在连续第二场选举中，巴西选民面临的选择是左翼候选人路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦与博索纳罗家族的一名右翼候选人。该国充满争议的选举将在拉丁美洲极右翼候选人接连获胜的背景下举行，同时也是巴西现代政治历史上的一个敏感时期。
For the second election in a row, Brazilian voters face a choice between leftist candidate Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and a right-wing candidate from the Bolsonaro family The country’s fractious election is set to take place during a wave of successful far-right candidates across Latin America and a sensitive time in Brazil’s modern political history.
前右翼总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗因在2022年败选于卢拉后参与政变阴谋而被判处27年监禁。雅伊尔·博索纳罗及多名军官的定罪引发了人们对巴西民主制度韧性的质疑——这一制度在经历了美国支持的军事独裁统治时期后，于几十年前才重新建立。
Former right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro is serving a 27-year prison sentence over his role in a coup plot following his loss to Lula in 2022. The conviction of Jair Bolsonaro and several military officers raised questions about the resilience of Brazilian democracy, revived several decades ago following a period of rule by a United States-backed military dictatorship.
一起爆炸性的腐败丑闻牵涉了政治光谱各方的知名人物和机构，观察人士也对美国可能介入表示担忧。民调显示，现任总统、寻求第四个非连续任期的卢拉，与博索纳罗的长子、参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗在模拟决选中的支持率几乎持平。
An explosive corruption scandal has implicated prominent figures and institutions across the political spectrum, and observers have expressed concern about possible US intervention Polls suggest Lula, the current president seeking a fourth non-consecutive term, and Bolsonaro’s eldest son, Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, are in a virtual tie in a simulated run-off.
候选人是谁？哪些议题成为焦点？这场选举又可能对巴西意味着什么？以下是您需要了解的巴西2026年总统选举相关信息。选举时间是什么时候？
Who are the candidates, what issues have been front and centre, and what could the election mean for Brazil? Here’s what you need to know about Brazil’s 2026 presidential elections. When is the election?
巴西总统选举的第一轮投票将于10月4日巴西利亚时间上午8点至下午5点（格林尼治标准时间11:00至20:00）举行。
The first round of voting in the Brazilian presidential election will take place on October 4 from 8am to 5pm Brasilia time (11:00 to 20:00 GMT).
若没有候选人在第一轮中直接获胜，得票最高的两名候选人将进入10月25日的决选投票。卢拉是谁？
If no candidate wins the first round outright, the top two candidates will proceed to a run-off vote on October 25. Who is Lula?
他更为人熟知的名字就是“卢拉”，是巴西现任总统，也是工人党（PT）的候选人。
better known simply as Lula, is the country’s current president and the candidate for the Workers’ Party, or the PT.
这位80岁的老人几十年来一直是巴西政治的核心人物，曾在2003年至2011年间担任两届四年任期的总统，其现任任期则始于2023年。
The 80-year-old has been a central figure in Brazilian politics for decades, serving two four-year presidential terms between 2003 and 2011, and his current term, which began in 2023.
他在任期间的执政特点，是努力将政治民主与改善国家贫困民众的物质生活条件相结合。在20世纪80年代之前，巴西曾长期处于美国支持的军事独裁统治之下；如今，他通过一系列旨在解决不平等问题社会计划，推动国家发展。
His time in office has been defined by an effort to pair political democracy, restored after a US-backed military dictatorship that ruled the country for several decades until the 1980s, with material improvement for the country’s poor through a series of social programmes meant to address inequality.
卢拉还致力于在全球舞台上加强发展中国家和非西方国家之间的联系。“自独裁统治结束以来，他已成为巴西民主制度化和巩固的化身，”路易斯安那州立大学历史与国际研究助理教授、卢拉传记作者安德烈·帕利亚里尼在接受半岛电视台电话采访时说道。弗拉维奥·博索纳罗是谁？
Lula has also sought to forge ties between developing, non-Western countries on the global stage“He has come to embody the institutionalisation and consolidation of Brazilian democracy since the end of the dictatorship,” Andre Pagliarini, an assistant professor of history and international studies at Louisiana State University and the author of a book on Lula, told Al Jazeera in a phone call. Who is Flavio Bolsonaro?
