沙特支持的部队与也门政府已发起攻势，旨在将胡塞武装从曼德海峡驱逐出去。局势升级威胁着一条至关重要的全球贸易通道，同时加剧了人口流离失所和地区代理冲突的紧张态势。
Saudi-backed forces and Yemen's government have launched an offensive to dislodge Houthis from the Bab el-Mandeb strait. The escalation threatens a crucial global trade corridor while deepening displacement and regional proxy tensions.
沙特阿拉伯和也门政府已发起军事行动，试图将伊朗支持的胡塞叛军赶出曼德海峡。该海峡是石油和全球贸易的重要通道，而也门多年来最激烈的战斗正在加剧地区的不稳定。
Saudi Arabia and Yemen's government have launched a military campaign to push Iran-backed Houthi rebels out of the Bab el-Mandeb strait, a vital route for oil and global trade, as the worst fighting in Yemen in years deepens instability in the region.
胡塞武装通过加强对沙特阿拉伯的导弹和无人机袭击作为回应，声称其目标包括利雅得国际机场、沙特阿美炼油厂以及沙特军事基地。此次升级发生在美伊持续紧张之际，油价居高不下，周二布伦特原油价格徘徊在每桶100美元左右，而伊朗战争爆发前约为每桶70美元。
The Houthis have responded by stepping up missile and drone attacks on Saudi Arabia, claiming to have targeted Riyadh's international airport, an Aramco refinery and Saudi military bases. The escalation comes amid continuing tension between the US and Iran, with oil prices remaining high and Brent crude hovering around USD 100 per barrel on Tuesday, up from about USD 70 before the Iran war.
也门冲突对阿拉伯世界最贫穷的国家造成了毁灭性影响。胡塞武装于2014年从其北部根据地南下，夺取了首都萨那，随后沙特领导的联军于2015年介入，支持也门获得国际承认的政府。多年的战斗演变为沙特与伊朗之间的代理战争，导致超过15万人死亡，其中包括战斗人员和平民，并造成了全球最严重的人道主义灾难之一。2022年的停火协议大体得到遵守，直到今年夏天。
Yemen's conflict has had a devastating impact on the Arab world's poorest country. The Houthis swept down from their northern stronghold and seized the capital, Sanaa, in 2014, before a Saudi-led coalition intervened in 2015 in support of Yemen's internationally recognised government. Years of fighting turned into a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran, killing more than 150,000 people, including fighters and civilians, and creating one of the world's worst humanitarian disasters. A 2022 ceasefire was largely honoured until this summer.
最新战斗集中在阿拉伯半岛南端的曼德海峡，该海峡连接红海与亚丁湾。全球约12%的贸易量，包括全球四分之一的集装箱运输量，经由埃及苏伊士运河连接欧洲与亚洲的航线上通过这条狭窄水道。在伊朗因美国和以色列于2月28日发动的更大规模战争而最初关闭霍尔木兹海峡后，曼德海峡也成为沙特石油出口的关键替代路线。
The latest fighting is centred on the Bab el-Mandeb strait at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, which links the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. About 12 per cent of global trade, including a quarter of the world's container traffic, passes through the narrow waterway on the route between Europe and Asia via Egypt's Suez Canal. It also became a key alternative route for Saudi oil exports after Iran initially shut down the Strait of Hormuz following the wider war launched by the US and Israel on February 28.
上个月，胡塞武装迅速沿红海海岸推进，占领了穆哈港及曼德海峡上的多个岛屿，从而加强了他们所谓的对沙特船只的封锁。在胡塞武装占领了位于塔伊兹市附近、曾是政府军重要集结地的图尔巴镇后，得到沙特支持的军队随即发起夺回红海沿岸地区的攻势。塔伊兹作为这场持续12年的也门内战的主要战场之一，战斗异常激烈，若被胡塞武装控制将对其意义重大。
Last month, the Houthis moved rapidly down the Red Sea coast, capturing the port city of Mokha and islands in the Bab el-Mandeb, tightening what they called a blockade of Saudi shipping. The Saudi-backed offensive to retake the Red Sea coast began after the Houthis captured Turbah, a town near the western city of Taiz that had served as an important staging ground for government forces. Taiz, one of the main battlegrounds in the 12-year civil war, has seen some of the heaviest fighting and would be a major gain for the Houthis.
