唐纳德·特朗普总统希望各州能够使用包含选民个人信息的联邦数据库，以核实选民名单中的非公民身份。
President Donald Trump wants to let states use a federal database that includes voters’ personal information to check for noncitizens on voter rolls.
最高法院周五表示，特朗普政府可以使用这个涵盖广泛信息的政府数据库（其中包括选民的社会安全号码等相关信息），来帮助州官员识别选民名单中的非公民。这一临时裁决意味着该数据库将在11月的中期选举中投入使用。不过，关于这一程序合法性的争议仍将在下级法院继续进行。
The Trump administration can use a wide-ranging government database that includes Social Security information to help state officials identify noncitizens on their voter lists, the Supreme Court said on Friday. The emergency ruling means the database will be in use for November’s midterm elections. But the fight over the procedure’s legality will continue in the lower courts.
在一份未署名的判决意见中，多数法官认为那些质疑该数据库使用方式的选民提出的主张“缺乏依据”。法院还指出，根据相关法律法规，“联邦政府有义务回应各州和地方选举官员要求核实选民公民身份的请求”。不过，法院中的三位自由派法官持不同意见。
In an unsigned opinion, the majority said the claims made by the voters who challenged the database’s use “likely lack merit.” The court added that, under laws covering the data, “the Federal Government has an obligation to respond to requests from state and local election officials seeking to verify the citizenship of voters.” The court’s three liberals dissented.
凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊大法官代表自由派法官写道：“法院仅关注如果不停止该程序政府可能遭受的损害，却忽视了这一修改后的制度已经对合法选民造成的、以及未来可能继续造成的伤害。因此，法院滥用了自身的司法权力。”
“The Court also focuses only on the harms the Government will purportedly suffer absent a stay, disregarding the harms that the modified … system has caused, and will likely continue to cause, to lawful voters,” Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote for the liberals in dissent. “The Court thus misuses its equitable powers.” The case is one of a flurry of election-related cases the high court has resolved less than two months before the critical Nov. 3 midterms.
这起案件只是最高法院在11月3日中期选举前不到两个月内处理的众多与选举相关的案件之一。在另一起备受关注的案件中，法官们阻止了特朗普政府试图对邮寄选票实施新限制的举措——这对这位经常毫无根据地指责邮寄投票存在欺诈行为的总统来说是一个重大打击。民主党和共和党控制的各州，以及众多选民权益组织都警告称，这些限制措施会剥夺选民的投票权，并扰乱全国的投票流程，从而导致混乱。
In the most high-profile case, the justices blocked the Trump administration’s efforts to impose sweeping new restrictions on mail-in ballots, a major blow to a president who has often complained without evidence that mail-in voting is rife with fraud. Democratic and Republican states, along with an array of voting groups, warned that the restrictions would cause chaos by disenfranchising voters and disrupting ballot delivery across the country.
最近几周，最高法院还阻止了密苏里州一项新的选区划分方案的生效；该方案本可能帮助共和党在众议院获得一个额外的席位。此外，最高法院还裁定：当政党与候选人协同购买电视广告时，他们可以获得更优惠的广告费用，这进一步有利于共和党——因为共和党的政党委员会在中期选举中的资金投入远高于民主党。
Also in recent weeks, the justices blocked a congressional map from taking effect in Missouri that probably would have helped the GOP gain an extra seat in the House. And they said political parties can get discounted TV ad rates when they buy in coordination with candidates, giving a boost to Republicans, whose party committees have far more money to spend in the midterms than those linked to Democrats.
最高法院的这一最新裁决，再次加入了那些在选举最后时刻作出的、具有重大影响的裁决行列。
The high court’s latest decision now joins that mix of 11th-hour rulings.
2025年3月，唐纳德·特朗普总统签署行政命令，要求建立一个新的联邦数据库，该数据库包含社会保障信息以及所有美国公民的出生记录。州选举官员可以利用这些信息对选民名单进行广泛核查。
In a March 2025 executive order, President Donald Trump ordered the creation of a federal database containing Social Security data and information on natural-born citizens that state election officials would be able to use in broad searches to verify their voter rolls.
该数据库是在美国国土安全部原有的“Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements”（SAVE）系统基础上建立的。此前，州和地方官员已经使用SAVE系统来核发许可证或福利，有时也用于验证选民的公民身份。不过，该系统原本仅包含有关非美国公民的信息，缺乏关于美国公民的出生记录和社会保障数据。
It expanded an existing database maintained by the Department of Homeland Security, called the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE). State and local officials have used the SAVE system to verify a person’s citizenship before handing out licenses and benefits, and also sometimes to verify voter eligibility. But the system was limited, without information on natural-born citizens or Social Security data.
作为原告的这些移民（他们已经获得了美国公民身份）认为，政府建立的这个新数据库超出了国会的授权范围，并且政府根本无法实现“准确、实时的”公民身份验证。他们在提交给最高法院的文件中指出：“政府草率地创建了这个充满错误的公民身份数据库，这威胁到了数百万美国人的隐私和投票权。”
The plaintiffs, immigrants who have obtained U.S. citizenship, challenged the administration’s creation of the enhanced database, saying that it exceeded what Congress had authorized and that the government does not have the ability to provide “accurate, real-time” verification of someone’s citizenship. The government acknowledged internally that the database could misidentify eligible voters as noncitizens and has an error rate of as high as 81 percent in some localities, the plaintiffs wrote in a filing with the Supreme Court.
这些原告在文件中写道：“政府的行为极其不负责任；这个数据库可能会将符合条件的选民误判为非公民，某些地区的错误率甚至高达81%。”
“The government has recklessly created an error-laden master citizenship database that endangers millions of Americans’ privacy and voting rights,” the groups wrote.
6月，华盛顿特区的一名联邦法官下令禁止使用该数据库，指出政府“随意收集并滥用数百万美国人的私人信息，其中包括那些已被证实不可靠的公民身份数据”。华盛顿特区的联邦上诉法院拒绝暂停这一禁令，因此政府本月向最高法院提出了上诉。
In June, a federal judge in D.C. blocked use of the database, writing that the administration “haphazardly combined and repurposed the private information of millions of Americans, including citizenship data that they knew to be unreliable.” The federal appeals court in D.C. declined to pause the ruling, prompting the administration’s appeal to the Supreme Court this month.
政府方面辩称，该数据库是验证选民资格以及各类州和联邦项目申请者是否符合条件的重要工具。司法部长D·约翰·索尔在向法院提交的文件中写道：“地方法院下达的这一裁决毫无道理，会威胁到即将举行的选举的公正性。”
The administration argued that the database was an effective tool to verify the eligibility ofed voters and benefits applicants under various state and federal programs. “The district court has issued an indefensible order that threatens the integrity of upcoming elections,” Solicitor General D. John Sauer wrote in a filing with the court.
作为本案的被告，得克萨斯州在提交的文件中指出，该数据库具有“革命性”的意义，并敦促最高法院批准其继续使用。得克萨斯州表示：“在地方法院的禁令实施后，该数据库的相关功能已被关闭，这使得克萨斯州能够更高效、更迅速、且以更低的成本来确保选民名单的准确性。”这仍是一个正在发展的事件，后续情况会持续更新。
The state of Texas, which the courts allowed to intervene as a defendant in the case, argued in a filing the database was “transformational” and urged the Supreme Court to clear its use. “The updates, now disabled following the district court’s order, allowed Texas to more efficiently, promptly, and economically ensure the accuracy of its voter rolls,” Texas wrote. This is a developing story. It will be updated.