美国最高法院将于周一开启新任期，公众和政治界对其近期裁决、大法官的人身安全乃至法院未来的组成结构，均表现出日益加剧的关切。
The Supreme Court begins its new term Monday, with renewed public and political concern over their recent rulings, the justices' personal safety and even their future makeup.
首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨将在八位同僚的簇拥下，于美国东部时间上午10点整准时宣布法院公开开庭，并安排两场口头辩论。他们从法庭上审理的首个案件将是一起重大案件：涉及联邦与州之间关于追究石油和天然气公司气候变化损害责任的环保争端。其他备受瞩目的高关注度上诉案件也已列入辩论日程：纽森承诺在特朗普就邮寄投票获得最高法院胜诉后发起新的法律斗争。
然而，在罗伯茨的领导下，最高法院仍持续面临公众负面态度的挑战，其作为非政治行为者、维护法律与宪法的声誉正受到质疑。
Chief Justice John Roberts, surrounded by his eight colleagues, will call the court into public session precisely at 10 a.m. EDT with a pair of scheduled oral arguments. Their first case from the bench will be a major one: a federal-state environmental dispute over holding oil and gas companies liable for climate change harms. Other high-profile appeals are already on the argument docket: NEWSOM PROMISES NEW LEGAL FIGHT AFTER TRUMP GETS SUPREME COURT VICTORY ON MAIL-IN VOTING But the Supreme Court under Roberts' leadership continues to struggle against negative public attitudes over their reputation as a non-political actor upholding the law and Constitution.
“首席大法官处境艰难，因为他是一位制度主义者和传统主义者，而当前美国历史正处于许多制度和传统遭受前所未有压力的时期，”托马斯·杜普里（Thomas Dupree）表示。他是一位资深上诉律师，曾任司法部高级官员。“因此，在许多方面，他正试图逆流而上，通过坚持并恪守那些长期主导华盛顿政治运作的制度传统来应对现状。”
"The chief justice is in a tough position in that he is an institutionalist and a traditionalist at a time in our nation's history where a lot of institutions and traditions have come under pressure like they haven't in a long time," said Thomas Dupree, a leading appellate attorney and former top Justice Department official. "And so in many ways, he is trying to kind of buck a lot of the tide right now by really insisting and hewing to these traditions of the institutions that have governed Washington for a long time."
新任期将包含更多围绕行政权力的宪法争议，涉及移民、联邦官僚体系改革，以及可能包括白宫舞厅和肯尼迪中心建设项目在内的当前或预期争端。
The new term will feature more constitutional disputes over the power of the executive, with current or anticipated fights over immigration, federal bureaucracy reforms and possibly the White House ballroom and Kennedy Center construction projects.
如果以近期历史为参照，大法官们很可能会就唐纳德·特朗普总统雄心勃勃的议程，作出一系列既支持又反对的、复杂且细致的裁决。
And if recent history is any predictor, the justices are likely to offer a mixed, nuanced series of rulings both for and against President Donald Trump's ambitious agenda.
在上一个任期内，他及其盟友在广泛的对等关税、出生公民权以及罢免美联储理事等议题上遭遇挫败；但在多项移民政策、中期选举前的选区重划与政治操纵选区划分，以及联邦竞选支出方面取得了胜利。
The last term saw him and his allies lose over sweeping reciprocal tariffs, birthright citizenship and removal of Federal Reserve governors; but prevail on various immigration policies, mid-decade redistricting and political gerrymandering, and federal campaign spending.
总体而言，由六名保守派大法官组成的多数派已为政府行使权力开了绿灯，尤其是在其所谓的“影子案件清单”中作出的一系列初步裁决，允许特朗普在诸多议题上暂时推进。
For the most part, the 6-3 conservative majority has greenlighted the administration's power, especially in a series of preliminary decisions from its so-called "shadow docket" that allow Trump to move ahead – for now – on a range of issues.
