艾琳·库滕巴赫无论富裕还是贫穷的国家，都必须更加迅速地采取行动减少债务并应对日益加剧的不平等现象，因为他们的经济正遭受人工智能热潮、大量借款以及中东和乌克兰战争带来的冲击这三重打击，国际货币基金组织总干事在星期三表示。
ELAINE KURTENBACH Countries both rich and poor must take faster action to cut debt and counter growing inequality as their economies weather a triple whammy from the artificial intelligence boom, heavy borrowing and shocks from wars in the Middle East and Ukraine, the head of the IMF said Wednesday.
“面临的政治选择非常艰难，无法回避，”国际货币基金组织总干事克里斯塔利娜·乔治耶娃在新加坡发表讲话时表示，她的讲话是在下周将在曼谷举行的秋季国际货币基金组织与世界银行会议召开之前。
“Some very tough political choices stare us in the face,” IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said in a speech in Singapore ahead of autumn IMF-World Bank meetings to be held in Bangkok next week.
“我下周要传递给世界经济政策制定者的信息是这样的：我们不能再推迟必要的政策行动——你们拥有工具，现在需要有 wisdom来使用它们，”她说。
“My message to the world’s economic policymakers next week will be this: we cannot keep delaying necessary policy action — you have the tools, now have the wisdom to use them,” she said.
在曼谊举行的会议上，191个国际货币基金组织与世界银行成员国的财政部长和央行 governor们将评估全球经济状况并讨论支持金融稳定和持续增长的战略。
At the meetings in Bangkok, finance ministers and central bank governors of 191 IMF-World Bank member countries will assess the state of the world economy and discuss strategies to support financial stability and sustained growth.
乔治耶娃指出，最近对全球福祉造成最沉重打击的是中东、乌克兰和其他地区的冲突。
So far, the hardest recent hits to global well-being have come from conflicts in the Middle East, Ukraine and elsewhere, Georgieva noted.
但她还指出，过高的债务负担正日益增加，影响到美国、日本、德国等富裕国家，以及低收入国家在高利率时期，不得不在公共福利支出和偿还沉重贷款之间做出选择。
But excessive debt is a growing burden for wealthy countries such as the U.S., Japan and Germany, as well as low-income countries that must choose between spending on public welfare or repaying onerous loans at a time of high interest rates, she noted.
乔治耶娃指出，与人工智能相关的风险日益突出，数据中心容量的快速扩建推动了许多地区的股票价格达到历史新高，尽管伊朗战争带来了高昂的能源成本，但仍支撑着强劲的经济增长。
Georgieva pointed to risks associated with the rapid buildup of data center capacity to deliver artificial intelligence, which has helped push stock prices in many places to record highs, supporting strong economic growth despite high energy costs due to the Iran war.
人工智能的投资可能会超过铁路建设、电网建设和电信网络建设的支出规模。
Investments in AI are likely to exceed the relative scale of spending on building railroads, electricity grids and telecommunications networks.
“无论你是喜欢、讨厌还是害怕人工智能，它已经来到了我们身边，正在迅速成为各国在世界经济中相对财富的关键驱动力，”她说。
“Love it, hate it or fear it, AI is here, rapidly becoming a key driver of countries’ relative fortunes in the world economy,” she said.
AI建设热潮正在支撑强劲的企业盈利以及更高的通货膨胀。但格奥尔基耶娃表示，涉及的大量投资与AI效益的到来之间存在一定的滞后性。
The AI building boom is underpinning robust corporate earnings as well as higher inflation. But there is a lag between the heavy investments involved and the arrival of AI’s benefits, Georgieva said.
“如果盈利不达预期，”她说，“超大规模云服务提供商的杠杆作用以及美国股票日益庞大的全球持仓可能会把失望转化为更广泛的冲击。”她指出，10个最重要的AI相关贸易国中有7个位于亚太地区，全球经济活动在该地区的份额从1991年会议上一次在曼谷举办时期的25%上升至43%。
“Should earnings fall short,” she said, “hyperscaler leverage and large and growing global holdings of U.S. equities could turn a disappointment into a far-reaching shock.”Seven of the top 10 countries for AI-related trade are in the Asia-Pacific region, where the share of global economic activity has risen to 43% from 25% in 1991, the last time the meetings were held in Bangkok.
格奥尔基耶娃表示，尽管中国、印度、日本、韩国、台湾以及其他科技实力强劲的国家正在从AI热潮中受益，但这场热潮正跳过大多数其他国家，从而加剧了经济不平等。AI还在推高能源需求，使燃料、化肥、食品和其他关键大宗商品的价格更进一步上涨。
While China, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries with strong tech sectors are benefiting from the AI boom, it is bypassing most others, Georgieva said, adding to economic inequality. AI also is raising energy demand, pushing prices for fuel, fertilizer, food and other key commodities still higher.
她敦促各国控制公共支支出，并根据需要提高借款成本以控制通货膨胀，同时保护社会中最脆弱的人群。
She urged countries to rein in public spending and to raise the cost of borrowing as needed to control inflation, while protecting the most vulnerable members of their societies.
格奥尔基耶娃表示，需要出台政策以确保AI得到良好的监管，并培训工人、使劳动市场更加灵活、促进创业以及改善能源安全。
Policies are needed to ensure AI is well regulated and to train workers, make labor markets more flexible, facilitate entrepreneurship and improve energy security, Georgieva said.