“美国号”邮轮曾是世界上速度最快的远洋客轮，船体长度超过“泰坦尼克号”。这艘船将于周三在佛罗里达州沿海沉没，主办方称将借此打造世界上最大的人工鱼礁。
The SS United States, once the world’s fastest ocean liner and a vessel longer than the Titanic, is set to be sunk off the coast of Florida on Wednesday to create what organisers say will be the world’s largest artificial reef. The 990-foot (302-metre) ship will be deliberately flooded in the Gulf of Mexico, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Destin, Florida. The $13.5 million project is aimed at creating a marine habitat for species such as tuna, marlin and swordfish, while attracting divers and fishing enthusiasts to the region, news agency Associated Press reported. The sinking was originally scheduled for Thursday but was moved forward by a day because of concerns over worsening weather conditions.
这艘长990英尺（302米）的邮轮将在墨西哥湾被有意灌水沉没，地点位于佛罗里达州德斯廷西南约25英里（40公里）处。据美联社报道，这个耗资1350万美元的项目旨在为金枪鱼、马林鱼和剑鱼等物种打造海洋栖息地，同时吸引潜水爱好者和钓鱼爱好者前往该地区。
A fleet of tugboats had towed the vessel from Mobile, Alabama, to its designated location off Florida’s Panhandle. The ship will be sunk without explosives. Nick Tomecek, a spokesperson for Okaloosa County, told AP that workers had prepared the vessel for controlled flooding by removing tanks connected to its seawater system, cutting large openings in its decks and taking out more than 400 portholes.
沉船原定于周四进行，但因担心天气状况恶化而提前了一天。一支拖船船队已将船只从阿拉巴马州莫比尔拖至佛罗里达州狭长地带附近的指定地点。
Once the valves are opened, seawater will enter the hull and bring the ship down. Express InfoGenIE · SS United States · Part 1 of 4 The final resting place
这艘船将在不使用炸药的情况下沉没。奥卡卢萨县发言人尼克·托梅切克告诉美联社，工作人员已为可控灌水做好了准备，拆除了与海水系统相连的水箱，在甲板上切出大开口，并取下了400多个舷窗。一旦阀门打开，海水将进入船体，使船只下沉。
Where and how the SS United States will be sunk. Tap through. Wednesday, November 11, brought forward a day because of worsening weather. Check the official deployment status for updates. Key facts Descent 1 / 5 The world’s fastest ocean liner is about to sink.
Express InfoGenIE · “美国号”邮轮 · 第1部分，共4部分最终安息之地“美国号”邮轮将在何处以及如何沉没。点击浏览。
On purpose. Here is the last voyage of the SS United States. ← BackNext →2 / 5
11月11日周三，因天气恶化提前一天。请查看官方部署状态以获取最新信息。关键事实下沉1 / 5世界上速度最快的远洋客轮即将沉没。而且是故意的。以下是“美国号”邮轮的最后航程。← 返回下一页 → 2 / 5“美国号”邮轮将在何处沉没？22海里佛罗里达州德斯廷-沃尔顿堡海滩西南990英尺船体长度180英尺海床大致深度55–60英尺上层甲板距水面深度（各报道估计不一）25英里距德斯廷的大致距离← 返回下一页 → 3 / 5寻找沉船德斯廷彭萨科拉巴拿马城“美国号”邮轮鱼礁地点墨西哥湾投放位置北纬30°07.148′，西经86°46.755′位于德斯廷西南约22海里（约25英里）处，在彭萨科拉与巴拿马城之间。
Where will the SS United States sink? 22nautical milesSouthwest of Destin-Fort Walton Beach, Florida 990 ftShip length 180 ftApproximate seabed depth 55–60 ftUpper deck below surfaceEstimates vary by report 25 milesApproximate distance from Destin ← BackNext →3 / 5 Find the wreck Destin Pensacola Panama City SS United States reef site Gulf of Mexico Deployment location 30° 07.148′ N, 86° 46.755′ W About 22 nautical miles (roughly 25 miles) southwest of Destin, between Pensacola and Panama City. Source: Okaloosa County, via Pensacola News Journal and Visit Florida
来源：奥卡卢萨县，经由《彭萨科拉新闻日报》和佛罗里达旅游局← 返回下一页 → 4 / 5 1 · 烟囱和桅杆已拆除2 · 400多个舷窗已拆除3 · 甲板上切开了10英尺×10英尺的孔洞4 · 阀门打开，海水灌入船体准备工作不使用炸药联邦规定禁止使用炸药，因此这艘船← 返回下一页 → 5 / 5它会沉到多深？受控注水海床180英尺 ↓这艘990英尺长的远洋邮轮漂浮在投放地点。
← BackNext →4 / 5 1 · Funnels and mast removed2 · 400+ portholes taken out3 · 10 ft x 10 ft holes cut in the decks4 · Valves open, water floods the hull Getting ready No explosives Federal rules bar explosives, so the ship is
海水通过预先设置的阀门进入。没有使用炸药。船体逐渐进水，船开始下沉。船最终沉至水面以下约180英尺处。
← BackNext →5 / 5 How deep will it go? Controlled flooding Seabed 180 ft ↓The 990-foot ocean liner floats at the deployment site. Seawater enters through prepared valves. No explosives are being used.
