约瑟夫·克劳斯 自美国总统唐纳德·特朗普和阿拉伯盟友斡旋达成停火协议、承诺结束加沙战争以来已过去一年，以色列仍在对这片满目疮痍的领土发动致命袭击。
JOSEPH KRAUSS It’s been a year since a ceasefire deal brokered by U.S. President Donald Trump and Arab allies promised to end the war in Gaza , and Israel is still launching deadly strikes on the devastated territory.
该协议叫停了大规模军事行动，释放了所有剩余人质，并增加了人道主义准入。但它未能兑现由国际部队协助建立新巴勒斯坦行政机构、哈马斯解除武装以及结束以色列对该领土一半以上地区控制的承诺。几乎没有任何东西得到重建。
The agreement halted major military operations, freed all remaining hostages and increased humanitarian access. But it has failed to deliver on promises of a new Palestinian administration aided by international forces, the disarmament of Hamas and an end to Israel’s control over more than half the territory. Almost nothing has been rebuilt.
以色列将其他问题的任何进展与哈马斯彻底解除武装挂钩，而该武装组织——以及特朗普政府——表示这些应同时进行。以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡在夏季强硬了立场，在本月晚些时候的以色列大选前公开违抗其最重要的盟友特朗普。
Israel has tied any progress on the other issues to Hamas’ complete disarmament, while the militant group — and the Trump administration — say they should happen simultaneously. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hardened his stance over the summer, openly defying Trump, his most important ally, ahead of Israeli elections later this month.
这种角力让加沙200万巴勒斯坦人陷入困境。大多数人躲藏在老鼠横行的帐篷营地、昔日社区的废墟中，或面临倒塌风险的战损建筑里。
The wrangling has left Gaza’s 2 million Palestinians in limbo. Most are sheltering in rodent-infested tent camps , the rubble of their former neighborhoods or war-damaged buildings at risk of collapse .
这项20点停火协议是在拜登和特朗普政府主持下经过数月谈判达成的，结束了大规模军事行动，并促成了哈马斯2023年10月7日发动袭击（该袭击点燃了战火）中劫持的所有剩余人质获释。
The 20-point ceasefire agreement , reached after months of negotiations under the Biden and Trump administrations, ended major military operations and led to the return of all the remaining hostages taken in Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack that ignited the war.
哈马斯领导的武装分子当天杀害约1200人，绑架251人。据加沙卫生部称，以色列以大规模轰炸和地面入侵进行回击，造成超过7.4万巴勒斯坦人死亡。
Hamas-led militants killed some 1,200 people that day and abducted 251 . Israel responded with massive bombardment and a ground invasion that has killed more than 74,000 Palestinians, according to the Gaza Health Ministry.
该部门隶属于哈马斯领导的政府，保存着详细记录，被联合国机构和独立专家普遍视为可靠。其死亡数字不区分平民和武装分子，但称妇女和儿童约占死亡人数的一半。
The ministry, part of the Hamas-run government, maintains detailed records and is seen as generally reliable by U.N. agencies and independent experts. It does not distinguish between civilians and militants in its toll but says women and children make up around half the dead.
协议宣布后，特朗普呼吁开启中东和谐新时代。“我们有千载难逢的机会，将旧日的恩怨和深仇大恨抛在脑后，”他在纪念该协议的峰会上表示。
After the deal was announced, Trump called for a new era of harmony in the Middle East. “We have a once-in-a-lifetime chance to put the old feuds and bitter hatreds behind us,” he said at a summit marking the deal.
协议要求哈马斯将权力移交给一个巴勒斯坦行政人员委员会，该委员会由和平委员会审核把关，该委员会是一个由特朗普担任主席、负责执行停火的新机构。
The agreement called for Hamas to hand over power to a committee of Palestinian administrators vetted by the Board of Peace , a new body chaired by Trump and charged with implementing the ceasefire.