自2025年以来，特朗普政府的司法部在最高法院的紧急案件中胜率超过70%——这些申请旨在要求暂时执行受到挑战的行政政策，以便在较低层级法院对更广泛的问题进行进一步审理。
The Trump Justice Department has won over 70-percent of its emergency cases before the Supreme Court since 2025 – applications that ask a challenged executive policy be enforced temporarily, while the larger issues are further litigated in the lower courts.
其中包括针对11月中期选举前核实选民公民身份的新联邦规则；以及批准继续建造宴会厅。
Those included new federal rules for verifying a voter's citizenship status ahead of the November midterms; and approval for continued construction of the ballroom.
在特朗普第二任期内，他及共和党议员一方面尖锐批评其在司法领域的失利，另一方面民主党领袖则在其一方未能获胜时发出警报。
Decisions in Trump's second term have him and Republican lawmakers sharply criticizing their judicial losses on one hand, and Democratic leaders sounding the alarm when their side does not prevail.
司法机构历来能够经受住此类批评，但攻击的个人化语气日益加剧，要求全面追责的呼声也水涨船高。
The judiciary has always weathered such criticism, but the personal tone of the attacks has only increased, as have the calls for sweeping accountability.
右翼人士要求弹劾那些阻挠白宫政策的联邦法官，而左翼人士则重新呼吁对法院结构进行彻底改革。
Those on the right have demanded impeaching federal judges who block White House policies, while those on the left have renewed calls for drastic changes to the court's structure.
总统本人在中期选举中联邦限制邮寄选票的关键裁决败诉后，极大地加剧了紧张局势。
The president himself amped up the tensions dramatically, after losing a key decision over federal efforts to restrict mail ballots for the midterm elections.
他在“真实社交”平台上发表了一篇措辞激烈的帖子，矛头直指他任命的三位大法官——尼尔·戈萨奇、布雷特·卡瓦诺和艾米·科尼·巴雷特。
In a wild Truth Social post, he took aim at the three members he appointed to the bench – Justices Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh and Amy Coney Barrett.
“这些并非我当初提名进入美国最高法院的人，他们不过是原本自我的空壳，”特朗普在9月14日裁决后写道，并补充道：“法院无力且不愿为我们的国家做正确之事，这一事实将以极其负面的方式载入史册。”
"These are not the people I interviewed to serve on the United States Supreme Court, they are merely a shell of their original selves," wrote Trump after the September 14 ruling, adding, "The Court’s inability and unwillingness to do the right thing for our Country will go down, in a very negative way, in the annals of History."
左翼人士也有各自的抱怨。众议院民主党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯告诉全美黑人记者协会，“亟需对最高法院进行重大改革……目前有多种不同的方案可供选择，我认为我们不能排除其中任何一种。”随着中期选举的临近，愤怒且充满干劲的民主党人希望掌控众议院，甚至可能掌控参议院，他们试图在中期选举期间动员基本盘选民。
Those on the left have their own beefs. House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries told the National Association of Black Journalists that "dramatic Supreme Court reform is necessary...there's a variety of different options that are on the table and I think that we can't foreclose any single one of them." As the midterms approach, angry and energized Democrats hoping to take control of the House and maybe the Senate have tried to rally the base during the midterm races.
他们的提议包括重新呼吁为法官设定18年的任期限制，将法官人数从目前的9人扩大至13人或更多，以及建立独立执行的道德准则。
Among their proposals are renewed calls for 18-year term limits for the justices, expanding the number on the bench to 13 or more from the current nine and an independently-enforced code of ethics.
所有这一切都加剧了公众的看法，即最高法院的动机并非其宪法职责，而是其他因素。
All this has added to increasing public perception the high court is motivated by something other than its constitutional obligations.
《华盛顿邮报》与益普索（Ipsos）在7月进行的一项民调发现，46%的美国人认为法官基于其政治观点对特朗普政府的政策作出裁决，而仅有25%的人认为法院是基于法律进行裁决。
A Washington Post/Ipsos poll in July found 46-percent of Americans think the justices rule on Trump administration policies based on their political views, while just 25 percent see the court as ruling based on the law.
