法国奥贝维利耶，10月3日电——身处巴黎贫困郊区的17岁少女梅萨立志成为一名英语教师。本周，她与数万名其他学生及支持者一道，在法国各地参与抗议活动，抗议学校设施破败、教室拥挤及教师短缺。
AUBERVILLIERS, France, Oct 3 - Maisa, a 17-year-old in a poor Paris suburb who aspires to be an English teacher, joined tens of thousands of other students and their supporters this week in protests that spread across France over dilapidated schools, classroom overcrowding and teacher shortages.
在位于巴黎北郊塞纳-圣但尼省奥贝维利耶的勒·柯布西耶高中，抗议者表示，像他们这样的贫困社区学校面临最恶劣的办学条件。
At Lycee Le Corbusier school in Aubervilliers, a suburb north of Paris in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, protesters said schools in poor neighborhoods like theirs faced the worst conditions.
“去年我参加高中法语会考时没有法语老师，老师的影响非常大，”梅萨说。“这些根本不是学习的条件。”
“Last year I took the high school French exam without a French teacher, and teachers have a huge impact,” Maisa said. "These are not conditions to study in."
本周，法国1200多所高中爆发抗议，警方在某些情况下动用了催泪瓦斯和橡胶子弹。超过5000人被捕，部分抗议者严重受伤，包括眼部受伤、牙齿断裂和头部受创。内政努内兹称这是“不可接受的暴力氛围”，并呼吁恢复秩序。
As protests raged at more than 1,200 French high schools this week, police responded with tear gas and rubber bullets in some cases. More than 5,000 people were arrested, and some protesters were seriously hurt with eye injuries, broken teeth and blows to the head. Interior Minister Laurent Nunez called it a "climate of unacceptable violence" and called for order.
15岁的阿梅莉加入了校门外人群中的梅萨，手举一块写着“我们的地址不应决定我们的未来”的标语。她表示示威是为了争取与国内其他地区学生同等的权利。
Amelia, 15, joined Maisa in the crowd outside the school gates and held a sign reading, "Our address should not decide our future". She said she was demonstrating to demand the same rights as students elsewhere in the country.
“教育部门对郊区投入不足。这是阶级歧视，也是种族歧视，”她说。
"The education authority is not investing enough in the suburbs. It's classist and racist," she said.
巴黎第八大学政治学家于利斯·拉巴特表示，抗议活动显示出法国边缘化城市社区正日益影响国家政治。
Ulysse Rabate, a political scientist at Paris 8 University, said the protests show the way that France's marginalised urban neighbourhoods are increasingly influencing national politics.
“当公共服务、公共教育崩塌时，感受最深、冲击最大的，是处于底层的人，”他说。
"When there is a collapse of the public service, of public education, those who feel it the most, and the most violently, are those at bottom," he said.
政治焦点 这场始于上周的全国性示威和封锁行动，已成为政府的一个政治焦点，时机颇为敏感——政府周四宣布了2027年预算中一系列极不得人心的开支削减措施。
POLITICAL FLASHPOINT The nationwide demonstrations and blockades, which began last week, have become a political flashpoint at a sensitive moment for the government, which announced a series of deeply unpopular spending cuts in its 2027 budget on Thursday.
教育预算将增加1.7%至655.3亿欧元，这一增幅低于通胀水平，且不含教师养老金。
The education budget is set to increase by a below-inflation 1.7% to €65.53 billion, excluding teacher pensions.
教育部暂未回应置评请求。教育部长爱德华·热夫雷表示，教育仍是优先事项，预算增幅低于通胀是由于人口下降。
The education ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Education Minister Edouard Geffray said that education remained a priority and the below-inflation budget increase was due to population decline.
抗议活动始于贫困率较高的巴黎郊区，随后蔓延至巴黎市区及马赛、斯特拉斯堡、图尔和里尔等法国其他城镇。
The protests started in the Parisian suburbs, where poverty levels are high, then spread to Paris itself and other French towns, including Marseille, Strasbourg, Tours and Lille.