弗拉维奥·博索纳罗已成为其父——巴西政治右翼领袖地位——的继承人，同时也是卢拉在2026年大选中的主要对手。博索纳罗将以右翼自由党候选人的身份参选。这位45岁的男子是前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗的长子。
Flavio Bolsonaro has emerged as the heir to his father’s status as leader of Brazil’s political right and Lula’s main challenger in the 2026 election. Bolsonaro is running as the candidate of the right-wing Liberal Party. The 45-year-old is the eldest son of former President Jair Bolsonaro.
弗拉维奥承诺将采取强硬立场应对犯罪和治安问题，并与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普政府密切合作。该政府已将巴西多个犯罪组织列为恐怖组织。
Flavio has pledged a hard stance on crime and insecurity and close collaboration with the administration of US President Donald Trump, which has designated several criminal groups in Brazil as terrorist organisations.
他还承诺控制通货膨胀和政府支出，其一名顾问表示，如果他当选，将实施债务上限政策。
He has also promised to rein in inflation and government spending, with an adviser stating that he would implement a debt ceiling if elected.
弗拉维奥·博索纳罗还试图将其父亲的定罪案件塑造成政治迫害的故事，谴责其审判不合法，并呼吁将其从监狱中释放。
Flavio Bolsonaro has also sought to turn his father’s conviction into a story of political persecution, denouncing his trial as illegitimate and seeking his release from prison.
“我祈求真主赐予我机会，明年能与雅伊尔·梅西亚斯·博索纳罗总统一同走上普拉纳托宫的台阶，让他将总统绶带披在我的胸前，”他在9月的一场竞选活动中说道。
“I ask God for the opportunity to walk up the ramp of Planalto Palace next year alongside President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, so that he may place the presidential sash across my chest,” he said at a campaign event in September.
“博索纳罗家族的说辞是，巴西在独裁统治结束后建立的各项制度要么已经腐化不堪、要么反应迟缓，因此我们必须来个急转弯，摆脱这一现状。”帕利亚里尼说。
“The Bolsonaro family’s pitch is that the institutions that Brazilian democracy has erected since the end of dictatorship are either rotten and unresponsive, and that we need a sharp turn away from this status quo,” said Pagliarini.
“这次选举的对立极其鲜明，因为两位候选人对巴西近期历史究竟意味着什么，有着截然相反的判断。”他补充说。哪些问题主导了此次选战？
“The stakes of this election are incredibly stark because the candidates stand for such opposing visions about what Brazil’s recent history means,” he added. What issues have defined the race?
与该地区近年的许多选举一样，犯罪、安全局势和生活成本问题主导了巴西此次选举。腐败以及美国干预巴西内政的担忧，也一直笼罩着整场竞选。
As with many recent elections across the region, crime, insecurity and cost of living issues have dominated the Brazilian election. Corruption and concerns about US intervention in the country’s domestic affairs have also loomed over the campaign.
Quaest公司9月7日发布的一项调查显示，31%的受访者将暴力列为最大的担忧，其次是认为腐败问题最严重的占20%，认为经济问题最严重的占19%，认为卫生问题最严重的占12%。
A Quaest survey from September 7 found that 31 percent of respondents cited violence as their biggest concern, followed by 20 percent who said corruption, 19 percent who said the economy, and 12 percent who said health.
尽管卢拉第三个任期内巴西实现了不错的经济增长，失业率和通胀率也保持较低水平，但这些温和的经济成果同时伴随着家庭债务激增，以及生活成本上涨引发的担忧。
While Brazil has seen decent economic growth and low unemployment and inflation during Lula’s third term, those mild gains have been paired with explosive levels of household debt and concerns about the rising cost of living.