点击上方步骤可移动这艘船。整个过程不使用炸药：联邦规定禁止使用炸药，因此改为向船体注水。← 返回↺ 重新观看来源：奥卡卢萨县，经由《彭萨科拉新闻日报》和佛罗里达旅游局；《华盛顿邮报》；美联社；《卫报》。底图：Natural Earth。制图：阿尼鲁达·达尔预计它将沉眠于约180英尺（55米）深的水中，其上层甲板位于水面以下约60英尺（18米）处，便于休闲潜水员前往。
The hull gradually fills and the ship sinks. The ship settles approximately 180 feet below the surface. Tap the steps above to move the ship. No explosives are used: federal rules bar them, so the hull is flooded instead. ← Back↺ Watch again Okaloosa County, via Pensacola News Journal and Visit Florida; The Washington Post; AP; The Guardian. Base map: Natural Earth. Created by Aniruddha Dhar It is expected to rest in about 180 feet (55 metres) of water, with its upper deck around 60 feet (18 metres) below the surface, making it accessible to recreational divers. SS United States: From record-breaking ocean liner to artificial reef Built in Virginia in 1950 and 1951, the SS United States made its maiden voyage in 1952, setting a transatlantic speed record that remains unbeaten by a passenger liner.
“美国号”邮轮：从破纪录的远洋邮轮到人工鱼礁“美国号”邮轮于1950年和1951年在弗吉尼亚州建造，1952年首航，创下了至今仍未被任何客轮打破的跨大西洋航速纪录。
The ship completed its first eastbound crossing in three days, 10 hours and 40 minutes, averaging nearly 36 knots, or about 41 miles per hour, according to The Guardian. It surpassed the previous record held by Britain’s RMS Queen Mary. At 990 feet, the vessel is 108 feet longer than the Titanic, which sank after hitting an iceberg during its maiden voyage in 1912.
据《卫报》报道，这艘船首次东行横渡用时三天十小时四十分钟，平均航速接近36节，约合每小时41英里。它打破了此前由英国“玛丽皇后号”保持的纪录。
The SS United States completed more than 800 Atlantic crossings and carried several prominent passengers over the years. Among them were Hollywood stars Grace Kelly and Elizabeth Taylor, former US President John F. Kennedy, Britain’s former King Edward VIII and Bill Clinton, who travelled aboard the ship in 1968 while heading to Oxford University. Express InfoGenIE · SS United States · Part 2 of 4 The record-breaker The fastest liner ever built, bigger than the Titanic, and the famous names who sailed on it. in 1950–51 by more than 3,000 workers.
该船全长990英尺，比“泰坦尼克号”长108英尺。“泰坦尼克号”于1912年首航途中撞上冰山后沉没。
Maiden voyage: 1952. 1Record2Size3Passengers 1 / 3 41mph average Queen Mary, 1938 Maiden voyage, July 1952
“美国号”邮轮多年来完成了800多次横渡大西洋的航行，搭载过多位知名乘客，其中包括好莱坞影星格蕾丝·凯利和伊丽莎白·泰勒、美国前总统约翰·F·肯尼迪、英国前国王爱德华八世，以及1968年前往牛津大学途中乘坐该船的比尔·克林顿。
3 days, 10 hrs, 40 mins A transatlantic record never beaten. It beat the Queen Mary’s 1938 record by 4.5 mph.
