伊拉克：美国撤军引发安全问题2026年9月29日，对巴格达的伊拉克政府而言，这一天标志着一个时代的终结。伊拉克总理阿里·扎伊迪在一份声明中表示：“10月1日将是伊拉克历史上的一个新起点——届时该国将彻底摆脱任何外国军队的存在，实现对其领土的主权控制。”
Iraq: US withdrawal leaves security questions September 29, 2026 For Iraq's government in Baghdad, September 30, 2026, marks the end of an era. "October 1 will be a new day in the course of the Iraqi state, with the country free of any foreign military presence and the completion of national sovereignty over its territory," Iraq's Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi said in a statement.
这一重要时刻将被定为“独立日”，并设立四个官方公共假期来庆祝。
The occasion will be celebrated as "Independence Day" with four official public holidays.
根据2024年达成的协议，美国将于周三前完成剩余2500名军队的撤离。此次撤军标志着以美国为首的“内在决心”（Inherent Resolve）军事行动的结束；该行动旨在打击当时正在伊拉克及邻国叙利亚境内扩张的伊斯兰国（ISIS）组织。
By Wednesday, the United States will have completed the withdrawal of its remaining 2,500 troops from Iraqi territory according to a 2024 agreement. Their departure concludes 12 years of the US-led Operation Inherent Resolve mission against the Islamic State group, or ISIS, which at the time was advancing across the country and in neighboring Syria.
美国的撤军也标志着美国在伊拉克长达二十多年的军事存在的终结。2003年美国入侵伊拉克后，美军曾于2011年撤离，后又于2014年重返伊拉克以打击伊斯兰国。此次撤军也是美国减少在中东地区军事存在的大战略的一部分。
The withdrawal also marks the end of more than two decades of US military involvement in Iraq. Following the US invasion in 2003, US forces withdrew in 2011 and returned in 2014 to fight the Islamic State group. The withdrawal also follows the broader US strategy of reducing its military presence in the Middle East.
然而，美国的撤军并不意味着所有外国军队都会从伊拉克撤离。尽管土耳其此前表示将逐步将位于伊拉克北部的一个军事基地移交给巴格达，但土耳其仍在该国驻有军队。
However, the US withdrawal does not mean an end to all foreign military deployments in Iraq. Turkey still has troops in Iraq, even though Ankara said earlier this week that it would gradually hand over a military base in northern Iraq to Baghdad.
伦敦智库查塔姆大厦（Chatham House）中东与北非项目副主任、伊拉克问题专家雷纳德·曼苏尔（Renad Mansour）告诉德国之声（DW）：“2024年，巴格达和华盛顿同意建立‘正常化关系’。对巴格达来说，其政治目标是明确表明伊拉克希望继续与美国保持盟友关系。”
"In 2024, Baghdad and Washington agreed to what they called a normalized relationship," Renad Mansour, deputy director for the Middle East and North Africa program and director of the Iraq Initiative at the London-based think tank Chatham House, told DW. "For Baghdad, the political aim will be now to make clear that Iraq wants to remain an ally of the US," he said.
在他看来，伊拉克总理阿里·扎伊迪担心：鉴于美国与以色列正在与伊朗交战，华盛顿可能会认为伊拉克及其得到伊朗支持的民兵组织与伊朗关系过于密切。
In his view, Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi is concerned that Washington could start viewing Iraq and its Iran-backed non-state militias as too close to Iran, given that the US and Israel are at war with Iran.
原文内容：巴格达延长了裁军期限最初，巴格达将美国军事任务的结束与伊拉克境内众多武装组织及民兵的裁军进程挂钩。该计划还包括将这些准军事组织置于政府控制之下。
Baghdad extends disarmament deadline Initially, Baghdad had linked the end of the US military mission to the disarmament of Iraq's numerous armed groups and militias. The plan also included bringing these paramilitary groups under state control.
伊拉克总理阿里·扎伊迪上周表示，新的裁军期限为2027年6月30日。修订后的计划规定：在90天内，这些武装组织必须停止发动攻击；作为交换，美国政府承诺不会针对它们；随后这些组织将逐步交出武器，整个过程应在2027年6月30日前完成。
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi said last week that the new deadline was June 30, 2027. The revised plan includes a 90-day period during which armed groups would refrain from attacks in exchange for assurances that US forces would not target them, followed by a gradual handover of weapons that is due to be completed by June 30, 2027.
然而，并非所有武装组织都会遵守这一计划——一些实力较强的武装组织拒绝裁军，或提出了可能延缓裁军进程的条件。
Yet not all armed groups are likely to follow this plan as several powerful armed groups have rejected disarmament or demanded conditions that could delay the process.
