作为“‘自由意味着更便宜的汽车’”倡议的一部分，美国交通部本周以“降低汽车价格”为借口，废除了原有的燃油效率法规。
As part of its "Freedom Means More Affordable Cars" initiative, the US Department of Transportation this week rolled back fuel efficiency rules under the guise of lowering vehicle prices.
特朗普政府的交通部门表示，在未来五年内，美国纳税人将节省1380亿美元（约合1220亿欧元）——新车的平均价格将降低1300美元——因为汽车制造商不再需要投资于高燃油效率的汽车车队。
The Trump administration's transport agency says US taxpayers will save $138 billion (€122 billion) over the next five years — new vehicles will be $1,300 cheaper on average — since automakers will no longer have to invest in more fuel-efficient fleets.
然而，这一举措并未考虑到中东冲突导致的全球石油供应紧张以及汽油价格飙升的问题。
But this does not account for soaring gas prices as Middle East conflicts choke global supply.
民主党参议员谢尔顿·怀特豪斯在社交媒体上写道：“任何前期节省下来的费用都会被高昂的燃油成本所抵消……燃油效率标准实际上为司机们节省了数百亿美元。”
"Any savings on the front end get eaten up and spat out by excess costs of fuel … Fuel economy standards have saved drivers hundreds of billions of dollars," said Democratic Senator Sheldon Whitehouse in a social media post.
根据修订后的《企业平均燃油效率》（CAFE）法规，到2031年，汽车车队的平均燃油效率只需达到每加仑35英里（每升14.7公里），相比之前的每加仑50英里降低了约三分之一。
Under the revised Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) rules, vehicle fleets only require an average fuel efficiency of about 35 miles per gallon (14.7km per liter) by 2031, down around one-third from 50 miles per gallon.
这些更新后的燃油效率标准是由拜登政府在2024年实施的，旨在鼓励低排放电动汽车和混合动力汽车的生产。美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）估计，这些标准在25年内将节省700亿加仑（2650亿升）的燃油。
Implemented by the Biden administration in 2024, the updated efficiency rules aimed to incentivize the production of low emission electric vehicles and hybrids. The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates the standards would have saved 70 billion gallons (265 billion litres) of fuel over 25 years.
与此同时，非营利组织“忧思科学家联盟”（Union of Concerned Scientists, UCS）指出，早在2010年以来，早期的CAFE法规就已经为美国消费者节省了约3210亿美元的燃油费用。
Meanwhile, nonprofit advocacy group, the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) says an earlier version of CAFE regulations has saved US consumers have saved about $321 billion at the gas pump since 2010.
这些法规的废除可能会加剧全球气候变暖的问题。美国是全球最大的石油消费国，每天消耗2000万桶石油，占全球石油总消耗量的20%，美国非营利环保组织“生物多样性中心”（Center for Biological Diversity）的丹·贝克尔（Dan Becker）指出。
Rollbacks set to increase planet-heating emissions The world's biggest petrol consumer, the US burns through 20 million barrels of oil per day, which is 20% of global consumption, notes Dan Becker, director of the Safe Climate Transport Campaign at the US-based nonprofit environmental group Center for Biological Diversity.
贝克在一份声明中表示：“交通运输业是最大的能源消耗领域，因此制定强有力的汽车标准是减少污染和石油消耗最有效的方法。”
"Transportation is the biggest consumer of that making strong auto standards the most effective way to cut pollution and oil use," Becker said in a statement.
本周被削弱的这些法规本可以在2050年前减少超过7.1亿公吨的二氧化碳排放量，这相当于让1.65亿辆燃油乘用车停驶一年。
The rules that have been diluted this week would have prevented more than 710 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions by 2050 — the equivalent of running 165 million gas-powered passenger vehicles for a year.