Express InfoGenIE · “美国号” · 第2部分，共4部分破纪录者有史以来建造的最快邮轮，比泰坦尼克号更大，以及曾乘坐它的名人。
← BackNext →2 / 3 Titanic · 882 ft
1950至1951年间由3000多名工人建造。首航：1952年。1纪录2尺寸3乘客1 / 3平均41英里/小时玛丽皇后号，1938年首航，1952年7月3天10小时40分钟一项从未被打破的横渡大西洋纪录。它以4.5英里/小时的优势打破了玛丽皇后号1938年的纪录。← 返回下一页 → 2 / 3泰坦尼克号 · 882英尺“美国号” · 990英尺+108英尺比泰坦尼克号更大长990英尺。
SS United States · 990 ft +108 ft Bigger than the Titanic 990 ft long. 108 ft longer than the Titanic. ← BackNext →3 / 3 SS United StatesFirst class · Transatlantic800+crossings GKGrace KellyActor ETElizabeth TaylorActor JKJohn F. KennedyPresident EVEdward VIIIBritain’s former king BCBill ClintonIn 1968, on his way to Oxford Who sailed Hollywood stars, a president and a king
比泰坦尼克号长108英尺。← 返回下一页 → 3 / 3“美国号”头等舱 · 横渡大西洋800多次GK格蕾丝·凯利演员ET伊丽莎白·泰勒演员JK约翰·F·肯尼迪总统EV爱德华八世英国前国王BC比尔·克林顿1968年，在前往牛津途中谁曾乘坐好莱坞明星、一位总统和一位国王← 返回↺ 重新观看美联社；《卫报》。制作：阿尼鲁达·达尔据美联社报道，3000多名工人参与建造了这艘船。
← Back↺ Watch again AP; The Guardian. Created by Aniruddha Dhar More than 3,000 workers helped build the vessel. Its maiden voyage carried around 1,700 passengers, including Margaret Truman, daughter of then-US President Harry Truman, AP reported. The ship was withdrawn from service in 1969 as commercial aviation expanded and transatlantic passenger numbers declined. Several proposals to turn it into a floating hotel, museum or entertainment venue failed to secure the necessary funding. Decades-long effort to save the historic ship
它的首航搭载了约1700名乘客，其中包括时任美国总统哈里·杜鲁门的女儿玛格丽特·杜鲁门。
The ocean liner spent decades docked in Philadelphia as preservationists and successive owners struggled to find a viable way to restore or repurpose it. The SS United States Conservancy, a non-profit organisation established to save the vessel, had explored several options for preserving it.
随着商业航空的发展以及横渡大西洋乘客数量的下降，该船于1969年退役。曾有几项将其改造成水上酒店、博物馆或娱乐场所的方案，但都未能获得所需资金。长达数十年拯救这艘历史名船的努力这艘远洋邮轮在费城停泊了数十年，保护人士和历任船东一直难以找到可行的方法来修复它或将其改作他用。
But mounting maintenance costs, legal disputes and rising dock fees made the effort increasingly difficult. In 2024, Florida’s Okaloosa County purchased the ship for $1 million and advanced plans to turn it into an artificial reef, The Guardian reported. The vessel was subsequently moved to Mobile, Alabama, where it underwent months of preparation, including the removal of internal fixtures and hazardous materials. The ship’s two 65-foot smokestacks have also been removed. They are intended to become part of a shore-based museum dedicated to the vessel’s history, alongside other artefacts and memorabilia. Susan Gibbs, president and co-founder of the SS United States Conservancy and granddaughter of the ship’s designer, William Francis Gibbs, said the project would allow the vessel’s story to continue even after it disappears beneath the water. “While she will soon rest beneath the waves, her story will live on,” The Guardian quoted her as saying. Express InfoGenIE · SS United States · Part 3 of 4
“美国号”保护协会是一家为拯救这艘船而成立的非营利组织，曾探索过多种保存方案。但不断上涨的维护成本、法律纠纷以及日益增加的停泊费用，使这项工作愈发困难。
The long goodbye From retirement in 1969 to a $1 million rescue and its final voyage. plans for a hotel, museum or entertainment venue never secured funding. 1Decline2Rescue3Timeline4Legacy 1 / 4 1969Retired from service
据《卫报》报道，2024年，佛罗里达州奥卡卢萨县以100万美元买下这艘船，并推进将其改造成人工鱼礁的计划。随后，该船被移至阿拉巴马州莫比尔，在那里进行了数月的准备工作，包括拆除内部固定设施和危险材料。
1996Docked in Philadelphia 2021Dock fees doubled to $1,700 a day 2024Evicted by court order The long decline Decades of stalled plans Hotel, museum and cruise proposals never raised enough money or momentum.
