宗教、选举和移民案件预计将成为焦点。此外，还需留意大法官可能退休的迹象。
Cases on religion, elections and immigration are likely to take the spotlight. And don’t forget to watch for a potential retirement.
最高法院将于周一开启新的审期，这一审期可能会在枪支、宗教和移民法律方面带来重大转变。
The Supreme Court kicks off a new term Monday that could significantly shift the law on guns, religion and immigration.
法院可能会受理更多涉及唐纳德·特朗普总统一系列争议性政策的案件。它还可能集中处理其他重大宪法问题，例如德克萨斯州要求公立学校教室张贴十诫的法律。
The court may take up additional cases involving a range of controversial policies by President Donald Trump. And it could load up on other big constitutional issues, such as a Texas law that requires the Ten Commandments to be posted in public school classrooms.
还需关注共和党任命的大法官可能退休的迹象，以及民主党议员推动最高法院改革的动向。这两者都可能取决于中期选举的结果。
Also be on the lookout for potential retirements by Republican-appointed justices, and for a push by Democratic lawmakers to implement changes to the Supreme Court. Both may depend on how the midterms shake out.
“肃静，肃静，肃静。”随着新审期的开始，以下是您需要了解的关键信息。
Oyez, oyez, oyez. Here’s what you should know as the new term begins.
- 特朗普的移民政策面临更多考验上周，大法官们同意审查两项重大的特朗普移民政策，相关案件可能成为轰动性的大案。
- Trump’s immigration policies face more tests Last week the justices agreed to review two major Trump immigration policies in cases that could turn into blockbusters.
其中一项涉及将非公民遣送至其并非公民的“第三国”的合法性——法院在审理期间已允许该政策继续执行。另一项则聚焦于特朗普针对等待驱逐程序的移民实施的强制拘留政策。这两项政策都是特朗普全面移民管控行动的关键组成部分。
One involves the legality of sending noncitizens to “third countries” where they are not citizens — a policy the court has allowed to continue as it decides the case. The second centers on Trump’s mandatory detention policy for immigrants awaiting removal proceedings. Both have been critical to Trump’s sweeping immigration crackdown.
其他可能列入法院日程的特朗普政策包括：总统禁止跨性别人服役的禁令，以及行政部门绕过参议院确认程序、向美国检察官办公室安插忠诚者的操作。特朗普最新一轮关税的合法性，以及他重新推动限制出生公民权的举措，也可能再次回到最高法院。
Other Trump policies that could land on the docket: the president’s ban on transgender people serving in the military and the administration’s maneuvers to install loyalists to U.S. attorneys offices while bypassing the Senate confirmation process. The legality of Trump’s newest round of tariffs and his renewed push to limit birthright citizenship could also return to the high court.
- 法院可能卷入中期选举11月的中期选举利害关系重大，将决定众议院和参议院的控制权。选民将在投票箱前决定选举结果，但最高法院也可能发挥显著作用。
- The court could become enmeshed in the midterms The stakes are high for November’s midterm elections, which will determine control of the House and Senate. Voters will decide races at the ballot box, but the Supreme Court could play a notable role, too.
最高法院已经在11月前夕就一系列与投票和选举相关的案件做出了裁决，其中一些涉及特朗普政府限制投票的积极行为。
The Supreme Court has already decided a flurry of cases related to voting and the election in the run-up to November, some dealing with the Trump administration’s aggressive efforts to restrict voting.
鉴于特朗普倾向于声称选民欺诈，随着选票计票，挑战将会滚滚而来，特别是在竞争激烈的选举中。
Given Trump’s penchant for claiming voter fraud, it’s a good bet that challenges will roll in as the ballots are counted, particularly in closely contested elections.
大约20个州的民主党总检察长已经在考虑如果联邦特工被派往投票站或选民被阻止投票，该如何应对。任何争斗都可能提交最高法院。
Democratic attorneys general in about 20 states have already been war-gaming on how to respond if federal agents are sent to polling places or voters are blocked from voting. Any fights could go up to the Supreme Court. 3.
3.另一项具有里程碑意义的枪支测试近年来，最高法院几乎没有像枪支权利这样改变了法律领域。这个术语带来了这场斗争的下一个重要篇章：各州是否可以禁止AR-15式半自动步枪。
Another landmark test on guns The Supreme Court in recent years has transformed few areas of law as much as gun rights. This term brings the next major chapter in that fight: whether states can ban AR-15-style semiautomatic rifles.
这场斗争在法律上意义重大，在文化上也意义重大。AR-15已经成为一些枪支爱好者第二修正案权利的象征，也是那些希望更严格枪支管制的人的目标，因为这种类型的枪支已经在许多大规模杀戮中使用。
The fight is significant legally, but also culturally. The AR-15 has become a symbol of Second Amendment rights for some gun enthusiasts, and a target for those who want stricter gun controls because that type of firearm has been used in so many mass killings.