“态度最为强硬的武装组织——如‘真主党武装’（Kata’ib Hezbollah）、‘努贾巴运动’（Harakat al-Nujaba）和‘赛义德·舒哈达武装’（Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada）——至今仍未表示愿意将武器交给政府并融入伊拉克军队，”大西洋理事会中东项目下属的斯科克罗夫特中东安全倡议（Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative）的专家阿丽娜·L·罗曼诺夫斯基（Alina L. Romanowski）指出。
"The hardest-line armed groups — Kata'ib Hezbollah, Harakat al-Nujaba and Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada — have so far given no indication that they are prepared to surrender their weapons to the state and integrate into Iraq's armed forces," Alina L. Romanowski, distinguished fellow with the Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative at the Atlantic Council's Middle East program, said.
雷纳德·曼苏尔（Renad Mansour）对裁军期限的延长并不感到意外。自2003年4月美国入侵并推翻萨达姆·侯赛因以来，伊拉克的政治格局一直高度分裂。八年多的战争期间，ISIS曾一度崛起后又遭到打击；美国军队于2011年撤离，但随后又于2014年重新返回伊拉克。“许多政治势力都与武装组织有关联，因此短期内很难看到伊拉克安全局势发生根本性变化，”他预测：“即使到了明年，许多武装组织仍会继续独立于中央政府运作。”那么，这对伊拉克的少数民族来说意味着什么呢？
Renad Mansour told DW that he was not surprised by the extension of the deadline. Iraq's political landscape has been highly fragmented since the US invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein in April 2003. There have been more than eight years of war, the rise and fall of ISIS, and the US withdrawal in 2011 and return in 2014. "Many political movements are associated with armed organizations, so it is hard to see a revolution in the security sector happening any time soon," he told DW, predicting that "even next year, many armed groups will continue to remain free of the central government." What does this mean for Iraq's minorities?
美军的撤离还包括军事人员的离开，以及撤走位于伊拉克北部半自治区库尔德斯坦首府埃尔比勒的美国防空系统。库尔德总理马斯罗尔·巴尔扎尼已呼吁巴格达提供保护，以抵御来自伊朗的导弹和无人机袭击。自二月份美以与伊朗的冲突开始以来，伊拉克境内受伊朗支持的武装组织对埃尔比勒境内与美国有关目标的袭击呈上升趋势，与此同时，伊朗对伊拉克境内伊朗库尔德反对派组织基础设施的袭击也有所增加。
The withdrawal of US troops also includes the departure of military personnel and the removal of US air defense systems in Erbil, the capital of the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq. Kurdish Prime Minister Masrour Barzani has already called on Baghdad for protection against missile and drone attacks from Iran. Since the beginning of the US-Israeli war with Iran in February, attacks by Iraq's Iran-backed armed groups on US-linked targets in Erbil have been on the rise, while Iranian attacks on infrastructure belonging to Iranian Kurdish opposition groups in Iraq have also increased.
周一，埃尔比勒的库尔德官员表示，三架无人机袭击了一个隶属于伊朗库尔德反对派的营地。当地官员称这些无人机为伊朗制造，但此次袭击的责任方尚未得到独立证实。
On Monday, Kurdish officials in Erbil said that three drones targeted a camp affiliated with Iran's Kurdish opposition. Local officials said the drones were Iranian-made, but responsibility for the attack was not independently confirmed.
大西洋理事会伊拉克倡议非常驻高级研究员、美国大学全球库尔德和平倡议主任叶里温·赛义德担心，从2026年10月1日起，伊拉克脆弱的少数民族和宗教群体（如基督徒和雅兹迪人）以及库尔德社区可能会面临更大的风险。他说：“此次撤军标志着一个时代的结束，在这个时代里，外国军队曾为抵御中央和区域性的掠夺提供了缓冲。”
Yerevan Saeed, a nonresident senior fellow with the Iraq Initiative at the Atlantic Council and the director of the Global Kurdish Initiative for Peace at American University, is concerned that Iraq's vulnerable ethnic and religious minorities, such as Christians and Yazidis, as well as Kurdish communities, could be left more exposed from October 1, 2026, onward. "The withdrawal signals the end of an era in which foreign boots provided a buffer against central and regional predation," he said.
与此同时，查塔姆研究所的曼苏尔指出，美伊关系并不会在9月30日结束，而是会转向“其他领域，包括经济联系，而非仅仅维持以安全为重点的关系”。今年7月，美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯在会见伊拉克总理扎伊迪后表示，双方讨论了一个主权独立、稳定且强大的伊拉克将如何为互利互惠的商业和防务合作铺平道路。
Chatham House's Mansour, meanwhile, notes that US-Iraqi ties will not end on September 30, but rather shift toward "other arenas, including economic ties rather than having a security-focused relationship." In July, US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said after meeting with Iraqi Prime Minister al-Zaidi, that they had discussed how a sovereign, stable and strong Iraq would pave the way for mutually beneficial commercial and defense cooperation.
然而，在会后发表的声明中，赫格塞斯补充道：“建立正常的双边美伊防务关系，需要一个免受恐怖主义胁迫的安全环境。”编辑：安德烈亚斯·伊尔默（Andreas Illmer）
However, in the statement following the meeting, Hegseth added that "building a normal US-Iraq bilateral defense relationship requires a secure environment free from terrorist coercion." Edited by: Andreas Illmer