船上两个65英尺高的烟囱也已被拆除。它们将与其他文物和纪念品一起，成为一座岸上博物馆的一部分，该博物馆专门展示这艘船的历史。
← BackNext →2 / 4 $1m Reef project$13.5 million 2024 Okaloosa County, Florida, buys the ship
“美国号”保护协会主席兼联合创始人苏珊·吉布斯是这艘船的设计师威廉·弗朗西斯·吉布斯的孙女。她说，这个项目将使这艘船的故事在水面之下消失后仍能延续。
It saves the liner from the scrapyard and plans an artificial reef. ← BackNext →3 / 4 Timeline 1952Maiden voyage; sets a transatlantic speed record 1969Withdrawn from service
“虽然她很快就会安息在波涛之下，但她的故事将长存，”《卫报》援引她的话说。
2024Okaloosa County buys the vessel for the reef project Feb 2025Towed from Philadelphia Nov 9, 2026Leaves Mobile under tow
快讯InfoGenIE · “美国号” · 第3部分，共4部分漫长的告别从1969年退役，到100万美元的救援，再到它的最后航程。酒店、博物馆或娱乐场所的计划始终未能获得资金。1衰落2救援3时间线4遗产1 / 4 1969年退役1996年停泊在费城2021年停泊费翻倍至每天1700美元2024年依法院命令被驱逐漫长的衰落数十年停滞不前的计划酒店、博物馆和邮轮方案始终未能筹集到足够的资金或势头。
Nov 10, 2026Reaches the deployment area Nov 11, 2026Planned controlled sinking, brought forward because of weather ← BackNext →4 / 4 “While she will soon rest beneath the waves, her story will live on. Susan GibbsGranddaughter of designer William Francis Gibbs Legacy A museum on shore
← 返回下一页 → 2 / 4 100万美元鱼礁项目1350万美元2024年佛罗里达州奥卡卢萨县买下这艘船使其免于被拆解，并计划建造人工鱼礁。← 返回下一页 → 3 / 4时间线1952年 首航；创下跨大西洋航速纪录1969年 退役2024年 奥卡卢萨县为礁石项目买下该船2025年2月 从费城拖走2026年11月9日 在拖曳下离开莫比尔2026年11月10日 抵达部署区域2026年11月11日 计划进行受控沉没，因天气原因提前← 返回 下一页 → 4 / 4“虽然她很快将安息于波涛之下，但她的故事将长存。苏珊·吉布斯 设计师威廉·弗朗西斯·吉布斯的孙女遗产岸上博物馆一座岸上博物馆的计划正在推进，将展出这艘船的烟囱和船上物品。← 返回 ↺ 再看一遍美联社；《卫报》；《彭萨科拉新闻报》；SS United States Conservancy。制作：阿尼鲁达·达尔科学家将研究海洋生物如何在船体周围繁衍这座人工礁石项目预计还将为科学家提供机会，研究海洋生态系统如何在大型人造结构周围形成。
Plans are advanced for a shore-based museum featuring the funnels and items from the ship. ← Back↺ Watch again AP; The Guardian; Pensacola News Journal; SS United States Conservancy. Created by Aniruddha Dhar Scientists to study how marine life develops around the ship The artificial reef project is also expected to provide scientists with an opportunity to study how marine ecosystems develop around large man-made structures.
伍兹霍尔海洋研究所（WHOI）的研究人员表示，他们将监测沉船周围水化学、微生物活动和海洋生物的变化。这项研究将考察生物如何定殖在这艘船上，以及一个新的水下生态系统如何随时间推移而形成。
Researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) said they would monitor changes in water chemistry, microbial activity and marine life around the wreck. The research will examine how organisms colonise the ship and how a new underwater ecosystem develops over time.
科学家计划从船体周围132个地点采集水样，研究其钢结构腐蚀时释放出的元素。研究结果可能有助于研究人员了解人工礁石如何支持海洋生物多样性。
The scientists plan to collect water samples from 132 locations around the vessel to study elements released as its steel structure corrodes. The findings could help researchers understand how artificial reefs support marine biodiversity.
