早安。您正在阅读《Up First》通讯。今日头条新闻 特朗普政府正在撤销针对新车的联邦燃油经济性标准。
Good morning. You're reading the Up First newsletter. Today's top stories The Trump administration is rolling back federal fuel-economy standards for new vehicles.
美国汽车制造商现在将被要求每年将其车队效率提高最多 1%，目标是到 2031 年达到平均 34.9 英里/加仑 —— 低于拜登时代设定的 50.4 英里/加仑的目标。2 月 13 日，车辆在洛杉矶 405 号州际公路上行驶。
American automakers will now be required to improve the efficiency of their fleets by up to 1% a year, aiming for an average of 34.9 miles per gallon by 2031 — down from the Biden-era target of 50.4 mpg. Traffic moves along the 405 Freeway on Feb. 13 in Los Angeles.
Apu Gomes/Getty Images 汽车制造商称赞新标准，称其更能反映当前的市场需求。美国国家公共电台（NPR）记者 Willa Rubin 告诉《Up First》，批评者警告称，较低的燃油效率可能会增加长期燃油成本和污染，而美国汽车制造商也面临在加速向电动汽车转型的市场中落后于竞争对手的风险。下一则新闻涉及性暴力。
Apu Gomes/Getty Images Automakers praised the new standards, saying they better reflect current market demand. NPR's Willa Rubin tells Up First that critics warn lower fuel efficiency could raise long-term fuel costs and pollution, while U.S. automakers also risk falling behind competitors in markets moving faster toward electric vehicles. The next story describes sexual violence.
纽约检方正在重启一起涉及康奈尔大学学生的 2024 年涉嫌强奸案。
New York prosecutors are reopening a 2024 alleged rape case involving Cornell University students.
一名自称“简·多伊”的女子在新提起的诉讼中称，2024 年 10 月，多名男子在 Chi Phi 兄弟会会所给她下药并强奸了她。康奈尔大学为其应对措施进行了辩护，称进行了长达数月的《教育法修正案第九条》（Title IX）调查。当时未提出刑事指控。
A woman identified as Jane Doe says in a new lawsuit that multiple men drugged and raped her at the Chi Phi fraternity house in October 2024. Cornell has defended its response saying it conducted a months-long Title IX investigation. No criminal charges were filed at the time.
NPR 记者 Brian Mann 表示，康奈尔大学对该案的处理引发了新的审视。校园警方调查了这些指控，但当地警方称他们从未被告知。学生和应届毕业生告诉 NPR，他们仍对性暴力和校园安全感到担忧。
NPR's Brian Mann says that Cornell's handling of the case drawn renewed scrutiny Campus police investigated the allegations, but local police say they were never notified. Students and recent graduates told NPR they remain concerned about sexual violence and campus safety.
五名英国男子因涉嫌恐怖犯罪在军事基地附近被拘留后获保释。该英国基地被美军用于对伊朗实施打击。特朗普总统质疑为何释放这些男子。
Five British men have been released on bail after being detained near a military base for alleged terror offenses. The British base is used by the U.S. military for strikes on Iran. President Trump has questioned why the men were released.
NPR的劳伦·弗雷尔（Lauren Frayer）报道称，英国反恐官员仍在努力查明这些人为何出现在基地附近，以及他们是否在知情或不知情的情况下充当了外国势力的代理人。伊朗否认与此事有关。英国官员敦促公众不要进行猜测。顺便一提，弗雷尔指出，当地居民称该地区曾发生过柴油和化肥失窃事件，这与伊朗战争导致的物价上涨有关。
NPR's Lauren Frayer reports that British counterterrorism officials are still trying to determine why the men were near the base and whether they may have been acting as proxies for a foreign state, knowingly or unknowingly. Iran denies involvement. British officials are urging the public not to speculate Incidentally, Frayer notes that this is an area where residents say there have been thefts of diesel fuel and fertilizer, which is linked to the war with Iran pushing up prices.
随着外界对美国在该地区安全存在感的质疑日益增加，土耳其正寻求在中东发挥更大的作用。安卡拉正在扩大其军事和政治影响力，但经济压力和与以色列日益紧张的关系可能会限制这些雄心。叙利亚也成为了一个关键的考验，随着以色列抵制土耳其不断扩大的影响力，土耳其在叙利亚的重建和安全方面正发挥着越来越大的作用。
Turkey is positioning itself for a bigger role in the Middle East as questions grow about the U.S. security footprint in the region. Ankara is expanding its military and political reach, but economic pressures and rising tensions with Israel could limit those ambitions. Syria has also become a key test, with Turkey playing a growing role in reconstruction and security as Israel pushes back against its expanding influence.
今日收听：记者埃文·格什科维奇（Evan Gershkovich）于8月1日周四抵达美国马里兰州安德鲁斯联合基地。
Today's listen Journalist Evan Gershkovich arrives at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, US, on Thursday, Aug 1.
Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images 《华尔街日报》记者埃文·格什科维奇在俄罗斯报道时因间谍罪被捕，从而成为了新闻焦点。他在入狱16个月后被定罪，随后在一次囚犯交换中获释。格什科维奇告诉NPR的莱拉·法德尔（Leila Fadel），他转向了自己最擅长的事情：倾听、观察和写作。他的狱中日记成为了他回忆录《这片被诅咒的美丽土地：一个俄裔美国人的故事》（This Cursed Beautiful Land: A Russian-American Story）的核心。
Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich became the story when Russia arrested him on espionage charges while he was reporting. He spent 16 months in prison before being convicted and released in a prisoner swap Gershkovich tells NPR's Leila Fadel that he turned to what he knew: listening, observing and writing. His prison journals became the backbone of his memoir, This Cursed Beautiful Land: A Russian-American Story He also reflects on the strange reversal of being a journalist accustomed to observing others — and suddenly becoming the person everyone was watching.
