特朗普总统的近乎全球性的关税政策再次在联邦法院面临挑战。周三上午，曼哈顿美国国际贸易法院的三名法官组成的合议庭正在听取一群小企业和由民主党领导的州的辩论，他们声称特朗普广泛的“第301条”关税超越了法律授权。
President Donald Trump 's near-global tariff policy is being challenged in federal court — again. A panel of three judges at the U.S. Court of International Trade in Manhattan are hearing arguments Wednesday morning from a group of small businesses and Democratic-led states who say Trump's sweeping "Section 301" tariffs overstep the law.
在不到两年的时间里，这是法院第三次被要求介入，阻止总统试图对绝大多数美国进口商品征收全面关税。
It's the third time in less than two years that the courts have been asked to intervene against the president's attempt to impose sweeping tariffs on the vast majority of U.S. imports.
最高法院于2月份推翻了特朗普于2025年4月公布的“对等”关税，否决了其贸易议程的很大一部分，并迫使其政府退还超过1000亿美元。
The Supreme Court in February struck down the "reciprocal" tariffs that Trump had unveiled in April 2025, trashing a huge piece of his trade agenda and forcing his administration to refund more than $100 billion.
就在该裁决下达的当天，特朗普根据1974年贸易法第122条这一不同法规宣布征收全球10%关税。该授权仅允许关税持续150天——但在此期间，联邦贸易法院裁定反对这些关税。一家上诉法院暂停了该裁决，允许关税在其有效期内继续生效。
The day that ruling came down, Trump announced a worldwide 10% tariff under a different statute known as Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. That authority only allowed the tariffs to last for 150 days — but in that interval, the federal trade court ruled against them. An appeals court paused that ruling allowing them to stay in effect for their duration.
就在这些关税于7月到期之际，特朗普政府根据同一1974年贸易法第301条实施了新的关税。
Right as those tariffs expired in July, the Trump administration imposed new duties under Section 301 of the same 1974 trade law.
第301条关税对来自86个国家的商品征收10%或12.5%的税率，覆盖了99.4%的美国进口商品。政府称，征收这些关税是为了回应目标国家未能有效执行禁止使用强迫劳动生产商品贸易的禁令。
The 301 tariffs impose 10% or 12.5% rates on goods from 86 countries, covering 99.4% of U.S. imports. The administration said they were imposed in response to the targeted countries failing to effectively enforce bans on the trade of goods produced using forced-labor practices.
卷入前美联储顾问约翰·罗杰斯的中国间谍案内幕 AI面临的监管路障：反垄断鹰派 特朗普冻结高达10亿美元与其可影响机构相关的债券 众议院詹姆斯·科默议员扩大对预测市场内幕交易的调查 周三上午审理的法律挑战主张，政府援引强迫劳动论点仅作为借口，以重新实施先前被推翻的全球关税。
Inside the China espionage case that ensnared former Fed advisor John Rogers AI's coming roadblock in regulation: Antitrust hawks Trump holds up to $1 billion in bonds tied to institutions he can affect Rep. James Comer expands House investigation into prediction market insider trading The legal challenge being heard Wednesday morning contends that the administration invoked the forced-labor argument as a pretext to reimpose the worldwide tariffs that were previously struck down.
简而言之，原告在8月的一份法庭文件中写道，该案件整合了多项法律挑战："简而言之，被告现在试图根据三部截然不同的法规，实质性地重建同一个全球关税制度。但他们之所以没有从第301条入手，而只是将其作为最后的手段，是有原因的。" 司法部律师坚称，美国贸易代表办公室完全遵守了法律。
"In short, Defendants have now tried to re-create materially the same global tariff regime under three disparate statutes," the plaintiffs wrote in a court filing in August in the case, which consolidates multiple legal challenges. "But there is a reason they did not begin with Section 301 and are instead turning to it now only as a last resort." Attorneys for the Department of Justice insist the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative fully complied with the law.
他们在9月初告诉法院："美国贸易代表办公室在总统指示下采取的行动，符合第301条法规的文本、目的和宗旨，也符合总统坚定承诺，即通过将进入美国市场的准入条件与禁止强迫劳动商品国际贸易的具体行动挂钩，为美国工人、生产商和出口商创造公平竞争环境。"
"The actions that USTR has taken at the direction of the President in this case are consistent with the text, object, and purpose of the Section 301 statute, as well as with the President's firm commitment to create a level playing field for U.S. workers, producers, and exporters by conditioning access to the U.S. market on concrete action to prohibit international trade in forced labor goods," they told the court in early September.
特朗普在7月下旬告诉福克斯新闻，第301条关税"做着同样的事情"，就像最高法院推翻的那些关税一样。
Trump in late July told Fox News that the 301 tariffs are " doing the same thing " as the ones that the Supreme Court struck down.
自由正义中心的董事长兼首席执行官萨拉·阿尔布雷希特当时告诉CNBC，该法律非营利组织提起了针对新关税的诉讼之一，特朗普的言论强化了他们的论点。
Sara Albrecht, chairman and CEO of Liberty Justice Center, the legal nonprofit that brought one of the lawsuits against the new tariffs, told CNBC at the time that Trump's remarks bolstered their argument.
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