2026年7月31日，在也门萨那举行的一场反沙特阿拉伯的集会上，胡塞武装分子举着一张展示胡塞导弹的横幅（ 。
2026年9月29日，也门得到国际承认的、由沙特阿拉伯支持的政府指控：在伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队（IRGC）的协助下，胡塞武装将伊朗制造的防空武器改造成了具备巡航能力的导弹。
Houthi activists stand in front of a banner depicting Houthi missiles at an anti-Saudi Arabia rally in Sanaa, Yemen, on July 31, 2026 [Khaled Abdullah/Reuters] Yashraj Sharma Published On 29 Sep 2026 29 Sep 2026 Yemen’s internationally recognised, Saudi-backed government has alleged that the Tehran-backed Houthis have modified Iranian air defence weapons into loitering cruise missiles with the assistance of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
也门政府警告称，这些导弹依靠热追踪系统进行攻击，实际上威胁到了也门境内的民用航空活动以及红海地区的安全。
The Yemeni government has warned that the capability of such missiles – which operate on a heat-tracking system, it alleged – in practice threatens civilian air traffic over Yemen and the crucial Red Sea.
与此同时，胡塞武装在与也门政府军交战的同时，加大了对沙特阿拉伯的攻击力度。周四，沙特方面表示拦截了六枚针对沙特西部城市泰夫（Taif）及红海沿岸港口城市延布（Yanbu）的弹道导弹。
Meanwhile, the Houthis have ramped up attacks on Saudi Arabia as they fight Yemeni government forces. On Thursday, Riyadh said it intercepted six ballistic missiles aimed at Taif in western Saudi Arabia and the Yanbu port area on the Red Sea.
胡塞武装还宣称他们袭击了沙特首都利雅得的一个“敏感目标”，以及位于延布的沙特阿美公司（Saudi Aramco）设施。胡塞武装发言人雅赫亚·萨里（Yahya Saree）表示，他们在这些行动中使用了弹道导弹、巡航导弹以及无人机。
The Houthis also said they attacked “a sensitive target” in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, and Saudi Aramco facilities in Yanbu. Houthi military spokesman Yahya Saree said the group used ballistic and cruise missiles as well as drones in the two operations.
自2014年以来，胡塞武装一直与也门政府及由沙特领导的阿拉伯国家联盟处于公开冲突状态；直到2022年联合国促成停火协议达成。然而最近几周，冲突再次爆发——胡塞武装控制了也门的红海沿岸地区，以及具有战略意义的摩卡（Mocha）城和位于红海入口处的马尤恩岛（Mayyun Island）。
The Houthis were in open conflict with Yemen’s government and a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states from 2014 until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire was declared in 2022, but fighting has reignited in recent weeks with the Houthis taking the Red Sea coast of Yemen along with the strategically important city of Mocha and Mayyun Island in the Bab al-Mandeb strait at the southern entrance to the Red Sea.
今年7月，该武装组织宣布对沙特阿拉伯在红海地区的海上交通实施封锁，这实际上将这场冲突扩展到了美国和以色列针对伊朗的军事行动的另一个战场。
In July, the armed group declared a naval blockade against Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea, essentially opening yet another theatre in the US-Israel war on Iran.
自战争期间关键的霍尔木兹海峡关闭以来，红海已成为该地区最大石油出口国沙特阿拉伯至关重要的替代出口路线。其东西向输油管道将石油从东部油田输送至西部的延布港，该管道在本月遭受无人机袭击受损后，目前才刚刚恢复运营。那么，胡塞武装最新的导弹能力对该地区意味着什么？也门政府对此有何表态？
Since the closure of the critical Strait of Hormuz during the war, the Red Sea has become a vital alternative export route for the region’s biggest oil player, Saudi Arabia. Its East-West Pipeline which carries oil from its eastern oilfields to the western port of Yanbu is only just restarting operations after damage inflicted by a drone attack this month. So what do the Houthis’ latest missile capabilities mean for the region? What has the Yemeni government said?
也门政府军发言人马吉德·纳齐利准将表示，胡塞武装正在使用伊朗制造的防空武器，这对所有飞行器都构成了威胁。
Brigadier General Majed al-Nazili, spokesperson for the Yemeni government forces, said the Houthis are using Iranian air defence weapons that pose a danger to all aircraft.