武装分子于7月正式解散了其政府，但保留了文职机构，并仍是加沙地带约40%非以色列军队控制区域的主导力量。与此同时，以色列禁止新的巴勒斯坦政府通过埃及进入加沙。
The militants officially dissolved their government in July but left the civil service intact and remain the dominant power in the roughly 40% of Gaza not controlled by the Israeli military. Israel has meanwhile barred the new Palestinian administration from entering Gaza via Egypt.
国际稳定部队的组建于2月宣布，但迄今尚未成行。承诺派遣最大规模军力——8000名士兵——的印度尼西亚，在去年春天将该计划搁置，因为世界关注点转向了伊朗战争。
The formation of an International Stabilization Force was announced in February but has yet to materialize . Indonesia, which pledged the largest troop contingent — 8,000 soldiers — put those plans on hold last spring as the world’s focus shifted to the Iran war .
以色列本应从加沙撤军，却反而夺取了更多领土，将所谓的“黄色控制线”向西推进至地中海方向。以色列还定期袭击其指控违反停火、接近黄线或参与了10月7日袭击的个人——这些袭击往往造成平民伤亡。
Israel was supposed to withdraw from Gaza but has instead seized more territory, pushing the so-called yellow Line of Control westward toward the Mediterranean Sea. It has also carried out regular strikes on individuals it accused of violating the ceasefire, approaching the yellow line or having taken part in the Oct. 7 attack — strikes that have often killed civilians.
据加沙卫生部统计，停火生效以来，以色列袭击已造成逾1400名巴勒斯坦人死亡。同期，零星袭击在加沙导致五名以色列士兵丧生。
Israeli strikes have killed over 1,400 Palestinians since the ceasefire took effect, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. Sporadic attacks have killed five Israeli soldiers in Gaza in the same period.
7月，特朗普宣布了一项哈马斯解除武装的协议，将其描绘为长期停滞进程中的突破。
In July, Trump announced a deal to disarm Hamas, portraying it as a breakthrough in the long-stalled process.
该协议是原停火协议的延伸，要求哈马斯“以渐进、循序和有时限的方式”解除武装，并“与以色列分阶段撤军挂钩”。哈马斯首次确认已同意解除武装，同时也将其与以色列停止袭击和从加沙撤军挂钩。
That deal , an extension of the original ceasefire, called for Hamas to disarm “in a gradual, sequential and time-bound manner” that is “linked to an Israeli withdrawal, in phases.”Hamas confirmed for the first time that it had agreed to disarm, also linking it to Israel halting its strikes and withdrawing from Gaza.
几天后，内塔尼亚胡宣布，以色列不会从加沙地带的任何部分撤军，直到哈马斯完全解除武装，明确拒绝了特朗普宣布的协议。
Days later, Netanyahu announced that Israel would not withdraw from any part of Gaza until after Hamas has been completely disarmed, explicitly rejecting the agreement announced by Trump.
这两个盟友之间罕见的摩擦发生之际，内塔尼亚胡正寻求在10月27日的选举前巩固其民族主义基本盘，这次选举可能终结他近17年不间断的执政，这是以色列历史上最长的执政纪录。
The rare instance of friction between the two allies came as Netanyahu seeks to shore up his nationalist base ahead of Oct. 27 elections that could end his nearly unbroken 17-year rule, the longest in Israel’s history.
由于10月7日袭击前的安全和情报失误，内塔尼亚胡遭到猛烈抨击，对手指责他对哈马斯过于软弱。这使他在加沙问题上几乎没有妥协的空间，哪怕是微小的让步也不行，至少在新政府组建之前如此，而这可能需要几个月时间。
Netanyahu has come under fire over security and intelligence failures leading up to the Oct. 7 attack, with opponents accusing him of having been soft on Hamas. That gives him little space to make even minor compromises on Gaza, at least until a new government is formed, which could take months.
与此同时，加沙地带几乎没有任何重建工作展开，哈马斯虽已削弱但仍掌权，重返战斗的可能性依然存在。
In the meantime, virtually nothing has been rebuilt in Gaza, Hamas is weakened but still in power, and a return to fighting cannot be ruled out.