萨姆·麦克尼尔 布鲁塞尔报道——欧盟官员于周四举行会谈，旨在加强边境管控并遏制移民潮，与此同时，维权人士提交了新的证据，称该集团的边境管理局向利比亚海岸警卫队提供了监视数据，以便其在海上拦截移民。
SAM McNEIL BRUSSELS — European Union officials met Thursday to strengthen border controls and curb migration as activists presented new evidence they say shows the bloc’s border agency provides surveillance data to Libya’s coast guard to intercept migrants at sea.
来自欧盟27个成员国的内政部长齐聚卢森堡，就边境监视及其他政策展开讨论，其中包括在第三国设立“遣返枢纽”以及加大整个欧盟境内的遣返力度。
Home affairs ministers from the EU’s 27 countries gathered in Luxembourg to discuss border surveillance and other policies, including setting up “ return hubs ” in third countries and efforts to increase deportations across the bloc.
在会议召开前，欧盟负责内部事务与移民事务的委员马格努斯·布鲁纳表示，他将呼吁大规模扩充欧洲边境和海岸警卫局（Frontex），赋予其新的权力、更多的资金和更庞大的工作队伍。
Ahead of the meeting, European Commissioner for Migration Magnus Brunner said he would call for a vast expansion of Frontex , including new powers, more funding and a larger workforce.
在过去十年中，欧盟不断收紧其移民政策，大多数成员国都支持加大遣返力度和实施更严格的边境管控。最近发生在休达的危机——数万名移民抵达了西班牙位于摩洛哥的这一飞地——为卢森堡会议上加强边境管理局的呼声增添了紧迫性。
The EU has hardened its migration policy over the past decade, with most member countries supporting more deportations and stricter border controls. The recent crisis in Ceuta — where tens of thousands of migrants arrived in the Spanish exclave in Morocco— added urgency to calls at the meeting in Luxembourg to strengthen the border agency.
比利时内政大臣安妮琳·范博苏伊特表示：“一个更强大的边境管理系统至关重要。在这方面，我认为Frontex将发挥巨大作用。”
“A stronger border management system is important. And there, I see a big role for Frontex,” said Belgium’s Interior Minister Anneleen Van Bossuyt.
许多人强调，Frontex迫切需要建立一支能够在边境危机中实施干预的快速反应部队。
Many stressed the need for Frontex to have a rapid intervention force that could intervene in border crises.
布鲁纳说：“Frontex必须发挥更重要的作用。”它应该拥有“更大的灵活性，以应对像混合威胁这样的特殊情况”，例如在休达所看到的那些情况。
“Frontex has to play a more important role,” Brunner said. And it should have “more flexibility to react to extraordinary situations like hybrid threats,” like the one seen in Ceuta.
该机构已经是欧盟资金最充足的组织之一，2026年的预算高达12亿欧元（约合13亿美元）。
The agency is already one of the most well funded EU organizations with a budget of 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion) in 2026.
一名苏丹难民通过视频从利比亚一处未公开的地点向布鲁塞尔一家挤满人的咖啡馆讲述，利比亚当局对那里的寻求庇护者和移民施加了极其残暴的暴力。
Speaking by video from an undisclosed location in Libya, a Sudanese refugee told a packed cafe in Brussels that Libyan authorities subject asylum-seekers and migrants there to horrific violence.
这位现年31岁的难民出于安全原因隐去了全名，他表示：“我曾多次试图从这里逃跑，但都没有成功，因为有Frontex及其在利比亚的盟友在作梗。”
“I have tried many times to escape from here but I was not lucky because of Frontex and their allies” in Libya, said the 31-year-old refugee, whose full name was not disclosed for safety reasons.
2024年，在法律援助组织“Front-LEX”的律师、德国非政府组织“Sea-Watch”以及倡导团体“利比亚难民”的帮助下，他对欧洲边境管理局提起了诉讼。
In 2024, he sued Frontex with the help of lawyers from the legal activist group Front-LEX, the German nongovernmental organization Sea-Watch, and Refugees in Libya, an advocacy group.
