越来越多的国家开始认同特朗普总统关于全球贸易弊端的核心论点，尽管他的关税政策正令世界经济为之动荡。
More countries are buying into a core piece of President Trump's argument about what is broken in global trade, even as his tariffs rattle the world economy.
为什么重要：过去一个月达成的两项重大协议表明，越来越多的国家开始接受这样一种观点：巨额贸易失衡和过度生产会损害国内产业，并可能需要采取行动。
Why it matters: Two major agreements over the past month show that more countries are embracing the view that huge trade imbalances and excess production can hurt domestic industries and may warrant action.
推动新闻的背后：二十国集团（G20）贸易官员本周齐聚密尔沃基，并在会上宣布了一项旨在解决全球钢铁产能过剩问题的新协议。
Driving the news: G20 trade officials are in Milwaukee this week, where they announced a new agreement to tackle the global steel glut.
- “密尔沃基框架”呼吁各国遏制扭曲市场的补贴，并加紧对钢铁进口和规避贸易行为的监控。
• The "Milwaukee Framework" calls on countries to curb market-distorting subsidies and step up monitoring of steel imports and trade circumvention.
- 该框架还支持针对产能过剩采取“基于证据的行动”，包括可能采取关税手段。
• It also endorses "evidence-based actions" against excess capacity, including possibly tariffs.
该协议出台之前， 9月份在北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔举行的G20财长会议上也达成了更广泛的共识。
That agreement follows a broader acknowledgment at the G20 finance ministers meeting in Asheville, N.C., in September.
- 美国与几乎所有其他G20经济体当时一致认为，长期的大规模贸易失衡会损害其他国家的利益。各方签署了一项声明，要求拥有巨额顺差的国家调整那些导致其过度依赖出口来推动增长的政策。
• The U.S. and nearly every other G20 economy there agreed that large, persistent trade imbalances can harm other countries. They signed on to a statement that asked nations with big surpluses to address policies that leave them overly reliant on exports for growth.
- 中国是出席会议的G20成员中唯一反对该声明的国家。
• China was the lone G20 member present to object to that statement.
言外之意：几十年来，各国政府一直在对全球贸易中的扭曲现象（包括钢铁过度生产）发出警告。正在发生变化的是：承认这些现象对国内产业造成损害并对其进行保护的意愿。
Between the lines: For decades, governments have warned about distortions in global trade, including excess steel production. What is changing: the willingness to acknowledge the damage to domestic industries and protect them.
- 美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔在会议间隙对记者表示：“大多数国家都同意这些全球性问题，人们也赞同这一诊断，但他们过去不愿意采取行动。”他表示，密尔沃基协议“在2015年是不可想象的”。
• "Most countries agree with these global issues, people agree with the diagnosis, but they're loath to action," U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told reporters on the sidelines of the conference. He said the Milwaukee agreement "couldn't have happened in 2015."
- 格里尔说：“所有这些其他国家都清楚，如果他们想继续进入美国市场，我们就必须调整国际体系。随着我们提出具有创意的想法、新的架构和连贯的计划，他们正在加入进来。”
• "All these other countries — they know that if they want to continue to have access to the U.S. market, we need to adjust the international system," Greer said. "As we come with creative ideas and new structures and cohesive plans, they're coming on board."
宏观视角：欧盟贸易专员马罗什·谢夫乔维奇在周二与格里尔以及罗克韦尔自动化公司（Rockwell Automation）的首席执行官们举行的圆桌会议上，对美国政府关注全球产能过剩问题表示欢迎。
Zoom out: EU trade chief Maroš Šefčovič welcomed the administration's focus on excess capacity at a roundtable with Greer and manufacturing CEOs at Rockwell Automation's Milwaukee headquarters on Tuesday. • European industries are being crushed by cheap imports driven by global overcapacity, much of it from China.
- 由于全球产能过剩（其中大部分来自中国），欧洲的制造业正受到廉价进口产品的冲击；作为回应，欧洲正在采取更多的贸易保护措施（可能包括提高关税）。
Europe is responding with more trade barriers of its own — possibly including harsher tariffs. • "I think a lot of folks in Europe, including the trade commissioner and others, I think they're pretty clear-eyed about this issue….
- 格里尔表示：“我认为欧洲的许多人士，包括贸易专员在内的官员们，都非常清楚这一问题的严重性；他们正在采取与我们十年前相同的应对措施。”他还指出，欧洲自身也在一定程度上加剧了全球产能过剩的问题。
They're starting to go through some of the steps we started going through 10 years ago," Greer said, adding he believes Europe itself contribute to global excess capacity. The other side: U.S. trading partners are dealing with tariffs, or the prospect of tariffs, aimed at some of the same problems they are working with Washington to address.
另一方的立场：美国的贸易伙伴们正面临着针对类似问题的关税威胁；例如，加拿大对美国的大部分钢铁出口产品被征收了50%的关税；此外，当加拿大贸易官员抵达密尔沃基时，美国还实施了针对某些加拿大产品的进口禁令。
• Most Canadian steel exports to the U.S. face a 50% tariff. An import ban on certain Canadian products took effect as one of the nation's trade officials arrived in Milwaukee.
格里尔还在调查另外16个国家的产能过剩问题，这些调查结果可能会为未来实施新的关税措施提供依据。
• Greer is also investigating excess capacity and production in 16 economies — probes that could ultimately clear the way for fresh tariffs.
格里尔承认圆桌会议上的气氛较为紧张，但他指出，尽管美国与其贸易伙伴之间存在分歧，双方仍对全球范围内的产能过剩问题感到担忧。
• Greer acknowledged that tension at the roundtable, noting that the U.S. and its trading partners may have disputes with one another but still share concerns about excess production elsewhere.
幕后花絮：昨天下午，各国的外交部长们乘坐大巴前往罗克韦尔自动化公司的总部（距离约1.5英里），参观了该公司的生产设施。
The intrigue: Foreign trade ministers piled into coach buses yesterday afternoon for a 1.5-mile trip to Rockwell Automation's Milwaukee headquarters, where they toured the factory floor.
这次“实地考察”旨在展示特朗普政府希望鼓励的先进制造业发展模式。
• The "field trip" was intended to show the kind of advanced domestic manufacturing the Trump administration wants to encourage.
罗克韦尔公司为部长们提供了用于参观的鞋子（这些鞋子实际上是在越南生产的）。
• Rockwell gave the ministers steel-toed sneakers for the tour (which were made in Vietnam).
制造工厂自动化技术的罗克韦尔公司（Rockwell）正投资20亿美元用于美国的工厂、人才和技术。但关税也推高了这家制造企业的成本。
Rockwell, which makes automation technology used on factory floors, is investing $2 billion in U.S. plants, talent and technology. But tariffs are also raising costs for the manufacturer.
- 罗克韦尔在今年夏天告诉投资者，其部分客户正在推迟项目。
• Rockwell told investors over the summer that some of its customers are delaying projects.
- 首席执行官布莱克·莫雷特（Blake Moret）在公司的财报电话会议上表示：“在关税和通货膨胀如此动荡的环境下，他们希望确保其商业计划中的成本端是稳固的。”
• "In such a volatile environment with respect to tariffs and inflation, they want to make sure that the cost side of their business case is solid," CEO Blake Moret said on the company's earnings call.
核心结论：特朗普时期的关税政策存在争议，但这位总统关于重新思考全球贸易体系的主张争议较小。
The bottom line: Trump-era tariffs are divisive, but the president's case for rethinking the global trading system is proving less so.