据当选家长代表卡里马·卡拉·阿里称，在勒·柯布西耶高中，由于教师短缺，数学、人文、英语和体育等课程自学年开始以来一直停课。
At Lycee Le Corbusier, classes including maths, humanities, English and sport have been canceled since the start of the academic year due to a teacher shortage, according to Karima Kara Ali, an elected parent representative.
据CGT工会称，在塞纳-圣但尼省，三分之二的高中周四参与了抗议。四个城镇的青年、教师和家长抱怨学校环境不卫生，以及护士和社工等人员长期短缺。
In Seine-Saint-Denis, two-thirds of high schools took part in protests on Thursday, the CGT labour union said. Youth, teachers and parents in four towns complained of unsanitary school conditions and chronic staff shortages including of nurses and social workers.
CGT教育工会塞纳-圣但尼分部代表路易丝·帕特诺斯特表示，该地区未获得与其学生数量及教育需求相匹配的充足资源。据工会调查，该省三分之二的学校存在教师空缺职位。
Louise Paternoster, a representative for the Seine-Saint-Denis branch of the CGT's education union, said the area does not get adequate resources for its student population and their educational needs. Two-thirds of schools in the department have unfilled teacher positions, according to a union survey.
教师严重不足 “我们的学生正在失去学习时间。一些学校甚至没有饮用水。我们与其他省份不平等，”她指责称，短缺源于政府计划在2026年全国范围内削减3256个教师职位。
NOT ENOUGH TEACHERS "Our students are losing out on study time. Some schools don't have drinking water. We are not equal to other departments," she said, blaming shortages on government cuts of 3,256 teacher positions nationwide in 2026.
在巴黎东北部边缘的庞坦镇，教师迪兰·罗什本周陪同学生在校外抗议，以支持他们的诉求并保护他们免受警方冲击。
In Pantin, a town on the northeastern edge of Paris, teacher Dilan Roche joined her students as they protested outside their school this week to support their demands and protect them from the police.
“他们写在横幅上的内容，我们写在了给当地教育局的信里：班级拥挤、无护士、无社工——这对有学习困难的学生而言问题重重，而这些学生大多生活在不稳定环境中，”她说。
"What they wrote on banners, we wrote in a letter to the local education authority: overcrowded classes, no nurses, no social workers — which is problematic for students with learning difficulties, many living in precarity," she said.
虽然法国在经合组织国家的教育支出中处于中等水平，但根据教育部数据，过去十年间，每位中学生的平均支出几乎没有变化，2024年为11660欧元，2010年为11910欧元。
While France ranks in the middle of OECD countries for spending on education, the average expenditure per secondary school student has remained little changed over the last decade, standing at €11,660 in 2024 and €11,910 in 2010, according to education ministry data.
上一次要求增加经费、规模如此之大的全国性高中生抗议运动发生在20世纪90年代。保罗·瓦莱里大学研究教育经费的教授克莱芒丝·卡东-坎特表示，此前政府大幅扩大了会考的参考资格——这项通常通向大学的毕业考试——却未给学校提供足够的额外资源。
The last nationwide high school protest movement on this scale demanding more funding came in the 1990s. That followed the government sharply expanding access to the baccalauréat, the school-leaving exam that typically paves the way to university, without providing schools with sufficient additional resources, said Professor Clemence Cardon-Quint at Paul Valery University, who researches education funding.
那场运动赢得了经费增加，但尽管学校面临的需求日益增长，生均支出后来却停滞不前。
The movement won an increase in funding, but spending per student later stagnated despite growing demands on schools.
卡东-坎特表示，多年来学生和教师承担了额外的责任，包括应对2018年推出的大学招生系统“Parcoursup”，该系统因不透明和歧视性而受到一些学生和教师的批评。"在财政紧缩时期，减少不平等更加困难，"卡东-坎特说。
Cardon-Quint said students and teachers have taken on additional responsibilities over the years, including navigating Parcoursup, the university admissions system introduced in 2018 and criticised by some students and teachers as opaque and discriminatory. "In a period of budgetary restraint, it is more difficult to reduce inequalities," said Cardon-Quint.