“利比亚难民”联合创始人戴维·扬比奥表示：“如今，欧洲边境管理局作为欧洲漫长而暴力的臂膀，比以往任何时候都让一切变得更加危险。在该机构的支持下，人们被持枪抓获并遣返回利比亚——一个众所周知的酷刑、强奸、奴役、勒索、任意拘留、死亡和强迫失踪之地。”联合国在2021年发现证据，表明利比亚可能对移民犯下了危害人类罪。美联社的调查也记录了利比亚民兵组织广泛侵犯人权的行为，欧盟资金在一定程度上助长了这些行为。
“Today more than ever, Frontex, the long, violent arm of Europe, is making everything more dangerous,” said David Yambio, co-founder of Refugees in Libya. “With the help of the agency, people are captured at gunpoint and returned to Libya, a well-known place of torture, rape, enslavement, extortion, arbitrary detention, death, and enforced disappearance.”The United Nations found evidence in 2021 that crimes against humanity may have been committed against migrants in Libya. An AP investigation also documented widespread human rights violations by militias in Libya, enabled in part by EU funds .
“Sea-Watch”发言人尤利娅·温克勒表示，该组织记录到，欧洲边境管理局向利比亚船只共享监控数据的速度更快、分辨率更高，远超其向在地中海开展救援行动的人道主义救援组织共享的数据水平。美联社无法独立核实这些说法，而欧洲边境管理局对此予以否认。
Sea-Watch spokesperson Julia Winkler said that the group had documented Frontex sharing surveillance data with Libyan vessels more quickly and at higher resolution than what it shares with charity rescue groups operating in the Mediterranean. The Associated Press could not independently verify the claims, which Frontex denies.
温克勒称，欧洲边境管理局向利比亚当局提供了由欧盟资助的无人机和飞机探测到的移民船只的坐标，实际上帮助阻止了这些移民抵达欧盟海岸。
Winkler said Frontex provided Libyan authorities with the coordinates of migrant boats detected by EU-funded drones and airplanes, effectively helping keep the migrants from reaching EU shores.
人权组织和联合国机构长期以来一直认为，由于移民在利比亚面临虐待，利比亚不应被视为在地中海获救移民的安全上岸地点。
Human rights groups and U.N. agencies have long said Libya should not be considered a safe place to disembark migrants rescued in the Mediterranean because of the abuse they face there.
“Frontex一直在积极、系统地协助进行拦截行动，而绝不是在进行救援工作，”温克勒（Winkler）说道。“欧洲的空中监视系统在这一切中起着至关重要的作用……如果没有这些信息，利比亚海岸警卫队就无法掌握大多数船只的位置，也就无法实施如此大规模的拦截行动。”利比亚海岸警卫队以及其他在地中海活动的利比亚组织曾多次被指控向试图营救移民的欧洲救援船只开火。
“Frontex is actively and systematically facilitating interceptions and definitely not rescue,” Winkler said. “European aerial surveillance is crucial in all of this... Without this information, the so-called Libyan coast guard would not be able to know the positions of the majority of the boats, and interceptions would not be possible on that scale.”The Libyan coast guard and other Libyan groups operating in the Mediterranean have been accused numerous times of shooting at migrants and European charity vessels trying to rescue them.
Frontex周四表示，他们并不会直接向利比亚海岸警卫队提供信息，而是会向的黎波里的紧急救援中心发出警报，或向附近有能力响应的船只发送求救信号。
Frontex said Thursday it does not provide information directly to the Libyan coast guard, but instead alerts an emergency rescue center in Tripoli or sends broadcasts and “mayday relays” to nearby vessels able to respond.
“如果在这个区域没有足够的监测手段来发现处于困境中的船只，那么就会有更多的生命丧失，”该机构发言人克里斯·博罗夫斯基（Chris Borowski）说。“Frontex的飞机在该区域飞行的次数越多，他们能发现的船只就越多，我们也就有望拯救更多的生命。”移民和活动人士呼吁暂停这些飞行行动，并希望能在欧盟法院提起诉讼，以推动问题的解决。
“If you don’t have the eyes to see boats in distress in this area, then you probably will have more lives that are being lost,” said agency spokesperson Chris Borowski. “The more Frontex planes fly in the area, the more they’re able to see and the more lives that we hope we’re able to save.”Migrants and activists have called for these flights to be suspended and hope to advance their case before the General Court of the European Union.
代表原告的法律倡导组织Front-LEX的律师伊夫塔赫·科恩（Iftach Cohen）表示：“这场诉讼的目的是终止这种信息共享行为，从而阻止难民被遣返回利比亚，避免他们遭受死亡或酷刑。除了法官，没有人能够阻止Frontex的运作。”
The lawsuit brought forward “seeks to end this information-sharing, and thereby stop refugees from being sent back to death or torture in Libya,” said Iftach Cohen, a lawyer with the legal advocacy group Front-LEX representing the plaintiff. “No one can stop Frontex but the judges.”