数百人在与警方的冲突中受伤，多所学校被迫关闭，这是数十年来法国最大规模的青年抗议运动，抗议对象是法国高中（lycées，教授15至18岁学生）的现状。
and forced to close and hundreds of people have been injured amid clashes with police in the biggest youth protest movement in decades over the state of French lycées where 15- to 18-year-olds are taught.
中学生表示，教育系统充满不平等，许多校舍年久失修，班级规模过大，且师资和经费严重不足。法国总理承诺回应他所谓的“合理”诉求，包括班级规模、上课时长过长、校舍破败以及教师配备问题。那么，法国高中究竟有多糟糕？主要问题是什么？
School students say the education system is riven with inequality, that many buildings are in disrepair, class sizes are too big, and there are not enough teachers or funding. The French prime minister has promised to address what he called “legitimate” complaints, including on class sizes, long hours, dilapidated buildings and teacher provisions. So how bad are French high schools and what are the main problems?
是的。根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的数据，在法国贫困社区出生并接受教育的孩子，摆脱其社会经济背景的机会比大多数其他发达国家都要小。
Yes. A child born and schooled in a deprived neighbourhood in France has less chance of escaping their socioeconomic background than in most other developed nations, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
经合组织法国教育分析师埃里克·沙博尼耶表示，法国最优势和最劣势学生的表现存在显著差距。“而且通常劣势学生就读于劣势学校，”他说。这引发了对教学质量和教师缺勤率上升的担忧。
Éric Charbonnier, a French education analyst at the OECD, said there was a marked gap between the performance of the most advantaged and disadvantaged school students in France. “And often disadvantaged students are in disadvantaged schools,” he said. This has raised issues of the quality of learning being delivered and higher absenteeism of teachers.
教师工会和社会学家表示，法国儿童常因家庭背景、邮编和收入而被隔离，这直接影响教育成果。法国高中校舍真的破败不堪、老鼠横行、天花板坍塌吗？
Teachers’ unions and sociologists have said children in France are often segregated by their background, postcode and income, with a direct impact on education outcomes. Are French high school buildings dilapidated and rat-infested with collapsing ceilings?
部分确实如此，主要集中在某些城市和低收入郊区。学生和教师拍摄的视频显示，校舍漏雨、老鼠窜跑、墙壁和天花板有洞、厕所损坏，桌椅不足，导致教师不得不搬运桌椅上课。一些学生表示，他们不得不在漏雨水滴入水桶的教室里上课，或移动课桌以避免淋湿。去年五六月的热浪期间，许多教室温度超过35摄氏度（95华氏度）。
Some are, namely in certain cities and low-income suburbs. Videos filmed by students and teachers have shown leaks, scurrying rats, holes in walls and ceilings, broken toilets and not enough chairs or tables, meaning teachers have to carry them from classroom to classroom. Some children said they had to learn in class while leaks were pouring into buckets, or move desks to avoid getting wet. Many school classrooms experienced temperatures over 35C (95F) in the heatwaves of last May and June.
近年来的估算显示，法国各级数千所中小学亟需维修，其中包括许多建于20世纪60年代的校舍。法国大区负责高中校舍的维护，但已向中央政府申请增加预算。一份参议院报告建议，未来几年需投入数十亿欧元用于学校翻新维修，以及应对气候危机的影响。班级规模是否比其他可比国家大？
Estimates in recent years have pointed to thousands of French schools at all levels, both primary and secondary, in need of repair. These include many 1960s school buildings. French regions are responsible for upkeep of high school buildings, but have asked for higher budgets from the government. A senate report has advised that billions need to be spent in the coming years to renovate and repair schools, as well as to address the impact of the climate crisis. Are class sizes bigger than other comparable countries?
是的，且往往集中在城市地区。沙博尼耶表示：“法国语文课平均有29名学生，而经合组织（OECD）平均为26人。然而，这一平均数掩盖了巨大差异——尤其是大城市与农村地区之间的差异。”本周，巴黎及其郊区的教师和学生描述称，许多高中班级有36名甚至更多学生，但在一些农村地区人数可能较少。法国教育部的数据显示，近年来班级规模有所扩大。法国的上学时间是否更长？
Yes, and often in urban areas. Charbonnier said: “There are an average of 29 students in French language lessons, compared with 26 across the OECD. However, this average masks substantial differences – particularly between large cities and rural areas.”Teachers and school students in Paris and its suburbs this week described many high school classes of 36 pupils or more, but in some rural areas it can be fewer. Figures from the French education ministry show class sizes have increased in recent years. Are school days longer in France?
