特朗普政府周一向最高法院“影子案卷”提交了第41份申请，这一里程碑数字与其首个任期内提交的请愿书总数持平——而这仅用了不到两年时间。
President Trump's administration on Monday filed its 41st application to the Supreme Court's shadow docket a milestone that matches the total number of petitions it filed during his entire first term — in less than two years.
为何重要：这一纪录凸显了总统多么频繁地求助于最高法院，以获取临时恢复被下级法院叫停政策的权力。
Why it matters: The record highlights how often the president has turned to SCOTUS to secure authority to temporarily revive policies blocked by lower courts.
各方观点：“我们从未见过一个政府以这种速度和数量奔赴最高法院，就像我们在本届特朗普政府身上看到的那样，”布伦南司法中心科尔伯格中心主任斯蒂芬·斯波尔丁告诉Axios。
What they're saying: "We have never seen an administration run to the Supreme Court with the speed and numbers that we're seeing out of the Trump administration this term," Stephen Spaulding, managing director of the Kohlberg Center at the Brennan Center for Justice, tells Axios.
- “请记住，影子案卷、紧急案卷的设立和使用初衷是为了应对真正的紧急情况，”他说。
• "Keep in mind that the shadow docket, the emergency docket, is used and should be used for actual emergencies," he says.
- “政府持续声称将面临无法挽回的损害，并称这属于最高法院审理的适当紧急情况，这让我们不得不质疑法院最初为何要动用影子案卷。”
• "The administration continues to claim that they're going to face irreparable harm, and that this is an appropriate emergency for the Supreme Court to review, which we think, calls into question how the court's using the shadow docket in the first place."
另一方观点：“特朗普总统面临的由激进下级法院法官发出的禁令数量在历史上前所未有，”白宫发言人劳伦·比斯通过电子邮件告诉Axios。
The other side: "President Trump has faced a historically unprecedented number of injunctions by activist lower court judges," Lauren Bis, a White House spokeswoman, emailed Axios.
- “现实是，政府在最高法院取得了20多次胜利，其政策一贯被认定为合法。特朗普总统不会停止推行他当选时承诺的‘美国优先’议程。”
• "The reality is, with well over 20 Supreme Court victories the Administration's policies have been consistently upheld as lawful. President Trump will not stop implementing the America First agenda that he was elected on."
运作机制：紧急案卷（即影子案卷）允许当事人在案件完成常规上诉程序前，寻求最高法院的快速介入。
How it works: The emergency, or shadow, docket lets parties seek expedited Supreme Court intervention before a case completes the ordinary appeals process.
- 例如，法院可以暂停下级法院的禁令，允许政策在诉讼期间生效。
• The court can, for example, pause a lower court's injunction and allow a policy to take effect while litigation continues.
- 这些命令通常未署名且不附理由，增加了下级法院法官将其适用于未来案件的难度。
• The orders are often issued unsigned and without explanation, complicating how lower court judges apply the orders to future cases.
数据说话：特朗普第二届政府周一提交了第41份紧急申请。
关键数据：
By the numbers: The second Trump administration filed its 41st emergency application Monday.
拜登政府在四年期间共提出了19项请求。
• The Biden administration made 19 requests over four years.
奥巴马政府和乔治·W·布什政府在总共16年的执政期间共提出了8项请求；其中奥巴马政府提出了3项请求，布什政府提出了5项请求。
• The Obama and George W. Bush administrations made eight requests over their combined 16 years in office. • Obama made three, and Bush made five.
新闻要点：
Driving the news:
第41项请求要求法院允许监狱管理部门重新实施一项政策，该政策旨在取消对跨性别囚犯提供的某些性别认同相关医疗服务。
The 41st application asked the court to allow the Bureau of Prisons to reimplement a policy cutting off some gender-affirming care for incarcerated transgender people.
美国地方法官罗伊斯·兰伯斯（Royce Lamberth）是里根政府任命的法官，他上个月下令政府在针对特朗普2025年颁布的一项行政命令及其后续监狱管理政策的诉讼尚未审结期间，继续为患有性别焦虑症的囚犯提供相关医疗服务。
• U.S. District Judge Royce Lamberth, a Reagan appointee, ordered the administration last month to continue providing care to people with gender dysphoria while a challenge to one of Trump's 2025 executive orders and a subsequent Bureau of Prisons policy plays out.
深入分析：斯波尔丁（Spaulding）指出，法官行使权力的主要方式是“解释自己的裁决理由”。然而，他批评最高法院经常不公开解释自己的裁决依据，因此无法真正履行法院的职责。相比之下，下级法院的法官会花时间仔细审查诉讼文件，认真评估当事人的诉求。
Zoom in: Spaulding says judges' "primary tool by which they wield power" is to "explain themselves" and why they ruled a certain way. • They "explain their rationale, explain their judgment, and what we've seen time and time again on the shadow docket is, in many cases, the court doesn't explain itself, and as such, is not really acting like a court." • Spaulding contrasts that with lower court judges who "have taken the time to really consider the briefs.
法官批评：大法官凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊（Ketanji Brown Jackson）和埃莱娜·卡根（Elena Kagan）批评最高法院频繁使用“紧急议程”（emergency docket）来规避传统的法律程序。杰克逊在周四的一次法学院演讲中表示，这种做法对司法系统具有极大的破坏性，并可能削弱公众对司法系统的信任。斯波尔丁还指出，在最高法院的支持率创下历史新低的情况下，持续使用这种紧急议程可能会进一步损害人们对民主制度的信心。
District court judges really are on the front lines of having to evaluate the claims that litigants are bringing." Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson and Elena Kagan have criticized the use of emergency docket applications to circumvent the traditional legal process. • Jackson said Thursday during a law school speech that the frequent use of the shadow docket was "having an enormously disruptive and potentially corrosive effect" on the courts. • Spaulding tells Axios that consistently using the docket could have "consequences for people's trust and confidence in our democracy" at a time when approval ratings of the Supreme Court are at record lows.