美国一家聚焦经济问题、立场偏左的智库——经济与政策研究中心——发布的一份报告发现，2022年至2024年间，巴西的极端贫困人口减少了约40%，失业率降至历史低点，经济增长速度也明显超过该国大多数邻国。但这份分析还发现，偿付债务的成本大幅上升，令许多家庭不堪重负。总体而言，分析人士称，这些情况呈现出的经济图景既称不上灾难性，也谈不上令人满意。
A report from the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a left-leaning US-based think-tank focused on economic issues, found that extreme poverty in Brazil fell by about 40 percent between 2022 and 2024, unemployment dropped to historic lows, and the country’s economic growth significantly outpaced that of most of its neighbours. But the analysis also found that households were strained by a sharp uptick in the cost of servicing debt. All in all, analysts say they amount to a view of the economy that is neither catastrophic nor particularly satisfying.
帕利亚里尼说，两位候选人都试图将选战引向更适合各自核心议题的舞台。卢拉将弗拉维奥·博索纳罗描绘成美国企图削弱巴西主权的自觉帮凶，而弗拉维奥·博索纳罗则指责卢拉腐败，并在打击犯罪方面软弱无力。民调怎么说？
Pagliarini says that both candidates have tried to steer the election onto more favourable terrain for their issues of choice, with Lula portraying Flavio Bolsonaro as a willing accomplice in US efforts to undermine Brazilian sovereignty, and Flavio Bolsonaro accusing Lula of being corrupt and weak on crime. What do the polls say?
分析人士表示，民调反映出巴西政治的现状：两极分化严重，但选民热情低迷。
Analysts say that polls reflect the state of Brazilian politics: deeply polarised but unenthusiastic.
“整体氛围是，这是一场非常沉闷的竞选，”帕利亚里尼说。“双方热情都不高，目前很难判断这有利于谁。”多数民调显示双方竞争胶着，卢拉对弗拉维奥·博索纳罗仅有微弱优势；倘若进入第二轮投票，差距还会进一步缩小。
“The general vibe is that this is a very downbeat campaign,” said Pagliarini. “There’s not a lot of enthusiasm either way, and it’s hard to tell at this stage who that favours.”Most surveys show a close race, with Lula holding a marginal advantage over Flavio Bolsonaro that tightens further in a hypothetical run-off.
Quaest公司9月的一项调查显示，卢拉的投票意向率为37%，弗拉维奥·博索纳罗为33%；AtlasIntel公司同期的调查则显示，卢拉以46%对43%领先弗拉维奥·博索纳罗。
A Quaest survey from September shows Lula with 37 percent of voter intention against Flavio Bolsonaro’s 33 percent, while an AtlasIntel survey from the same period showed Lula winning 46 percent to Flavio Bolsonaro’s 43 percent.
Datafolha的一项民调显示，卢拉获得40%的支持，弗拉维奥·博索纳罗为36%。
A Datafolha poll found Lula with 40 percent and Flavio Bolsonaro with 36 percent.
民调还显示，在应对通胀、打击腐败、遏制犯罪和毒品贩运等议题上，弗拉维奥·博索纳罗比卢拉更受支持；而在贫困与不平等、外交和卫生等议题上，卢拉则更获支持。双方竞选各自面临哪些挑战？
Polls also show Flavio Bolsonaro favoured over Lula on issues of inflation, combatting corruption, and crime and drug trafficking, while Lula is seen more favourably on issues of poverty and inequality, foreign affairs and health. What challenges has each campaign faced?
一桩围绕声名狼藉的银行家丹尼尔·沃尔卡罗展开的爆炸性腐败丑闻，给双方竞选都带来了疑问，并将该国各个政治派别的政商精英牵涉其中。
An explosive corruption scandal, focused on disgraced banker Daniel Vorcaro, has raised questions for both campaigns and implicated members of the country’s political and economic elite across the political spectrum.
