美国最高法院于周五重新启用了这个扩大的移民数据库。唐纳德·特朗普政府称该数据库旨在打击非公民的投票行为，但批评者认为这可能会剥夺符合条件的选民的投票权。
The U.S. Supreme Court revived on Friday an expanded immigration database that President Donald Trump's administration said aims to combat voting by noncitizens but critics contend could disenfranchise eligible voters.
最高法院批准了司法部的请求，阻止了一名法官的裁决——该裁决曾禁止各州官员使用社会保障号码等个人信息来核查选民的公民身份。
The justices granted the Justice Department's request to block a judge's order that had stopped state officials from using Social Security numbers and other information to conduct sweeping checks of the citizenship status ofed voters against federal records.
目前最高法院由6名保守派大法官和3名自由派大法官组成，保守派占多数。这3名自由派大法官对周五的裁决表示反对。
The court has a 6-3 conservative majority. Its three liberal justices dissented from Friday's order.
多数法官认为原告的主张站不住脚，因为联邦法律明确授权国土安全部向其他机构（包括社会保障管理局）请求并获取与公民身份和移民状况相关的信息。
The majority said the plaintiffs' arguments likely fail because federal law expressly authorizes the Department of Homeland Security to request and receive information relating to citizenship and immigration status from other agencies, including the Social Security Administration.
特朗普政府的这一数据共享举措，只是其一系列旨在加强联邦政府在选举事务中影响力的行动之一。这些行动发生在11月中期选举之前，届时特朗普所在的共和党人试图维持对国会的控制。根据美国宪法，各州拥有组织和管理选举的主要权力。
The administration's data-sharing arrangement is one in a series of actions boosting the federal government's involvement in voting ahead of November's midterm elections in which Trump's fellow Republicans seek to maintain control of Congress. The U.S. Constitution gives individual states the primary authority to run and administer elections.
去年，国土安全部对名为“Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements”（SAVE）的联邦数据库进行了重新设计，该数据库用于核实公民身份和移民状况。此次改版后，用户可以同时查询多条记录，并通过社会保障号码来查找相关信息。
The Department of Homeland Security last year redesigned a federal database known as the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements, or SAVE, used to verify a person's citizenship and immigration status. The revamp allowed users to search many records at a time and to conduct searches using individuals' Social Security numbers.
自那时起，多个由共和党主导的州已将本州的选民名单与该数据库进行了比对；一些被标记为潜在非公民的选民的选民资格已被取消。
Since then, several Republican-led states have compared their voter lists to the database, and some voters flagged as potential noncitizens have had their registrations canceled.
批评者指出，共和党人的这些选举相关举措更多是出于政治目的（即通过缩小选民范围来获取政治优势），而非真正关心选举安全。这种做法可能会剥夺那些倾向于民主党的合格选民的投票权。
Critics say such election-related actions by Republicans are driven less by concerns over election security than by an attempt to gain political advantage by narrowing the electorate, risking the disenfranchisement of eligible, often Democratic-leaning voters.
特朗普对移民问题采取了强硬政策，并作出了关于大规模选举舞弊的虚假声明，其中包括他在2020年大选中败给民主党前总统乔·拜登一事。
Trump has carried out hardline policies toward immigration and has made false claims of widespread voting fraud including in his 2020 election loss to Democratic former President Joe Biden.
起诉以阻止修订版SAVE系统的倡导组织表示，新方案导致一些被错误认定为非公民的人被从选民名册中移除。他们辩称，SAVE系统可能已过时，这意味着那些已归化为美国公民、因而有资格投票的移民，有时会被标记为非公民。
Advocacy groups that sued to block the revised SAVE system said that the new approach has resulted in people who were wrongfully identified as noncitizens being kicked off voter rolls. They have argued that SAVE can be outdated, meaning immigrants who have become naturalized US citizens and are thus eligible to vote are sometimes labeled as noncitizens.
