一份报告显示，超过三分之一的以色列人出现了心理健康问题的症状。在10月7日袭击事件发生三年后，该国的医疗系统仍在努力应对其带来的影响。
More than a third of Israelis have shown symptoms of mental health conditions, a report found. Three years after the October 7 attack, the country's health system is still struggling to come to terms with its effects.
在以色列的诺瓦音乐节上，近400人遇害。随着10月7日事件三周年的临近，罗嫩·沙莱夫的身体似乎在告诉他，有什么事情即将发生。
Almost 400 people were murdered at the Nova festival in Israel As October 7's third anniversary approaches, Ronen Shalev's body tells him something's coming. "You start shivering," he tells DW.
“你会开始发抖，”他告诉德国之声，“这并不仅仅是一天过去就翻篇的事情。我们还有许多坟墓要去探望，许多家庭要去见。这是一个艰难的时刻，你会从身体上感受到它。”他的两个孩子都曾参加过在以色列南部举办的诺瓦派对，当时巴勒斯坦武装组织哈马斯及其加沙分支发动的恐怖袭击导致近400人死亡。此次袭击总共造成约1200人死亡，另有约250人被劫为人质。
"It's not just one day and you move on. We have many graves to visit, many families to meet. It's a difficult time and you feel it in your body." Both of his children attended the Nova Party in Israel 's south, where almost 400 people were killed in a terrorist attack carried out by Palestinian militant group Hamas and its affiliates in Gaza In total, roughly 1,200 people were killed in the attack and around 250 were taken hostage.
这次袭击引发了加沙战争，在此期间，以色列已杀害了数万名巴勒斯坦人，并导致该地区大部分人口流离失所。
The attack triggered the war in Gaza during which Israel has killed tens of thousands of Palestinians and displaced much of the territory's population.
沙莱夫的儿子罗伊中枪并被送往医院，但幸存了下来。罗伊的伴侣马帕尔·阿达姆则死在他眼前。沙莱夫的女儿利奥尔也成功脱险。
Shalev's son, Roee, was shot and hospitalized, but he survived. Roee's partner, Mapal Adam, was killed in front of his eyes. Shalev's daughter, Lior, also made it out.
在那天之后不久，沙莱夫的妻子加夫里埃拉失踪，后来她的尸体在一辆被烧毁的汽车中被发现，旁边还有一封告别信。“她无法承受那一天的痛苦，”沙莱夫说。
Shortly after that day, Shalev's wife Gavriela went missing, before her body was found in a burned car with a goodbye letter. "She couldn't handle the sorrow from that day," Shalev says.
与此同时，他儿子罗伊的创伤后症状也开始显现，主要表现为情绪剧烈波动。“他去接受治疗是为了让我满意，但他并不真正相信治疗。他认为自己没事，认为自己很坚强，”沙莱夫回忆道。加夫里埃拉去世两年后，罗伊也终于无法承受下去了。
At the same time, his son Roee's post-traumatic symptoms started emerging, mostly in the form of extreme mood swings. "He went to treatment to please me, but he didn't really believe in it. He thought he was OK, that he was strong," Shalev remembers. Two years after Gavriela's death, Roee couldn't take it anymore, either.
“我还活着，但内心已经死了，”罗伊在他发布在Instagram上的告别信息中写道。“对不起。”一个处于创伤后状态的国家。自2023年10月以来，以色列一直在应对一场规模空前的心理健康危机。
"I'm alive, but I'm dead within," Roee wrote in his goodbye message, which he posted on his Instagram account. "I'm sorry." A country in post-traumatic state Since October 2023, Israel has been grappling with a mental health crisis of unprecedented scale.
根据以色列国家审计长2025年2月发布的一份报告，约39%的以色列民众表示，他们遭受了中度或重度程度的创伤后症状、抑郁、焦虑或三者兼有。
According to a report by Israel's State Comptroller from February 2025, some 39% of the Israeli public reported suffering from post-traumatic symptoms, depression, anxiety or a combination of the three, on a medium or severe level.