总部位于英国的气候智库“碳追踪”（Carbon Tracker）能源需求部门负责人本·斯科特表示：“交通运输业占美国温室气体排放量的近28%，放宽燃油经济性标准对实现近期气候目标而言是一次危险的倒退。”
"With transportation representing nearly 28% of US greenhouse emissions, rolling back fuel economy standards is a dangerous setback for near-term climate goals," said Ben Scott, head of Energy Demand at UK-based climate think tank, Carbon Tracker.
他在接受德国之声（DW）采访时说：“这可能会导致低效的内燃机在道路上行驶的时间远超气候科学所要求的期限。”
"It risks keeping inefficient combustion engines on the road much longer than climate science demands," he told DW.
然而，继特朗普政府去年取消轻型和重型车辆的温室气体排放标准后，忧思科学家联盟（UCS）清洁交通项目高级车辆分析师戴夫·库克表示，这些倒退只会加剧“更严重的退步”。
But following the Trump administration’s elimination of greenhouse gas emissions standards for light- and heavy-duty vehicles last year, Dave Cooke, senior vehicles analyst for the UCS Clean Transportation Program, said the rollbacks merely compound "a much more significant step backwards."
他指出，这一趋势向汽车制造商发出了“一个明确的信号”，并补充说“美国正试图最大化石油使用量，以增加石油公司的利润”。这将损害气候目标，因为高污染的石油占全球化石燃料排放量的三分之一，且随着气温升高，这些排放量仍在持续增加。
He said the trend sends "a specific signal to automakers," adding that "the United States is seeking to maximize oil usage to increase oil company profits." This will be to the detriment of climate targets with high-polluting oil contributing one-third of global fossil fuel emissions that continue to rise — along with temperatures.
全球刚刚经历了有记录以来最热的八月，欧洲严重的极端热浪仅在德国就造成了超过1.6万人的超额死亡。
The world just had the hottest August on record as severe heatwaves in Europe caused over 16,000 excess deaths in Germany alone.
美国背弃电动汽车（观看此视频，了解美国交通运输业是否还能向清洁能源转型？）2026年，美国的低排放电动汽车销量出现下滑，尤其是在特朗普总统取消了7500美元的新能源汽车税收抵免政策之后。
US turns its back on EVs To view this video, and Can US transport still transition to clean energy? Sales of low emission EVs are down in the US in 2026, especially after president Trump scrapped the $7,500 tax credit for new electric vehicles.
美国汽车制造商也继续抵制旨在鼓励转型的法规，声称市场缺乏消费者需求。
American automakers also continue to push back against regulations that would incentivize a switch to arguing there is a lack of consumer demand.
库克表示：“鉴于汽车行业和监管机构似乎都对为消费者提供电动车型选项不感兴趣，美国突然出现大量电动车型销售的情况极不可能发生。”
"It's highly unlikely that the United States will suddenly become awash in electric options when neither the auto industry nor regulators seem interested in providing such choices for consumers," said Cooke.
不过本·斯科特认为，虽然放宽美国的燃油经济性标准会带来一些短期阻力，但这并不会阻碍向电动汽车转型的进程。他指出：“由于电动汽车的运行成本要低得多，因此采用电动汽车显然是一个经济上更合理的选择。”电动汽车使用的是价格更低、且国内供应稳定的能源，这将进一步推动这一转型进程——无论短期政治局势如何变化。
But Ben Scott believes that while softening US fuel economy standards "will create temporary headwinds", it won't stall an inevitable transition to electric vehicles. "With EVs delivering vastly lower running costs, electrification becomes a clear-cut economic choice," he said of cars running on "cheaper, domestically secure energy that will drive the transition forward, regardless of short-term politics."
他还强调：随着效率较低的汽车和卡车消耗更多、价格更高且供应更紧张的石油，依赖石油的交通运输系统的脆弱性将会逐渐暴露出来。特朗普与美国汽车行业之间的矛盾与冲突……
As less efficient cars and trucks consume more oil that's more expensive and in shorter supply, "the fragility of oil-dependent transport" is set to be exposed, he said. Trump vs. the US auto industry