最高法院将权衡伊利诺伊州和康涅狄格州对半自动步枪的限制，这些限制受到枪支拥有者和枪支权利组织的挑战。康涅狄格州的法律是在2012年桑迪胡克小学发生大规模枪击事件后通过的，当时一名枪手杀害了20名儿童和6名学校工作人员。
The Supreme Court will weigh restrictions on semiautomatic rifles in Illinois and Connecticut, which are being challenged by gun owners and gun rights groups. The Connecticut law was passed in the wake of the 2012 mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary, where a gunman killed 20 children and six school staff members.
近年来，保守派大多数人大大放松了对枪支的限制，最引人注目的是在2022年的一个案件中，该案件推翻了纽约州一项要求在公共场合携带枪支的法律。纽约州手枪和步枪协会公司的决定。v. Bruen发现，任何枪支限制都必须植根于国家的历史和传统。
In recent terms, the conservative majority has greatly loosened restrictions on firearms, most notably in a 2022 case that struck down a New York law requiring a license to carry a firearm in public. That decision, New York State Pistol and Rifle Association, Inc. v. Bruen found that any gun restrictions must have roots in the nation’s history and traditions. 4.
4.宗教权利的扩大和限制法官们在本任期内受理了宗教团体提起的多起案件。其中一项特别引起注意：圣玛丽天主教堂诉罗伊案该案涉及科罗拉多州一所天主教学前教育机构。该机构称，因其不招收同性恋和跨性别父母的孩子，正遭到州学前教育项目的不公平排斥。
The expansion — and limits — of religious rights The justices have accepted multiple cases for this term brought by religious groups. One has attracted particular attention: St. Mary Catholic Parish v. Roy It involves a Catholic preschool in Colorado that says it is being unfairly excluded from a state prekindergarten program because it does not admit children of gay and transgender parents.
由首席大法官小约翰·G·罗伯茨主持的最高法院，在此类案件中总体上倾向于支持宗教团体原告，专家表示圣玛丽案很有胜算。
The high court led by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. has generally ruled in favor of religious plaintiffs in such cases, and experts say St. Mary has a good chance of winning.
最高法院预计还会受理一起涉及得克萨斯州法律的案件。该法律要求所有公立学校教室张贴“十诫”。此案挑战了一项46年前的先例，该先例认定，在公立学校展示此类宗教内容违反政教分离原则。
The court is also widely expected to take up a case involving a Texas law that requires all public school classrooms to display the Ten Commandments The case challenges a 46-year-old precedent holding that such displays of religious content in public schools violate the separation of church and state.
- 会有大法官退休吗？这种可能性无法排除。今年早些时候，数月来一直流传着小塞缪尔·A·阿利托可能退休的消息，但这位保守派大法官在8月接受《华尔街日报》采访时否定了这一说法。不过，相关猜测很快可能再次升温。
- Will a justice retire? It can’t be ruled out. Rumors swirled for months earlier this year that Samuel A. Alito Jr. might retire, before the conservative justice knocked down the talk in an interview with the Wall Street Journal in August. Still, speculation could soon flare again.
随着11月中期选举临近，民主党有机会控制参议院，而最高法院的所有提名人选都必须由参议院确认。如果民主党获胜，这意味着特朗普最后一次让提名人选在共和党控制的参议院获得通过的机会，将是11月至次年1月的跛脚鸭会期。
With the midterm elections in November, Democrats have an opportunity to take control of the Senate, which must confirm any nominee to the high court. If Democrats triumph, that means Trump’s last opportunity to get a nominee through a Republican-controlled Senate will be during the lame-duck period between November and January.
如果共和党在11月遭遇惨败，阿利托（76岁）或另一名年事已高的保守派大法官克拉伦斯·托马斯（78岁）可能面临压力，需要退席，让位于更年轻的人选。
A Republican shellacking in November could put pressure on Alito, 76, or Clarence Thomas, 78, the other older conservative, to step aside for a younger nominee.
许多关注法院动向的人士不预计托马斯会退休，因为只要他任职至2028年5月，就有机会成为美国最高法院历史上任职时间最长的大法官。因此，所有人的目光都将集中在阿利托身上。
Many court watchers do not expect Thomas to retire because he has a chance to become the longest-serving justice in the history of the court if he remains on the bench through May 2028. So all eyes will be on Alito.
- 推动改革最高法院如果民主党人掌控国会，他们已承诺改革美国最高法院。民主党人已经提出了一系列方案，包括对大法官设定任期限制、将法院席位从9个增加到13个，以及制定具有强制约束力的道德准则。
- A push to overhaul the Supreme Court Democrats have pledged to overhaul the high court should they take control of Congress. They have already introduced a slew of proposals, including imposing term limits on the justices, increasing the number seats on the bench from nine to 13, and creating an enforceable code of ethics.
除非取消冗长辩论机制，否则这些努力仍可能难以实现。否则，任何方案都需要参议院60票支持，而这种可能性极低。尽管如此，这些努力反映出公众对美国最高法院前所未有的不满，尤其是自由派人士的不满。民主党人表示，任何方案都在可以考虑之列
Those efforts might still be a long shot unless the filibuster is eliminated. Otherwise, any proposal would require 60 votes in the Senate, which is highly unlikely. Still, the efforts reflect record dissatisfaction with the high court — especially among liberals — and Democrats have said any proposal is fair game