纳齐利称，这些武器在伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队专家的协助下进行了改装，目前正被用于打击飞机和巡航导弹。
Al-Nazili said the weapons have been modified with the assistance of IRGC experts and are being used to strike aircraft and cruise missiles.
他在一份声明中表示：“这些导弹每枚的巡航时间长达25分钟，采用热追踪系统，会攻击任何热源，且无法区分军事目标还是民用目标。”
“These missiles move around for a period of up to 25 minutes per missile and operate using a thermal-tracking system and attack any heat source without the ability to distinguish between military or civilian targets,” he said in a statement.
纳齐利补充道：“这对民用航空安全和乘客生命构成了直接且严重的威胁。”为什么也门政府认为地区领空正受到威胁？
“This constitutes a direct and serious threat to the safety of civil aviation and the lives of passengers,” al-Nazili added. Why does Yemen’s government think regional airspace is under threat?
纳齐利指出，经由也门及该地区上空航线飞行的联合国或人道主义组织飞机可能面临危险。
Al-Nazili noted that aircraft belonging to the United Nations or humanitarian organisations travelling via air routes over Yemen and the region could potentially be in danger.
他表示：“威胁红海南部上空并将该区域变成民用飞机和乘客的危险区，这种升级行为的影响已超出了也门领空安全的范畴。”
“Threatening the airspace over the southern Red Sea and turning it into a danger zone for civilian aircraft and passengers represents an escalation that goes beyond the scope of Yemeni airspace safety alone,” he said.
阿尔-纳齐利还表示，“这种危险的升级恰逢”伊朗官员发出威胁之际，其中包括伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书穆赫辛·雷扎伊。在美国制裁伊朗航空公司后，雷扎伊曾威胁要针对该地区的航空服务采取行动。雷扎伊最初警告称，如果地区机场加入美国对伊朗航空业的限制，它们可能会失去航班。两天后，他的办公室澄清说，德黑兰并不打算因这些限制而进行军事报复，尽管它表示仍可能针对特定机场采取非军事反制措施。
Al-Nazili also said “this dangerous escalation coincides with the threats” by Iranian officials, including Mohsen Rezaei, the secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, to target aviation services in the region after the US sanctioned Iranian airlines Rezaei had initially warned that regional airports could lose flights if they joined US restrictions on Iranian aviation. Two days later, his office later clarified that Tehran was not planning military retaliation over the restrictions although it said nonmilitary countermeasures against specific airports remained possible.
阿尔-纳齐利说：“从也门领土使用伊朗武器对国际空中航线构成了直接威胁，不能被视为纯粹的也门国内问题。”他呼吁国际当局采取“紧急和果断的行动”。
Using “Iranian weapons from Yemeni territory poses a direct threat to international air navigation routes and cannot be considered a purely domestic Yemeni issue,” al-Nazili said, calling on international authorities to take “urgent and decisive action”.
在德黑兰，摩托车驶过伊朗导弹和展示最高领袖莫杰塔巴·哈梅内伊（中）以及在以色列和美国袭击中丧生的军事指挥官和核科学家的横幅 [瓦希德·萨莱米/美联社] 胡塞武装是否改装了伊朗的武器系统？
Motorbikes in Tehran drive past Iranian missiles and banners showing portraits of Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, centre, and military commanders and nuclear scientists killed in Israeli and US strikes [Vahid Salemi/AP] Have the Houthis modified Iranian weapons systems?
意大利国际政治研究所高级研究员埃莱奥诺拉·阿尔德马尼告诉半岛电视台，虽然没有确凿证据表明胡塞武装改装了伊朗的防空系统，但“一系列迹象表明不能排除这种可能性”。她说：“胡塞武装经常证明，尽管处于战争状态，他们仍有能力进行创新，因此威胁能力的演变对于该组织来说是一个常态。”
Eleonora Ardemagni, a senior associate research fellow at the Italian Institute for International Political Studies, told Al Jazeera that while there is no conclusive evidence that the Houthis have modified an Iranian air defence system, “a series of things suggest this can’t be ruled out.”“The Houthis have often demonstrated to be able to innovate despite the warfighting scenario, so the evolution of threat capabilities is a constant for the group,” she said.