盖洛普7月的民调显示，最高法院的工作支持率跌至33%的历史低点，不满意度则升至61%的历史高点，这主要归因于自去年以来共和党人对法院支持率的急剧下降。
Gallup's July poll showed the Supreme Court's job approval slumped to a record low of 33 percent and a record high 61-percent disapproval, driven by a steep drop in Republicans' backing of the court since last year.
而福克斯新闻最新的一项调查显示，法院的公众工作支持率为38%，认为法官过于保守的比例则创下45%的历史新高。
And the most-recent Fox News survey revealed a 38-percent public job approval for the court, and a record high 45-percent believing the justices are too conservative.
这一比例高于2022年的34%，也高于2015年和2010年16%的低点。抛开数字不谈，日益激烈的党派言论正在产生现实世界的后果。
That was up from 34-percent in 2022, and a low of 16-percent in 2015 and 2010. Numbers aside, the amplified partisan rhetoric is having real-world consequences.
多位联邦法官向福克斯新闻透露，预算短缺已危及他们的人身安全，而他们表示，针对法官的威胁变得更加令人担忧。
Several federal judges have told Fox News that budget shortfalls have compromised their physical security, at a time when they say threats against members of the bench have become more concerning.
美国法警局报告称，截至7月1日，针对联邦法官的威胁达370起，同比增长31%。
The U-S Marshals report 370 threats made to federal judges as of July 1, a 31-percent year-over-year increase.
一位联邦法官告诉福克斯新闻，联邦执法部门在某些情况下已采取了“非同寻常的安全措施”，但未透露细节。
"Extraordinary safety measures" have been taken in some cases by federal law enforcement, one federal judge told Fox News, without offering details.
大法官卡根7月在国会小组面前表示：“批评是公平的，但恐吓则完全是另一回事。当任何派别的政治人物试图恐吓法官和大法官，让他们做自己喜欢的事而不是不喜欢的事时，我们就真的越界了。”
While "criticism is fair game, intimidation is a different thing entirely," Justice Elena Kagan told a congressional panel in July. "When political figures of any stripe are trying to intimidate judges and justices to do things that they like rather than the things that they don't, that's where we really have crossed a line."
大法官巴雷特告诉同一个众议院委员会：“威胁等级真的很高。”至少有一次，她不得不在法庭外穿着防弹背心，并在夏季遭遇了针对其住所的“恶意报警”事件。
Justice Barrett told the same House committee, "The threat level is really high." On at least one occasion, she has had to wear a bulletproof vest away from the court, and was a victim of a swatting incident over the summer at her home.
特朗普白宫舞厅建设在激烈法律斗争中获最高法院再次“续命” 管理法院案件清单的职责落在罗伯茨身上，他因被认为存在党派倾向而面临两党批评。
TRUMP'S WHITE HOUSE BALLROOM CONSTRUCTION GETS ANOTHER LIFELINE FROM SCOTUS AMID HEATED LEGAL FIGHT The job of managing the court's docket falls to Roberts, who has faced bipartisan criticism for perceived partisanship.
尽管由共和党总统任命，但这位现任大法官中最保守的人，比任何人都更愿意裁决反对特朗普及其共和党支持者。
Appointed by a Republican president, he more than any conservative on this current bench has been willing to rule against Trump and his Republican supporters.
这种参半的记录在近期尤为明显，他的影响力体现在一系列关于中期选举事务的裁决中，分别有利于两党。
That mixed record has been especially acute in recent days, where his influence was apparent in a series of decisions on midterm election matters, separately favoring both political parties.
这包括关于国会选区重划、邮寄选票、国土安全部选民资格数据库和竞选广告支出的争斗。预计未来几周将有更多此类紧急争议在选前和选后提交最高法院。他的同僚们已为首席大法官辩护。
That includes fights over congressional redistricting, mail ballots, a DHS database for voter eligibility and campaign ad spending. More such emergency disputes are expected to reach the high court in coming weeks, pre- and post-election. His colleagues have come to the chief justices' defense.
