削减那些其遭受压迫曾促成民权法案通过的群体的民权。她的任期不仅代表了对民权法律的形象化粉饰,而且迪隆7月份在其个人Instagram账号上分享的一张照片显示,民权司新招聘的100多名律师几乎全都是白人。迪隆8月在接受《布莱特巴特新闻网》播客采访时表示,自她上任以来,已有约300名律师离开了她的部门。
Indeed, Dhillon kept herself busy at the DOJ by working to curtail the civil rights of the groups whose oppression led to the passage of civil rights statutes. Not only has her tenure represented a figurative whitewashing of civil rights laws, but a photo Dhillon shared to her personal Instagram account in July of more than 100 newly hired attorneys for the Civil Rights Division gives the appearance that almost every one of them is white. Dhillon told a Breitbart podcast in August that about 300 attorneys had left her division since she arrived.

她的破坏将不易纠正,原因很简单,破坏总是比建设更容易。在程序上,如果一个真正致力于民权的民权司试图重新确立重要的先例,法院可能需要几年时间才能扫清障碍。显然需要解决迪隆用来对民权大肆破坏的漏洞,但每一次这样做的尝试都将面临重大的立法障碍,包括总统自动否决的可能性。
Her destruction won’t be easy to remedy, if only because it is always easier to destroy than to build. Procedurally, there are hurdles that could take several years to clear in the courts if a Civil Rights Division truly committed to civil rights seeks to reestablish important precedent. There’s an obvious need to address the loopholes Dhillon exploited to wreak the havoc on civil rights, but every attempt to do so will face significant legislative hurdles, including the likelihood of automatic vetoes from the president.
尽管如此,整个讨论中最让人感到可怕的是特朗普试图安排谁来取代她的位置。虽然大多数民权倡导者看到迪隆离职不会感到悲伤,但她的任期向我们展示了她的职位有多么重要,以及为什么我们所有人都应该做好迎接一位志同道合的继任者的心理准备。
Still, the scariest part of this entire discussion is who Trump attempts to position to take his place. While most civil rights advocates will not be sad to see Dhillon go, her tenure showed us just how important her position is, and why we should all be bracing ourselves for a like-minded successor.