他还反思了这种奇特的角色转换：作为一名习惯于观察他人的记者，他突然变成了所有人关注的对象。点击此处收听完整采访。幕后故事：彼得·奥多德（Peter O'Dowd），《Here & Now》主持人兼记者。一块从阿拉斯加州朱诺市门登霍尔冰川上脱落的大型冰块。
Peter O'Dowd/Here & Now 每年夏天，阿拉斯加州朱诺市都会如期发生洪水。
Listen to the full interview here Behind the story Peter O'Dowd Here & Now 's host-correspondent A large piece of ice that broke off the Mendenhall glacier in Juneau, Alaska. Peter O'Dowd/Here & Now A flood happens like clockwork every summer in Juneau, Alaska. When the weather warms up, a reservoir in the mountains above the city fills with billions of gallons of melted ice and eventually breaks past the glacial dam holding it back.
当天气转暖时，城市上方山间的一座水库会积满数十亿加仑的融冰，并最终冲破阻挡它的冰川大坝。
Even though I'm based in Arizona, I've been watching from afar every year since 2023, when the glacial outburst flood ripped houses into the raging Mendenhall River.
尽管我身处亚利桑那州，但自2023年以来，我每年都在密切关注这一情况。那一年，冰川溃决洪水将房屋卷入了汹涌的门登霍尔河（Mendenhall River）。这个故事对我而言意义非凡，我的岳父母就住在朱诺（Juneau），而且正处于洪水易发区。
The story is personal. My in-laws are from Juneau, and they live in the floodzone. That's why it felt like it was time to bring 's climate-solutions project, Reverse Course to the last frontier.
正因如此，我觉得是时候将我们的气候解决方案项目“逆转航向”（Reverse Course）带到这片最后的边疆了。虽然气候变化正在威胁全球各地的生命和生计，但美国没有任何一个州比阿拉斯加变暖的速度更快。
While climate change is threatening lives and livelihoods around the globe, no state in the country has warmed faster than Alaska. Along with fellow climate journalist Chris Bentley, we boarded small planes, ferries and helicopters to get a close-up view of the risks facing the state.
我和气候记者同事克里斯·本特利（Chris Bentley）一起，搭乘小型飞机、渡轮和直升机，近距离观察了该州面临的风险。克里斯走访了克卢克万（Klukwan）奇尔卡特印第安部落（Chilkat Indian Village）的居民，他们正致力于建立一套针对强降雨引发山体滑坡的预警系统；而我则采访了朱诺的居民，他们正争分夺秒地保护城市，以抵御可能持续20年甚至更久的冰川洪水。
Chris met people from the Chilkat Indian Village in Klukwan who are working to create a warning system for landslides triggered by heavy rain; and I spoke with Juneau residents racing to protect the city from glacial floods that are likely to last another 20 years, or more.
值得庆幸的是，今年夏天，我岳父母的房子和朱诺的其他地区都安然无恙。
Thankfully, this summer, my in-law's house and the rest of Juneau stayed dry.
但在我们离开该镇约两周后，一场由冰川崩塌引发的山体滑坡席卷了尼泊尔和西藏的山区村庄。虽然其破坏规模远超阿拉斯加所经历的一切，但根本事实依然存在：变暖的地球正在使世界各地的冰盖变得不稳定。这些危险正离我们越来越近。
But about two weeks after we left town, a landslide triggered by a collapsing glacier ripped through mountain villages in Nepal and Tibet. While the scale of the devastation was beyond anything experienced in Alaska, the underlying truth remains: A warming planet is destabilizing ice sheets around the world. The hazards are getting closer to home.
出发前需要了解的3件事：在韦拉克鲁斯（Veracruz）的“凡丹戈”（fandango）聚会上，贾拉纳（Jarana）琴手们加入了一场大型即兴演奏，舞者们则在木制舞台（tarima）上用脚后跟敲击出节奏。
3 things to know before you go Jarana players join a mass jam session at a Veracruz fandango while the dancers pound out rhythms with their heels on the wooden tarima.
美国国家公共电台（NPR）的约翰·伯内特（John Burnett）报道：一项拥有300年历史的墨西哥音乐传统正通过热闹的“凡丹戈”聚会传播到世界各地，人们聚集在一起演奏、歌唱和跳舞。在韦拉克鲁斯，人们每小时仍会演奏《拉班巴》（La Bamba）。
John Burnett for NPR A 300-year-old Mexican musical tradition is spreading worldwide with lively fandangos where people gather to play, sing and dance. In Veracruz, "La Bamba" is still played every hour.
Oura是一家以睡眠和心率追踪闻名的智能戒指制造商，本周将通过首次公开募股上市，公司估值可能达到约150亿美元。
Oura, the smart-ring maker known for tracking sleep and heart rate, is set to go public this week in an IPO that could value the company at about $15 billion.
SpaceX的星舰高171英尺，首次绕地球飞行一周，完成了这一重大里程碑，但因发动机出现问题导致试飞提前结束，本次试飞被迫提前返航。本新闻简报由马吉德·阿尔-瓦希迪编辑，苏珊·纽延供稿。
SpaceX's 171-foot Starship circled Earth for the first time a major milestone, but returned early after engine problems cut the test flight short. This newsletter was edited by Majd Al-Waheidi Suzanne Nuyen contributed.