阿德马尼表示，多年的研究已经证实，“胡塞武装并非直接从伊朗接收组装好的导弹，而是接收伊朗制造的零部件进行组装，因此他们在武器组装方面拥有相当丰富的专业知识。”她提到了2025年6月发生的一起事件：据美国中央司令部称，由塔里克·萨利赫领导的也门政府军“全国抵抗力量”截获了一批运往胡塞武装的750吨武器和军事装备，其中包括数百枚先进的巡航导弹、反舰导弹和防空导弹。
Ardemagni said years of research have established that “the Houthis don’t receive assembled missiles from Iran but Iranian-origin components to be assembled, so they have significant expertise in assembling weapons.”She referred to an incident in June 2025 when the Yemeni government-aligned National Resistance Forces, led by Tareq Saleh, seized a 750-tonne shipment of weapons and military equipment bound for the Houthis, including hundreds of advanced cruise, antiship and anti-aircraft missiles, according to the US military’s Central Command.
今年7月，包括路透社在内的多家媒体报道称，一架飞往胡塞武装控制的也门首都萨那的伊朗马汉航空航班上载有伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队的指挥官、军事顾问和武器。半岛电视台无法独立核实该报道。阿德马尼告诉半岛电视台：“这架飞机最终被迫降落在胡塞武装控制的荷台达省，而也门政府现在称，胡塞武装正是从该省发射巡航导弹的。”
In July this year, several media reports, including from the Reuters news agency said an Iranian Mahan Air flight directed to Yemen’s Houthi-held capital, Sanaa, was carrying IRGC commanders, military advisers and weapons. Al Jazeera could not independently verify this report. “The flight was forced to land in Houthi-controlled Hodeidah at last, the same governorate from which the Yemeni government now states the Houthis would launch cruise missiles,” Ardemagni told Al Jazeera.
也门军事和战略分析师穆罕默德·库迈姆准将表示，胡塞武装已不再满足于使用伊朗的弹道导弹和无人机，而是开始采用基于“巡飞”巡航导弹的先进防空技术。
Brigadier General Mohammed Al-Kumaim, a Yemeni military and strategic analyst, said the Houthis are no longer content with using Iranian ballistic missiles and drones but have begun employing advanced air defence technologies based on “loitering” cruise missiles.
库迈姆指出，这些导弹可以在空中停留长达25分钟，通过目标的电热辐射追踪其飞行路径。
Al-Kumaim noted that these missiles can remain in the air for up to 25 minutes, tracking the flight path of targets from their electrothermal emissions.
也门军事和战略专家阿里·达哈布告诉半岛电视台，这些巡飞弹药的影响在于对空中任何移动物体构成了“永久性威胁”，这可能会暂时限制军事空中行动。
Yemeni military and strategic expert Ali Al-Dhahab told Al Jazeera that the effect of these loitering munition projectiles is to create a “permanent threat” to any moving object in the air, which could temporarily restrict military air movements.
人工智能巨头Anthropic也发现，也门北部存在一个据称与胡塞武装有关联的武器开发小组，该小组利用其Claude人工智能为制导火箭和多个导弹项目开发了制导、导航和控制软件。胡塞武装已知的导弹能力有哪些？
AI giant Anthropic has also identified a weapons-development cell in northern Yemen reportedly linked to the Houthis that used its Claude AI to develop guidance, navigation and control software for a guided rocket and several missile programmes. What are the Houthis’ known missile capabilities?
胡塞武装拥有多层次的导弹力量，涵盖短程和中程弹道导弹、反舰巡航导弹以及改装的地对空导弹。
The Houthis have a multilayered missile force, ranging from short- and medium-range ballistic missiles to antiship cruise missiles and modified surface-to-air missiles.