“合众国号”将加入周边水域已有的约500座人工礁石之列。此前最大的由船只建造的人工礁石来自“奥里斯卡尼号”航空母舰，该舰于2006年在彭萨科拉附近海域沉没。
The SS United States will join around 500 artificial reefs already located in the surrounding waters. The previous largest ship-based artificial reef was created from the USS Oriskany aircraft carrier, which was sunk off Pensacola in 2006.
奥卡卢萨县官员希望这座新礁石能帮助佛罗里达狭长地带成为潜水爱好者和钓鱼爱好者的主要目的地。
Okaloosa County officials hope the new reef will help establish the Florida Panhandle as a major destination for divers and fishing enthusiasts. Express InfoGenIE · SS United States · Part 4 of 4
Express InfoGenIE · “合众国号” · 第4部分，共4部分沉没之后的生活沉船如何成为礁石、科学家将研究什么，以及一个快速问答。周边海域已经分布着人工鱼礁。1鱼礁生态2科学3测验1 / 3沉没之后会发生什么？鱼类迁入生命扎根访客到来科学家观察监测鱼类迁入鱼类及其他海洋生物在结构体上定居。生命扎根微生物、珊瑚和海绵开始附着。
Life after the sinking How the wreck could become a reef, what scientists will study, and a quick quiz. artificial reefs already lie in the surrounding waters. 1Reef life2Science3Quiz 1 / 3 What happens after it sinks? Fish move inLife takes holdVisitors arriveScientists watch Monitoring Fish move in Fish and other marine organisms colonise the structure. Life takes hold Microbes, corals and sponges begin to settle. Visitors arrive Divers and anglers may visit once access is officially opened.
访客到来一旦正式开放进入，潜水者和垂钓者可能会前来。科学家观察研究人员监测生态系统如何随时间发展。点击每个阶段，观看鱼礁逐步形成。← 返回下一步 → 2 / 3海底的一项科学实验132个采样点伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的研究人员将在船体周围采集水样，研究水化学、微生物活动和生物定殖方面的变化。
Scientists watch Researchers monitor how the ecosystem develops over time. Tap each stage to watch the reef build up. ← BackNext →2 / 3 A scientific experiment beneath the sea 132sampling locations Researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will collect water samples around the ship to study changes in water chemistry, microbial activity and biological colonisation.
这项研究将帮助科学家了解一座大型人工结构如何发展成 functioning 的海洋生态系统。来源：伍兹霍尔海洋研究所，2026年11月11日公布← 返回下一步 → 3 / 3测试你的知识：“美国号”的最后航程已答3题 · 得分 /3
The research will help scientists understand how a large artificial structure develops into a functioning marine ecosystem. Source: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, announced November 11, 2026 ← BackNext →
- “美国号”（SS United States）计划中的鱼礁位置离岸多远？5海里22海里50海里✓ 正确。位于德斯廷-沃尔顿堡海滩西南约22海里处。✗ 不对。再试一次：点击另一个答案。
3 / 3 Test your knowledge: The final voyage of 3 answered · Score /3 1. How far offshore is the SS United States’ planned reef location? 5 nautical miles22 nautical miles50 nautical miles ✓ Correct. About 22 nautical miles southwest of Destin-Fort Walton Beach. ✗ Not quite. Try again: tap another answer.
- 这艘船将如何沉没？使用炸药通过受控注水将其拖入水下✓ 正确。海水通过预先设置的阀门进入。联邦规定禁止使用炸药。✗ 不对。再试一次：点击另一个答案。
- How will the ship be sunk? Using explosivesBy controlled floodingBy pulling it underwater ✓ Correct. Seawater enters through prepared valves. Federal rules bar explosives. ✗ Not quite. Try again: tap another answer.
- 研究人员将在船体周围多少个地点采样？3282132 ✓ 正确。伍兹霍尔的科学家将在132个地点采样。✗ 不对。再试一次：点击另一个答案。← 返回↺ 再看一遍伍兹霍尔海洋研究所（2026年11月11日）；美联社；《卫报》；佛罗里达旅游局；《彭萨科拉新闻报》。制作：阿尼鲁达·达尔（综合美联社、《卫报》内容）
- How many locations will researchers sample around the ship? 3282132 ✓ Correct. Woods Hole scientists will sample 132 locations. ✗ Not quite. Try again: tap another answer. ← Back↺ Watch again Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Nov 11, 2026); AP; The Guardian; Visit Florida; Pensacola News Journal. Created by Aniruddha Dhar (With inputs from AP, The Guardian)