这相当于约300万人，其中60万人可能遭受严重困扰。然而，该报告还发现，自2023年10月7日以来，接受心理健康治疗的人数仅增加了1%，差距约为6万人。
This amounts to some 3 million people, 600,000 of whom could suffer severely. However, the report also found that the number of people receiving mental health treatment had only risen by 1% since October 7, 2023, a difference of around 60,000 people.
受影响群体中包括袭击事件的幸存者，以及因战争而从以色列南部和北部家园撤离的人们。
Among the affected groups are survivors of the attack, as well as people evacuated from their homes in Israel's south and north due to the war.
诺加·达甘-布扎格洛（Noga Dagan-Buzaglo）是以色列“阿达瓦中心”（Adva Center）的研究员，该智库专注于研究以色列社会的不平等问题。她撰写了一篇关于以色列心理健康体系及其在10月7日事件后所面临挑战的深度论文。
Noga Dagan-Buzaglo is a researcher with the Adva Center, a think tank focusing on inequality in Israeli society. She wrote an extensive paper about Israel's mental health system and its challenges post-October 7.
她告诉德国之声（DW），尽管战争导致国家预算有所增加，但这一增幅既太少又太迟，因为医疗系统早已面临持续且未得到妥善处理的危机。
She tells DW that while the country's budget did increase due to the war, it was too little, too late, as the health system faced an ongoing crisis that was not handled properly.
“最大的挑战在于说服人们加入以色列的公共心理健康系统，一方面是因为与私营部门相比薪资较低，另一方面则是工作负担过重，”她说。
"The biggest challenge is convincing people to work in Israel's public mental health system, both due to lower wages in comparison to the private sector and due to an overload of work," she says.
幸存者悼念10月7日音乐节屠杀事件中的遇难者 要观看此视频，以及镇静剂常成为首选方案 当前局势也影响着心理健康专业人士。海法大学的研究发现，在10月7日袭击事件中受影响的民众中，84%的治疗师自身也出现了创伤症状，约45%的人表示感到精神疲惫。
Survivors mourn victims of October 7 music festival killings To view this video , and Sedatives often the go-to solution The current situation affects mental health professionals, too. Research by the University of Haifa found that 84% of the therapists who treated people affected by the October 7 attack showed traumatic symptoms themselves, and some 45% of them said they feel mentally exhausted.
以色列卫生部多次表示，已增加对该国公共心理健康系统的资金投入和岗位招聘，但人员短缺问题依然存在，尤其是在最北部和最南部的边缘地区。
Israel's Health Ministry has repeatedly said it has increased funding and job openings for the country's public mental health system, but staffing shortages remain, especially in peripheral regions in the far north and south.
由于这些问题，报告指出，通过以色列公共医疗系统接受治疗所需的等待时间超过六个月。达甘-布扎格洛表示，在某些情况下，患者甚至需要等待一年以上才能获得帮助。
Because of these issues, the report said waiting times for treatment through Israel's public healthcare system were longer than six months. In some cases, Dagan-Buzaglo says, patients had to wait more than a year before receiving help.
心理健康非政府组织和志愿者试图填补这些空白，但他们自身也常常因工作负担过重而陷入困境。这种情况还导致处方药的使用增加。有些人甚至开始依赖酒精和毒品等物质。
Mental health NGOs and volunteers try to fill the gaps, often struggling themselves under the workload. This also leads to an increased use of prescription medications. Some people turn to substances like alcohol and drugs.
以色列卫生部今年早些时候表示，镇静剂、助眠药和抗抑郁药的处方量上升了13%至17%。
The Israeli Ministry of Health said earlier this year that it haded a rise of between 13% and 17% in the prescription of sedatives, sleep aids and antidepressants.