对该武装组织武器库的研究表明，与其在2014年攻占萨那时缴获的也门军方库存相比，其导弹力量已发生重大变化。这些库存包括苏联和中国设计的导弹，而胡塞武装后来还引入了伊朗设计的导弹。根据胡塞武装近期的表态，目前已知的其导弹库情况如下：巴勒斯坦-2：胡塞武装公布的一种两级固体燃料导弹，并声称该导弹属于高超声速导弹，射程超过2,000公里（1,245英里）。
Research into the armed group’s arsenal suggested it has evolved substantially from the inherited Yemeni military stockpiles it seized when it took Sanaa in 2014, including Soviet- and Chinese-designed missiles, and has incorporated Iranian-designed missiles. Here is what we know the Houthis have in their missile arsenal, based on their recent statements: Palestine-2: a two-stage, solid-fuel missile unveiled by the group that the Houthis claim is hypersonic with a range exceeding 2,000km (1,245 miles)
图凡：胡塞武装的一种远程导弹系统，预计射程为1,350公里至1,950公里（840至1,210英里）。国际战略研究所评估称，图凡似乎是伊朗“加德尔”导弹的改名版本。布尔坎系列：以伊朗设计为基础的短程至中程弹道导弹。古德斯系列：胡塞武装发言人在袭击该地区石油和经济设施后多次提及的巡航导弹。较早型号装备：胡塞武装过去拥有或改装过多种较老型号的导弹，包括飞毛腿-B/-C、托奇卡和卡赫尔-1弹道导弹，以及C-802反舰巡航导弹。这对红海和也门战争意味着什么？
Toufan: one of their long-range systems, said to have an estimated range of 1,350km to 1,950km (840 to 1,210 miles). An International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) assessment said the Toufan appeared to be a rebranded Iranian Ghadr. Burkan series: short- to medium-range ballistic missiles based on Iranian designs Quds series: cruise missiles cited by Houthi spokespeople after strikes on oil and economic facilities in the region Older inventory: The Houthis have historically possessed or modified older variants of missiles that include the Scud-B/-C, Tochka and Qaher-1 ballistic missiles as well as C-802 antiship cruise missiles. What does this mean for the Red Sea and the Yemen war?
就地区航空业而言，战略航空研究公司首席分析师萨杰·艾哈迈德告诉半岛电视台：“至关重要的是，也门周边的空中交通几乎为零，因此客机意外遭遇威胁的可能性有所降低。”不过，艾因此，艾哈迈德表示，胡塞武装的威胁给沙特带来了“一个巨大的困境，他们非常不愿关闭领空，但同样也意识到在导弹来袭时允许空中交通往来的风险”。
As far as the regional aviation sector is concerned, Saj Ahmad, chief analyst at StrategicAero Research, told Al Jazeera that “critically, air traffic around Yemen is almost nil, and that reduces the propensity of inadvertent threats to passenger airplanes.”However, “these same missiles are being launched northwards into Saudi Arabia, where there is commercial traffic,” Ahmad added. That Houthi threat, therefore, poses “a huge dilemma for the Saudis, who will be very reluctant to close off airspace but equally be mindful of the risks of allowing air traffic through when missiles are inbound”, Ahmad said.
他补充说，胡塞武装已经“证明了他们可以打击远距离目标。去年在特拉维夫机场附近的袭击就是一个例子。”当在关键的曼德海峡背景下分析胡塞武装的武器库时，艾哈迈德说：“胡塞武装军火库中的任何导弹都可以轻易地在更狭窄的水道上随意摧毁船只。”
He added that the Houthis have “demonstrated that they can hit targets at distance. The attack near Tel Aviv airport last year is but one example.”When the Houthis’ arsenal is analysed in the context of the crucial Bab al-Mandeb strait, “any missiles that the Houthis have in their armoury can easily decimate ships at will on a much narrower waterway,” Ahmad said.
也门军事战略家阿尔-库迈姆表示，这些所谓新型导弹的引入“为红海以南的军事行动区域增加了一种新的能力”，并且是伊朗向地区领空和能源供应链施压的更广泛战略的一部分。
Yemeni military strategist Al-Kumaim said the introduction of these supposedly new missiles “adds another capability to the military operations theatre south of the Red Sea” and is part of a broader Iranian strategy to exert pressure on regional airspace and energy supply chains.
分析人士阿尔德马尼指出，鉴于也门战争重燃以来，也门政府和沙特在地区和国际盟友方面正经历着“孤独感”，他们“有兴趣尽可能地为地区安全敲响警钟”。
Analyst Ardemagni noted that Yemen’s government and Saudi Arabia “have an interest in raising the alarm bell for regional security as much as possible given the current ‘loneliness’, in terms of regional and international allies they are experiencing since the Yemen war has reignited”.
她补充说，如果新型巡航导弹得到证实，“这无疑将有助于重新设计红海的平衡，使其向非国家武装行为体倾斜。”
She added that if new cruise missiles are demonstrated, “it would certainly contribute to redesigning Red Sea balances in favour of nonstate armed actors.”aj-logo