据国际移民组织统计，自8月初以来，这场冲突已导致超过18.4万名民众流离失所。该组织称，9月27日至10月3日期间，近2.2万名民众被迫逃离家园，这一数字较前一周增长了26%；仅10月4日一天，就有近6500人流离失所。
The fighting has displaced more than 184,000 people since the start of August, according to the International Organisation for Migration. It said nearly 22,000 people were displaced between September 27 and October 3, a 26 per cent rise from the previous week. Nearly 6,500 people were displaced on October 4 alone.
也门官员透露，沙特领导的联军已重新夺回胡塞武装近几周来占领的曼德海峡周边多个要地，其中包括杜巴布镇。这些官员要求匿名发言，因为他们并未获得向媒体通报的授权。据他们介绍，联军还占领了巴布镇与哈代德镇。另有两名因担心遭到报复而选择匿名的目击者称，他们亲眼看到政府军的坦克与部队开进了这些城镇。
Yemeni officials said the Saudi-led coalition has recaptured several key areas around the Bab el-Mandeb that the Houthis had taken in recent weeks, including the town of Dhubab. The coalition also took the towns of Bab and Hadeid, the officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to brief reporters. Two witnesses, also speaking anonymously for fear of reprisal, said they saw government tanks and forces entering the towns.
沙特官方对胡塞武装的反击行动鲜有详细说明。沙特方面周二称，其境内两座机场遭到袭击，造成三人受轻伤且设施受损。两名地区官员则表示，沙特认为只有施加军事压力才能促使胡塞武装重返谈判桌。由于无权公开谈论沙特内部决策过程，这两名官员也要求匿名发言。
Saudi officials have given little detail about the Houthi counterattacks. The kingdom said on Tuesday that two of its airports had been attacked, leaving three people with minor injuries and causing damage to the facilities. Two regional officials said Saudi Arabia believes the rebels will not return to negotiations without military pressure. The officials were not authorised to speak publicly about internal Saudi discussions and spoke on condition of anonymity.
国际危机组织的也门问题高级分析师艾哈迈德·纳吉指出，沙特支持的这次军事行动旨在削弱胡塞武装的力量，并“传递一个明确信号：沙特有能力改变也门境内的控制格局”。他说：“沙特方面已经忍无可忍。这不仅是因为胡塞武装拒绝重返谈判桌，还因为他们不断扩张势力范围、提出愈发极端的要求，还持续对沙特发动袭击。”
Ahmed Nagi, senior Yemen analyst at the International Crisis Group, said the Saudi-backed offensive is meant to weaken the Houthis and "send a clear message that it has the capabilities to change the map of control inside Yemen". "The Saudis are fed up," he said. "Not simply because the Houthis have refused to return to negotiations, but because they have continued to expand, become more maximalist in their demands and keep attacking Saudi Arabia."
据两位不愿透露姓名的地区官员及美国官员透露，美国通过情报共享、目标识别及作战规划等方式为沙特的军事行动提供了支持。不过，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普并不愿扩大美国在中东的军事介入规模，目前也尚未下令美军重新对胡塞武装发动打击。然而特朗普也警告称，11月美国国会选举结束后，他可能会重新启动大规模军事行动；与此同时，伊朗或许也在策划通过代理人发动袭击。
The US has supported Saudi Arabia in the campaign through intelligence sharing, target identification and planning, according to a regional official and a US official who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to speak to reporters. But US President Donald Trump has shown reluctance to widen American military involvement in the Middle East and, for now, is not ordering the US military to resume its own strikes on the rebels. Trump has, however, warned that he could restart full-scale military operations after the US congressional elections in November, while Iran may be planning proxy attacks.
巴基斯坦与土耳其表示，根据新签署的防务协议，两国将向沙特派遣军队，不过尚未公布具体兵力规模及其他细节。分析人士指出，巴基斯坦在打击国内武装分子方面积累了丰富经验，加上巴土两国的技术实力，这些都有助于强化沙特抵御无人机等威胁的能力。
Pakistan and Turkiye have said they are sending military forces to Saudi Arabia under a new defence pact, though they have not given troop numbers or other details. Analysts said Pakistan's experience in fighting its own militants, along with Pakistani and Turkish technological capabilities, could help strengthen Saudi defences against threats such as drones.
此次在曼德海峡周边发起的军事攻势以及对沙特的报复性袭击，标志着这场持续已久的也门战争出现了新的重大转折。对一条战略贸易通道的争夺、大量民众流离失所以及外部势力的持续介入，都凸显出这场冲突影响范围的不断扩大。
The latest offensive around the Bab el-Mandeb and the retaliatory attacks on Saudi Arabia mark a sharp new turn in Yemen's long war, with the fight over a strategic trade route, rising displacement and outside support all underlining the widening impact of the conflict.