受此状况影响最严重的是那些无力支付私人治疗费用的人。达甘-布扎格洛将以色列公共医疗系统对此事的应对方式称为“极其糟糕”。士兵是受以色列心理健康危机影响的群体之一。面临风险的士兵：战斗士兵在以色列心理健康危机中受到了特别关注。
Those who suffer from the situation the most are the ones who cannot afford to pay a private therapist. Dagan-Buzaglo labels the Israeli public health system's response to the situation as "simply bad." Soldiers are one of the groups affected by Israel's mental health crisis Soldiers at risk Combat soldiers have received a special focus when it comes to Israel's mental health crisis.
以色列议会和以色列国防军公布的统计数据表明，预备役人员中的自杀案例急剧上升：在战争前的六年里，每年最多仅有一起案例，而2024年则增至11起；2025年还有9起被调查为疑似自杀案件。这一数据并未包括在服役结束后因创伤而自杀的前士兵。
Statistics published by the Israeli parliament and the IDF suggest a sharp rise of suicide cases among reservists: from a maximum of one annual case in the six years preceding the war to 11 cases in 2024, as well as nine cases investigated as suspected suicides in 2025. This does not include ex-soldiers who committed suicide due to trauma after the end of their service.
Adva研究中心的研究员达甘-布扎格洛表示，尽管在军队工作能获得更好的薪酬和待遇，但人员短缺的问题依然明显。“在军队中，治疗的时间和效果也远未达到应有的水平。”
Dagan-Buzaglo, a researcher at the Adva Center, says that while professionals receive better pay and conditions working for the army, the lack of personnel is still apparent. "In the army, too, the length and quality of treatment are by far not at an adequate level."
她认为，要开始解决平民和士兵共同面临的问题，这个体系需要获得更多支持。“我们必须承认，创伤并不会在一年后就消失。这意味着需要投入资金。”罗南·沙莱夫定期举办讲座，谈论心理健康的重要性，听众常常是士兵群体。他认为，这是延续儿子“为生存而战”这一精神遗产的最佳方式。
To start solving the problem for both civilians and soldiers, she believes the system needs more support. "We have to acknowledge the fact that trauma is not over after a year. This means investing money." Breaking the taboo Ronen Shalev holds regular lectures and talks about the importance of mental health, often to groups of soldiers. He believes this is the best way to continue his son's legacy of fighting to live on.
沙莱夫本人曾被诊断出患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），他说自己选择尽情享受生活。
Shalev, who himself was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), says he made a choice to live his life to its fullest.
他的信息是：自杀倾向这一禁忌——在以色列社会至今仍普遍存在——必须被打破。“这一点尤其适用于那些自称坚强的人。他们才是最危险的，因为他们更可能拒绝接受治疗。”对沙莱夫而言，公开讲述自己家庭的经历已成为他康复过程的一部分，也是一种鼓励他人及时寻求帮助、避免陷入危机的方式。
His message: The taboo regarding suicidality — which still exists across Israeli society — needs to be broken. "This is especially true regarding those who say they are strong. They're the scary ones as they're less likely to receive treatment." For Shalev, speaking publicly about his family's experience has become part of his own recovery — and a way to encourage others to seek help before they reach a crisis point.
“尽管生活充满痛苦，但它仍然值得我们去选择继续活下去，”他说。10月7日幸存者回忆尼罗兹基布兹遭袭事件如果你正遭受严重的情绪困扰或有自杀念头，请毫不犹豫地寻求专业帮助。无论你在世界何处，都可以通过以下网站获取相关帮助信息：编辑：安德烈亚斯·伊尔默
"Life, with all its pain, is still worth deciding in favor of," he said. October 7 survivors recall attacks on Kibbutz Nir Oz If you are suffering from serious emotional strain or suicidal thoughts, do not hesitate to seek professional help. You can find information on where to find such help, no matter where you live in the world, at this website: Edited by: Andreas Illmer