约瑟夫·威尔逊 巴塞罗那，西班牙 —— 西班牙临时众议院周四批准了旨在限制驱逐和房地产投机的住房措施，此前一天该国因住房成本危机爆发了总罢工和大规模街头抗议。
JOSEPH WILSON BARCELONA, Spain — Spain’s interim lower house of parliament on Thursday ratified housing measures designed to limit evictions and real estate speculation a day after a general strike and major street protests over the European nation’s housing cost crunch.
不过，这些获批措施的有效期限很可能取决于本月晚些时候举行的全国大选结果。
The duration of the approved measures, however, will likely depend on the outcome of a national election set for later this month.
主要在野党、保守派的人民党表示，如果人民党执政，将废除左翼政府的住房措施，民调显示这确实有可能发生。
The leading opposition party, the conservative Popular Party, has said that it will repeal the housing measures of the left-wing government if the PP takes power, which polls indicate is a real possibility.
西班牙政府曾在10月试图推行这些措施，此前一名87岁老妇在马德里被驱逐并在全国电视转播后去世，引发公众对租金飙升的愤怒。
Spain’s government had tried to push through the measures in October after public anger over soaring rents erupted following the nationally-televised eviction and subsequent death of an 87-year-old woman in Madrid.
但人民党和其他保守派政党在议会联手否决了这些措施，首相佩德罗·桑切斯几天后宣布提前于11月29日举行大选。
But the PP and other conservative parties aligned in parliament to reject the measures , and Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez responded days later by calling an early election for Nov. 29.
政府随后等待时机，试图利用一个席位分布对其和盟友进步党派略为有利的较小临时议会再次推动措施通过。
The government then waited to try again to pass the measures with a smaller interim parliament, where it and aligned progressive parties had a slightly more favorable distribution of seats.
政府将措施拆分为两项法令，其中一项从一开始似乎就注定失败，被单独列入第二项法令，以免危及其余措施。
The government split the measures into two decrees, with one measure that appeared doomed from the start being separated into a second decree so as not to put the rest in danger.
包含一揽子措施的第一项法令周四成功通过，而第二项法令正如预期那样再次被否决。临时众议院有69名议员，而解散的正式议会有350名议员。第一项法令以35票对34票通过。
The first decree containing a package of measures succeeded in passing on Thursday, while the second decree was, as expected, rejected again. The interim lower house has 69 members, compared with 350 in the regular parliament, which was dissolved when the election was called. The first decree passed in a 35-34 vote.
通过的法令包含一项措施，将社会服务部门认定为处于脆弱经济或社会地位的租户的驱逐保护期限延长至地方政府无法为其提供替代住房为止。该措施将持续至2030年。
The decree that passed included a measure that extends protections against evictions for tenants deemed by social services to be in a precarious financial or social position as long as regional authorities can’t offer them an alternative residence. The measure will last until 2030.
另一项主要措施是试图遏制房地产投机，禁止任何涉足房地产市场的公司以低于房产价值70%的价格购买房产。此举旨在阻止以低价批量收购房产，随后再以高价转售。
Another main feature is an attempt to reduce real estate speculation by impeding any company involved in the real estate market from buying properties for less than 70% of their value. That is meant to stop wholesale purchase of properties at low prices, and their subsequent resale at higher prices.
该法令还冻结了已超过政府制定的该街区参考价格指数的租金上涨。
The decree also stops rent increases for rents that already exceed the reference price established by the government’s index of prices for that given neighborhood.
此外，法令规定对出租给游客的公寓（如通过在线平台出租的公寓）征收10%的税，这类公寓已成为公众谴责的对象；同时设立税收激励措施鼓励出租，并提供政府担保贷款用于自住房首付。
It also establishes a 10% tax on apartments rented to tourists, like those on online platforms, that have become a target of public scorn , along with a tax incentive to encourage leasing and government-backed loans for down payments on homes for residential use.
第二项法令再次被否决，该法令原本将赋予租户自动续租住宅租赁合同的权利。如果房东想要解约，将不得不向租户支付相当于一年租金的赔偿。
The second decree which was once again rejected would have made residential leases automatically renewable by tenants. If owners wanted to break contracts, they would have had to compensate tenants with a year’s worth of rent.
许多议员认为，该措施将导致房东将房产从租赁市场撤出，供应减少，价格进一步上涨。表决结果为34票反对、35票赞成，一中右翼巴斯克政党与右翼集团联合投票否决了该法令，尽管该党此前曾支持另一项法令。
Too many lawmakers deemed that measure would have led homeowners to withdraw properties from the rental market, a drop in supply and even higher prices. It was rejected 34-35 after a center-right Basque party voted with the right-wing bloc after having supported the other decree.