沙博尼耶表示：“就授课时数而言，法国确实比大多数经合组织国家多。”这适用于小学和所有中学阶段。
“In terms of number of instructional hours, France really has more hours than most of the OECD countries,” Charbonnier said. This is true of primary and all levels of secondary education.
教学也被压缩在更短的周期内，每学年仅36周上课，少于经合组织平均水平。设路障抗议的高中生抱怨称，经常要从早8点上到晚6点，中间有许多空窗期。教师表示，这是由于高考改革允许学生更自由地选择学科组合，导致排课困难。法国政府已承诺重新审视上学时长。教师缺勤不安排替代，导致学生缺课，甚至在考试年份也是如此？
Teaching is also squeezed into shorter periods, with 36 weeks of school per year, fewer weeks than the OECD average. High school pupils at barricades have complained of regularly having school days that run from 8am to 6pm, with many gaps during the day. Teachers said this was due to timetable challenges after changes to the baccalaureate that allowed for more individual choice of subject combinations. The French government has undertaken to review the length of school days. Are absent teachers not replaced, leaving pupils without key classes, even in exam years? Yes, sometimes.
是的，这种情况时有发生。教育部已承认，由于种种原因，全年约有10%的教学课时未能正常实施，亟需加以解决。
The education ministry has acknowledged that about 10% of teaching hours across the year are not delivered, for various reasons, and that it is urgent to fix this.
教师工会SNES-FSU估计，在9月新学年伊始，超过半数的公立初中和高中都存在至少一名教师缺位的情况。参与抗议的学生们表示，在低收入地区的学校里，未被替补的缺勤教师数量更多。
The education union SNES-FSU estimated that at least one teacher was lacking in more than half of all public middle schools and high schools at the start of the September school year. On the barricades, protesting students said there were more absent teachers not replaced in schools in low-income areas.
去年，来自极左政党“不屈法国”的议员巴斯蒂安·拉肖向议会提问：政府能否证实家长组织FCPE在2019年所做的估算——即位于法国最贫困地区之一的巴黎塞纳-圣但尼省，当地学生因教师缺勤且未被替补，导致他们错过了20%的教学课时；这一比例相当于一生中几乎整整一年未能接受教育。教育部在回复中称无法证实这一估算数据，但表示正在逐步填补越来越多的教师空缺。
In a question to parliament last year, the MP Bastien Lachaud, from the radical-left party La France Insoumise, asked if the government could confirm 2019 estimations by the parents’ organisation FCPE that school students in Seine-Saint-Denis outside Paris, one of the poorest areas in France, missed 20% of their teaching hours because absent teachers were not replaced – amounting to almost one whole year of missed schooling over a lifetime. In a response, the education ministry said it could not confirm that estimation but said an increasing number of absent teachers were being replaced.
各工会还指出，学校也可能缺少非教学类工作人员，比如校医以及为残疾学生提供辅助服务的人员。法国的初中和高中教育投入是否低于其他欧洲国家？
Unions said non-teaching staff could also be lacking, including school nurses and support staff for students with a disability. Does France spend less money on secondary education than its European neighbours?
其实并非如此。法国在15至18岁青少年的中等教育上的投入实际上高于许多欧洲国家。不过分析人士对法国政府资金的使用方式及其成效提出了质疑。例如，处于职业生涯中期及后期的教师薪资水平相对偏低。
No, France actually spends more than many other countries on high schools for children aged 15 and 18, but analysts question how the French government is spending its money and for what outcomes. For example, teachers’ middle and end-career salaries are comparatively low.
夏尔邦涅说：“法国对上层次教育（即中学）的支出比组织经济合作与发展组织（OECD）平均水平高出28%，而对包括学前教育和小学在内的基础教育的支出则低于OECD平均水平11%。”他表示，法国在中学教育上支出较多的原因之一是其提供了大量昂贵的职业教育项目，但这些项目即便在法国国内也常常缺乏认可。
Charbonnier said: “France’s expenditure on upper secondary education [lycées – or high schools] is 28% higher than the OECD average, while its spending on the first levels of education, including pre-primary and primary, is 11% below the OECD average.”He said the reason for France’s higher spend on high schools included its large provision of costly vocational programmes, which nevertheless often lack recognition even within France.