欧盟与中国在经济关系上已来到十字路口：欧盟正努力应对国家补贴导致的产能过剩、经济依赖和去工业化问题，同时各成员国推动实施市场限制措施以缩小贸易逆差，而北京方面则警告可能引发贸易战。
The EU and China have reached a crossroads in economic relations as the bloc grapples with state-subsidized overcapacity, economic dependence, and deindustrialization, while member states push for market restrictions to help shrink the trade deficit and Beijing warns of a trade war.
欧洲和中国的顶级贸易官员正在北京举行第二轮会谈，以解决日益扩大的结构性失衡问题。
Top European and Chinese trade officials are meeting in Beijing for the second round of talks to address widening structural imbalances.
此次会谈是在6月于布鲁塞尔举行的首轮会谈之后进行的，首轮会谈聚焦于贸易再平衡、出口管制、知识产权以及世界贸易组织（WTO）的改革。
The talks follow an initial session held in Brussels in June, which focused on trade rebalancing, export control, intellectual property, and reforms for the World Trade Organization (WTO).
欧盟的《工业加速器法案》（IAA）旨在加强欧盟的工业生产能力，以应对单边外部依赖和去工业化的威胁，其中多项措施特别针对中国。
The EU’s Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA), aimed at strengthening the bloc’s industrial production amid the threat of unilateral external dependence and deindustrialization, involves steps particularly targeting China.
该草案包括通过实施严格的公共采购原产地规则以及为本地生产商提供激励措施，来保护和提升关键领域的工业产能。
The draft includes measures to protect and boost industrial capacity in key sectors by imposing strict origin rules in public procurement and providing incentives for local producers.
中国方面认为，该草案及其带来的进一步保护主义措施将为中国企业设置投资壁垒，并对其进行系统性歧视。
China argues that the draft and the further protectionist measures it brings to the table will introduce investment barriers for Chinese firms and systematically discriminate against them.
本周早些时候，法国和德国领导人呼吁欧盟委员会实施新的贸易保护工具，包括限制市场准入。
The leaders of France and Germany called on the European Commission earlier this week to implement new trade protection tools including restrictions on market access.
这封信函要求建立一种机制，以便能够系统且坚决地作出回应，包括立即暂停市场准入。
The letter calls for a mechanism to enable systematic and resolute responses, including the immediate suspension of market access.
在过去十年中，欧洲对中国的贸易逆差翻了一番多，到2025年达到3598亿美元，双方之间的摩擦也日益加剧。
As Europe’s trade deficit with China more than doubled over the past decade to reach $359.8 billion in 2025, friction between the two parties intensified.
去年，欧盟从中国进口的商品增长了6.4%，而对中国出口的则下降了6.5%。
The EU’s imports from China rose 6.4% while its exports to China dropped 6.5% last year.
制成品占中国对欧洲全部进口额的97.3%，其中电气设备和工业机械是最大的两类商品，进口额分别为1649亿美元和1065亿美元。
Manufactured products made up 97.3% of all Chinese imports to Europe, with electrical equipment and industrial machinery accounting for the largest categories of goods at $164.9 billion and $106.5 billion, respectively.
欧洲政策制定者担忧，获得补贴的中国制造商正在汽车、化工和电子等基础产业中扩大其在欧洲的市场份额。
European policymakers are concerned that subsidized Chinese manufacturers are gaining a larger market share in Europe across foundational sectors such as automobiles, chemicals, and electronics.
欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩上个月向欧洲议会警告称，第二次“中国冲击”正在到来，这与20世纪90年代曾重创西方工业基础的钢铁危机如出一辙。
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen warned the European Parliament last month that a second China shock is coming, mirroring the 1990s steel crisis that hurt Western industrial bases.
随着欧盟于3月通过《工业与汽车战略》（IAA），德国与法国一道，一改历史上对保护主义措施持谨慎态度的立场，转而要求采取更严厉的措施应对中国。
With the EU’s IAA in March, Germany joined France in a major shift from its historically cautious stance toward protectionist measures, demanding even tougher interventions against China.
布鲁塞尔的决策者计划除IAA中的措施外，还开发一系列新的贸易防御工具，例如用于应对经济胁迫的快速反应机制，以及要求在欧洲关键领域运营的企业至少从三个不同国家采购原材料的规定。
Decision-makers in Brussels are planning to develop a series of new trade defense tools in addition to the measures in the IAA, such as a rapid-response mechanism to counter economic coercion and a requirement for European firms operating in key sectors to source materials from at least three distinct countries.
这些提议包括设立一项团结基金，以保护欧洲生产商免受可能来自中国的报复性措施；同时赋予欧盟委员会权力，可征收类似于美国1974年《贸易法》第301条所规定的关税。
Among the proposals are a solidarity fund to shield European producers against potential Chinese retaliation and a power to be granted to the Commission to impose tariffs similar to those under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 in the US.
中国则警告称，欧盟的IAA提案以及法德联合信函中隐含的措施将导致不公平竞争，违反世界贸易组织（WTO）规则，并引发贸易战。
China responded with a warning that the EU’s IAA proposal and the measures implied in the Franco-German letter would lead to unfair competition, violate World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, and trigger a trade war.
中国商务部4月27日表示，IAA草案将形成投资壁垒，因为该法案涵盖了电池、电动汽车（EV）、太阳能电池板和关键原材料等新兴战略领域，可能限制包括中国在内的外国投资。
The Chinese Commerce Ministry said on April 27 that the IAA draft would create an investment barrier, as the legislation covers emerging strategic sectors like batteries, electric vehicles (EVs), solar panels, and critical raw materials, potentially restricting foreign investment, including from China.
中国外交部长王毅在9月22日与德国外交部长约翰·瓦德富尔的通话中表示，中国和欧盟必须共同捍卫多边主义和自由贸易，以应对日益显现的反全球化趋势。
Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi said China and the EU must jointly defend multilateralism and free trade against the emerging anti-globalization trends in a phone call with his German counterpart, Johann Wadephul, on Sept. 22.
中国贸易官员重申，将贸易政治化以及将国家安全武器化只会进一步扰乱全球供应链，而无法帮助解决欧洲工业竞争力的根本问题。
Chinese trade officials reiterated that politicizing trade and weaponizing national security will further disrupt global supply chains without helping improve Europe’s underlying industrial competitiveness issues.
欧盟谈判代表团将在下周的欧洲理事会峰会上，向欧洲领导人通报北京会谈的成果。
The EU negotiation delegation will brief European leaders on the outcome of the Beijing talks during the European Council summit next week.
该集团新提出的贸易防御工具和市场限制措施，可能最早于12月实施，具体取决于理事会会议期间达成的共识。
The bloc’s newly proposed trade defense instruments and market restrictions could be enforced as early as December, depending on the consensus reached during the council meeting.