报道称，弗拉维奥·博索纳罗曾向沃尔卡罗索取大笔资金，表面上是为了资助一部关于其父亲的纪录片——《黑马》（或《O Azarao》）。
Reports found that Flavio Bolsonaro had solicited substantial funds from Vorcaro, ostensibly to finance a documentary – The Dark Horse (or O Azarao) – about his father.
卢拉的前财政部长吉多·曼特加也表示，他曾帮助安排沃尔卡罗、卢拉和巴西央行行长会面，讨论银行业政策。卢拉说，他告诉沃尔卡罗，不会对其银行相关案件进行政治干预，只会由央行开展“技术调查”。路透社证实了此次会面。
Lula’s former finance minister, Guido Mantega, has also said he helped arrange a meeting with Vorcaro, Lula and the head of Brazil’s central bank to discuss banking policy. Lula has said he told Vorcaro there would be no political interference in his bank’s case, only a “technical investigation conducted by the central bank”. Reuters confirmed the meeting.
这场丑闻还牵连了该国最高法院。亚历山大·德莫雷斯在博索纳罗政变案审判中发挥核心作用，因此成为政治右翼的愤怒对象，而他自己与那名银行家的关系也受到质疑。
The scandal has also embroiled the country’s Supreme Court with Alexandre de Moraes, whose central role in Bolsonaro’s coup trial turned him into a subject of ire for the political right, facing questions about his own links to the banker.
德莫雷斯则反过来指控由博索纳罗任命的一名大法官存在不当行为，最高法院正在考虑对两名大法官的行为展开调查。美国干预会引发哪些担忧？
De Moraes has in turn accused a justice appointed by Bolsonaro of wrongdoing, with the court considering probes into the conduct of both justices. What are the concerns about US intervention?
人们还担心，特朗普政府可能出手干预，或试图代表博索纳罗影响选举结果。
Concerns that the Trump administration could intervene or seek to influence the outcome on behalf of Bolsonaro have also loomed over the election.
这位美国总统曾多次威胁，如果其支持的候选人未能获胜，就将切断对拉丁美洲国家的经济援助。特朗普还曾利用制裁，打击参与针对老博索纳罗案件的巴西司法人员，并把这起案件描绘为“政治迫害”。特朗普还対巴西加征高额关税，试图迫使巴西撤销该案。
The US president has frequently threatened to cut off economic assistance to Latin American countries if his preferred candidate fails to win. Trump had also used sanctions to target members of the Brazilian judiciary involved in the case against the elder Bolsonaro, which he portrayed as a “witch-hunt”. Trump also placed heavy tariffs on Brazil in a bid to have the case thrown out.
巴西政府拒绝向两名试图赴巴西的美国官员发放签证，称他们计划质疑巴西选举的公正性。卢拉的政府已警告美国不要干涉该国内政。
The country’s government denied visas to two US officials who sought to travel to Brazil, saying they planned to cast doubt on the integrity of Brazilian elections. Lula’s government has warned the US against meddling in the country’s domestic affairs.
特朗普本人也曾利用有关选举舞弊猖獗的虚假说法，为自己在2020年败选后继续留任进行辩护。
Trump has himself used false claims of rampant fraud to justify efforts to remain in office despite his election loss in 2020.
美国民主党31名国会议员近日致信国务卿马可·鲁比奥，批评其“显然试图干涉并可能破坏”巴西选举。
A group of 31 Democratic US Congress members recently sent a letter to US Secretary of State Marco Rubio criticising “an apparent effort to interfere with, and potentially undermine” Brazilian elections.
路透社报道称，巴西情报官员9月还向一个法国和德国代表团介绍了美国、俄罗斯等外部势力可能干涉巴西选举的情况。这些官员称，美国的干涉手段“从法律战，到公开承认的干预行为，不一而足”。
The Reuters news agency reported that Brazilian intelligence officials also briefed a French and German delegation in September about possible interference in the election by outside powers such as the US and Russia. The officials said that US interference ranged “from lawfare to interference that is openly acknowledged”.