该修订系统的总体错误率并未公开。当被问及此事时，美国国土安全部和司法部均未提供相关信息。
The modified system's overall error rate is not publicly known. The Department of Homeland Security and Justice Department did not provide that information when asked.
代表原告方的“华盛顿责任与伦理公民组织”称周五的裁决“令人深感失望”，并表示这使美国人“在中期选举前几周面临被政府不可靠的选民清洗数据库非法针对的风险”。
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, which represents the plaintiffs, called Friday's decision "profoundly disappointing," saying it puts Americans "at risk of being unlawfully targeted by the administration's unreliable voter purge database weeks before the midterm elections."
周五，凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊大法官发表了一份异议意见，她的两位自由派同事大法官也附议。杰克逊写道：“即使只是给少数合法选民增加负担或剥夺其选举权所造成的伤害，也超过了政府因被阻止采取其很可能无权采取的行动而遭受的并不存在的伤害。”在这些倡导组织提交给最高法院的文件中，他们引用了得克萨斯州特拉维斯县一位选举官员的说法，称该县系统中25%的非公民匹配结果涉及已证明其美国公民身份的人；此外，新闻报道发现，密苏里州圣路易斯县系统中至少81%的回应是错误的。
In a dissent on Friday that was joined by her two fellow liberal justices, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote that "the harm caused by burdening or disenfranchising even a few lawful voters outweighs the nonexistent harm that the government experiences when it is prevented from taking an action that it likely lacks the authority to take." In their Supreme Court filing, the advocacy groups cited a Travis County, Texas, election official who said 25% of the system's noncitizen matches there involved people who had already proven their US citizenship, and news reports finding that at least 81% of the system's responses in St. Louis County, Missouri, were erroneous.
投票权组织“妇女选民联盟”和隐私权组织“电子隐私信息中心”于2025年9月提起诉讼，以阻止特朗普政府修订后的系统。他们表示，此次改革违反了联邦隐私法及其他美国法律。
The voting rights group League of Women Voters and privacy rights group Electronic Privacy Information Center sued in September 2025 to block the Trump administration's modified system. They said that the revamp violated federal privacy and other U.S. laws.
在 6 月份的一项裁决中，华盛顿特区的美国地方法官斯帕克尔·苏克南南（Sparkle Sooknanan）阻止了该修订后的数据库的投入使用。她指出，该数据库的构建方式非常随意，其中包含的公民身份信息也不可靠。
In a June ruling blocking the revamped database, US District Judge Sparkle Sooknanan in Washington, D.C., said the system was haphazardly assembled and contained unreliable citizenship data.
苏克南南在裁决中写道：“总体而言，联邦政府故意侵犯了美国公民的隐私权，这种行为威胁到了公民的投票权这一神圣权利。法院绝不能对此坐视不理。”哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院于 9 月 4 日以 2 比 1 的投票结果驳回了苏克南南的裁决，这促使美国政府向最高法院提出上诉。
"All in all, the federal government has knowingly trampled on the privacy rights of American citizens in a manner that threatens the sacred right to vote," Sooknanan wrote. "This court cannot stand idly by while that happens." The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in a 2-1 ruling on September 4 declined to halt Sooknanan's ruling, prompting the administration's request to the Supreme Court.
在向最高法院提交的文件中，司法部的律师称法官的裁决“毫无道理”，并指出该裁决“会威胁到中期选举的公正性”。
In a Supreme Court filing, Justice Department lawyers called the judge's order "indefensible," arguing that it "threatens the integrity" of the midterm elections.
得克萨斯州作为支持政府的一方参与了此案的诉讼，对该数据库不可靠性的指控提出了异议。
Texas, which intervened in the case in support of the administration, has disputed claims that the system is unreliable.
由于佛罗里达州也发生了相关的诉讼，特朗普政府仍能够在由共和党控制的佛罗里达州、爱荷华州、印第安纳州和俄亥俄州继续使用其修改后的 SAVE 系统。
Due to separate litigation in Florida, the Trump administration has been able to continue using its modified SAVE system in the Republican-led states of Florida, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio