中国车企在欧洲向电动汽车转型的进程中取得进展，尽管布鲁塞尔采取措施遏制其扩张，但它们已成为插电式混合动力车领域最大的赢家。
Chinese carmakers have gained ground in Europe’s shift to electric cars, emerging as the biggest winners in plug-in hybrids despite moves by Brussels to curb their expansion.
随着欧盟各地汽油价格上涨，本月德国汽油价格创下每升2.30欧元（合9.91美元/加仑）的历史新高，向电池动力转型的步伐加快。根据欧洲汽车制造商协会（ACEA）周四发布的数据，8月纯电动汽车注册量同比激增62.7%，今年前八个月占新车注册量的21.7%——与汽油车持平。
As petrol prices climbed across the EU, hitting a record high of more than €2.30 a litre (US$9.91 a US gallon) in Germany this month, the move to battery power gathered pace. Battery-electric registrations jumped 62.7 per cent year on year in August and accounted for 21.7 per cent of new registrations in the first eight months of the year – equal with petrol-powered cars – according to data published by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) on Thursday.
中国车企几乎囊括了所有新增销量。根据ACEA数据，8月欧盟市场增长30,720辆，同比增长4.5%，其中比亚迪、奇瑞、零跑和上汽占净增量的约92%。比亚迪注册量翻倍多至20,845辆，奇瑞则增至约14,000辆的三倍。这部分增长主要来自插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）。
Chinese carmakers took almost all of the new volume. The European Union market grew by 30,720 vehicles in August, a year-on-year increase of 4.5 per cent, with BYD, Chery, Leapmotor and SAIC accounting for about 92 per cent of the net increase, based on ACEA figures. BYD’s registrations more than doubled to 20,845, while Chery’s tripled to about 14,000. Much of that growth came from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).
“现在每三辆PHEV中就有一辆是中国品牌，”数据提供商Dataforce分析师Julian Litzinger表示。其最新数据显示，中国品牌在欧洲PHEV注册量中的份额从1月的约20%攀升至8月的35.3%，是其在纯电动汽车市场份额的两倍多。
“Every third PHEV is Chinese now,” said Julian Litzinger, an analyst at data provider Dataforce. Its latest figures showed Chinese brands’ share of PHEV registrations climbing from about 20 per cent in January to 35.3 per cent in August across Europe, more than double their share of the battery-electric market.
自2024年10月起，欧盟对中国产纯电动汽车征收高达35.3%的反补贴税，而PHEV仅面临标准的10%关税。Litzinger表示，中国车企持续“加大押注”这一细分市场，“在欧洲锁定了创纪录的市场份额”。
Since October 2024, the EU has imposed anti-subsidy duties of up to 35.3 per cent on Chinese-built battery-electric cars, while PHEVs face only the standard 10 per cent tariff. Litzinger said Chinese carmakers had continued to “double down” on the segment, “securing a record market share in Europe”.
根据ACEA数据，PHEV需求在欧洲一些最大市场强劲增长，今年前八个月意大利注册量激增77.6%，西班牙增长33.9%，德国增长15.6%。比亚迪表示，其海狮07 EV（Seal U）在6月和7月成为德国最畅销的PHEV车型。
PHEV demand is booming in some of Europe’s biggest markets, with registrations in the first eight months of the year up 77.6 per cent in Italy, 33.9 per cent in Spain and 15.6 per cent in Germany, according to ACEA. BYD said its Seal U was Germany’s bestselling PHEV in June and July.
多家媒体报道称，布鲁塞尔在新一轮贸易谈判前推动北京限制混合动力汽车出口，要求中国自愿将中国产混合动力汽车在欧盟市场的份额限制在约15%。商务部于9月18日在北京表示，坚决反对“自愿”出口限制。与此同时，欧洲老牌制造商正在失去市场份额。
Multiple media reports have said Brussels has pushed Beijing to rein in hybrid exports ahead of a new round of trade talks, asking China to voluntarily cap Chinese-built hybrids at about 15 per cent of the EU market. The Ministry of Commerce said in Beijing on September 18 that it was firmly opposed to “voluntary” export restraints. Meanwhile, Europe’s established manufacturers are losing ground.
根据欧洲汽车制造商协会（ACEA）数据，五大欧洲制造商——大众、Stellantis、雷诺、宝马和梅赛德斯-奔驰——今年前八个月在欧盟的合计市场份额滑落至64.6%，低于去年同期的66.8%；而五大中国车企集团——比亚迪、上汽、奇瑞、零跑和吉利（其数据含沃尔沃）——的份额则从6.2%升至9.6%。
Based on ACEA figures, the five largest European manufacturers – Volkswagen, Stellantis, Renault, BMW and Mercedes-Benz – saw their combined EU market share slip to 64.6 per cent in the first eight months of the year, down from 66.8 per cent in the same period last year, while the five largest Chinese groups – BYD, SAIC, Chery, Leapmotor and Geely, whose figures include Volvo – lifted theirs to 9.6 per cent from 6.2 per cent.
大众集团仍是欧盟最大车企，但其8月注册量下降3.2%，市场份额从一年前的28%降至25.9%。本月，大众监事会批准再裁员5万人，此前已计划裁员5万人，因其面临美国关税、中国销售疲软及中国竞争对手竞争加剧的多重压力。
Volkswagen Group remained the EU’s largest carmaker, but its August registrations fell 3.2 per cent and its market share dropped to 25.9 per cent from 28 per cent a year earlier. This month, VW’s supervisory board approved 50,000 more job cuts, on top of 50,000 already planned, as it grapples with US tariffs, weaker sales in China and intensifying competition from Chinese rivals.
豪华品牌梅赛德斯-奔驰和宝马在欧盟销量相对稳定，注册量分别增长7.2%和0.8%。但两者均承认在中国内地市场失地，梅赛德斯上半年汽车销量同比下滑28%，宝马下滑20.4%。
Sales by premium marques Mercedes-Benz and BMW were relatively stable in the EU, with registrations up 7.2 per cent and 0.8 per cent respectively. But both have admitted to losing ground in mainland China, with Mercedes’ car sales down 28 per cent year on year in the first half of the year, and BMW’s down 20.4 per cent.
压力正在重塑德国汽车业的贸易立场。周四，德国《商报》报道称，长期被视为反对对华强硬措施的德国汽车工业协会（VDA），如今认为贸易防御工具“从一定程度的竞争扭曲来看”是合理的。
The pressure is reshaping the German automotive industry’s stance on trade. On Thursday, German business daily Handelsblatt reported that the Association of the Automotive Industry, long seen as a brake on tougher measures against China, now considered trade defence instruments justified “from a certain point of competitive distortion”.
但一些分析师怀疑关税能否遏制中国的发展势头。咨询公司Arthur D. Little的Philipp Seidel表示，欧盟关税和其他保护主义措施反而加速了中国融入欧洲汽车产业的进程，因为中国车企正日益实现生产本地化。
But some analysts doubt tariffs can slow China’s advance. EU tariffs and other protectionist measures had instead accelerated China’s integration into Europe’s car industry, Philipp Seidel, from the consultancy Arthur D. Little, said, as Chinese carmakers increasingly localised production.
他说，中国的优势源于一个涵盖从电池到供应链等各个环节、且具备快速开发周期的整合生态系统。
He said China’s strength came from an integrated ecosystem that spanned everything from batteries to supply chains and featured fast development cycles.
“贸易措施可以改变这种竞争力抵达欧洲的路径，但无法让竞争力本身消失，”Seidel说。
“Trade measures can change the route through which that competitiveness reaches Europe, but they do not make the competitiveness itself disappear,” Seidel said.