“我不认为这是一个只会橡皮图章式地批准现任政府所作所为的法院。恰恰相反，”卡根在7月的一次司法会议上表示。“我认为那是一种恶意的诽谤。”罗伯茨本人在5月也曾在一次司法会议上为法院针对党派偏见的指控进行了辩护。
"I don't see this as a court that is just like: We're just going to rubber stamp what the current administration does. You know, quite the opposite," Kagan said at a judicial conference in July. "I think that that is a bad rap." Roberts himself in May defended the court against accusations of partisanship.
“我们不仅仅是政治进程的一部分，这是有原因的，我不确定人们是否像应该的那样充分理解这一点，”他说。
"We’re not simply part of the political process, and there's a reason for that, and I'm not sure that people grasp that as much as is appropriate," he said at a judicial conference.
最高法院的新庭期将继续由各种针对特朗普行政命令的挑战所定义，这些挑战由进步派州份和私人团体发起。
The Court's new term will continue to be defined by various Trump executive actions being challenged by progressive states and private groups.
其中包括关于跨性别者服役、关税、私人数据获取以及联邦机构削减开支的待决上诉。
That includes pending appeals over transgenders in the military, tariffs, private data access and federal agency cuts.
其他即将到来的挑战包括强制在公立学校展示“十诫”、言论自由之争以及堕胎权获取。
Other upcoming challenges include mandated Ten Commandments displays in public schools, free speech fights and abortion access.
法院决定处理的许多案件，很可能取决于民主党能否在11月赢得国会控制权，以及他们通过立法遏制特朗普激进的总统权力主张的能力。
Much of what the court decides to tackle will likely turn on whether Democrats can gain control Congress after November, and their ability to legislatively tame Trump's aggressive assertion of presidential power.
“本庭期再次将就我们政府一些最基本的方面作出一系列裁决，包括联邦政府三个分支之间的关系，以及联邦政府与各州之间的关系，”法律分析师杜普里表示。“我认为我们在不久的将来还将看到大量与选举相关的案件，涉及投票权、如何保护投票权，以及如何确保选举的公正性。因此，这是一个预示着将作出许多重大裁决的庭期，坦率地说，各方都能从中找到关注点。”
"This term is once again, set to deliver us a series of decisions concerning some of the most fundamental aspects of our government, including the relationship among the three branches of our federal government, and the relationships between the federal government and the states," said legal analyst Dupree. "I think we're also going to see in the near future a lot of election-related cases about the right to vote, how you protect it, and how we ensure the integrity of our election. So this is a term that promises a lot of big decisions and frankly, something for everyone."
特朗普抨击最高法院是“灾难”，因大法官们在邮寄投票案中裁决对其不利 再加上未来几个月可能出现的最高法院大法官空缺，许多猜测集中在76岁的大法官阿利托身上。
TRUMP BLASTS SUPREME COURT 'DISASTER' AFTER JUSTICES RULE AGAINST HIM ON MAIL-IN VOTING Add to that the possibility of a Supreme Court vacancy in coming months, with much of the speculation centered on 76-year-old Justice Samuel Alito.
福克斯新闻今年春天早些时候率先报道，他将继续任职一个实际上于6月下旬结束的任期，并计划周一出席法庭审理。
Fox News was the first to report earlier this spring he would stay on for another term that effectively ends in late June, and he plans to be on the bench Monday.
尽管许多共和党人施加公开和私下压力——他们意识到可能在11月失去参议院控制权——敦促他现在退位，以便让总统有机会提名第四位大法官。
This despite public and private pressure from many Republicans – aware they may lose the Senate in November – that he step aside now to give the president a chance to name a fourth member to the court.
阿利托身边的消息人士告诉福克斯新闻，对他未来的考量更多是出于个人现实考虑而非政治因素。他们表示，目前他热爱这份工作，并觉得自己能够全心全意、专心致志地履职。
Sources close to Alito tell Fox News considerations of his future are driven more by personal practicality rather than politics. They say for now he enjoys the work, and feels he is able to serve with commitment and focus.