林赛·怀特赫斯特 华盛顿 — 美国最高法院新任期周一开始，气候变化、宗教权利以及唐纳德·特朗普总统对移民的打击行动等案件位居议程前列。以下是本任期将审理案件的概览：最高法院将以一起重大气候变化案件拉开任期序幕。大法官们将审理能源公司提起的上诉，这些公司试图阻止数十起诉讼，后者旨在让它们为气候变化相关损害承担法律责任。
LINDSAY WHITEHURST WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court’s new term begins Monday with cases on climate change, religious rights and President Donald Trump’s crackdown on immigration high on the agenda. Here’s a look at what’s in store: The high court is starting its term with a major climate change case .
在科罗拉多州博尔德市的一起案件中，可能涉及数十亿美元赔偿。当地官员称，化石燃料行业应帮助分担与气候变化相关的灾害成本，而这些成本正在不断攀升。
The justices will hear an appeal from energy companies trying to block dozens of lawsuits seeking to hold them liable in court for damage related to climate change. Billions of dollars are potentially at stake in a case out of Boulder, Colorado, where local officials say the industry should help shoulder the escalating costs of disasters linked to climate change.
涉案公司苏诺尔和埃克森美孚表示，诉讼并非解决这一全球性问题的途径。它们获得了特朗普政府的支持，后者辩称这些诉讼是一种权力攫取，意在强加排放监管。
The companies, Suncor and ExxonMobil, say lawsuits aren’t the way to deal with the global issue. They have the backing of the Trump administration, which argues the litigation is a power grab intended to impose regulations on emissions.
约十几个州禁止了AR-15等半自动步枪，这类枪支常被称为突击武器。这些州称，此类枪支在大规模枪击案中被不成比例地使用，禁止它们有助于减少枪支暴力。
About a dozen states have banned semiautomatic rifles like AR-15s, which are often called assault weapons. They say the guns are disproportionately used in mass shootings, and banning them helps reduce gun violence.
挑战者称这些法律违反第二修正案。他们辩称，AR-15及其他类似武器属于国内最受欢迎、拥有量最大的枟支之一。
Challengers say those laws violate the Second Amendment. They argue that AR-15s and other similar weapons are among the most popular and commonly owned guns in the country.
近年来，保守派占多数的最高法院扩大了枪支权利，四名大法官曾发出信号，表明法院受理此类案件只是时间问题。该案将于12月审理。
The conservative-majority court has expanded gun rights in recent years, and four justices had signaled that it was only a matter of time before the court took up the issue. The case will be considered in December.
法院将审理两起具有重大影响的移民案件，可能对特朗普的大规模打击行动产生深远影响。
The court will hear two significant immigration cases with potentially big implications for Trump’s wide-reaching crackdown.
其中一起涉及无法迅速遣返回原籍国的移民被驱逐出境。特朗普政府根据一系列往往保密的协议，将数千人送往与其无任何关联的其他国家。
One is about deportations of migrants who can’t be quickly sent back to their home countries. The Trump administration has been sending thousands to other countries where they have no ties, under a series of often-secret agreements.
最高法院将考虑推翻下级法院的命令，这些命令允许他们有机会提出异议。与此同时，大法官们允许航班继续运行。
The Supreme Court will consider overturning lower court orders allowing them a chance to object. The justices have allowed the flights to continue in the meantime.
另一个案件涉及政府对非法居住在美国的移民实施强制拘留的政策，即使他们已在该国居住多年。
The other case is over the administration’s mandatory detention policy for immigrants who have been living in the U.S. illegally, even if they’ve been in the country for years.
政府辩称可以在不举行保释听证会的情况下拘留人员，但大多数审理过该问题的上诉法院持不同意见。
The administration argues it can hold people without a bond hearing, but most appeals courts that have considered the issue disagree.
共和党推动执行严格的亚利桑那州投票法律的举措也将在本届会期提交大法官审理。
A Republican push to enforce strict Arizona voting laws will also come before the justices this term.
其中一项措施要求人们在使用州政府表格登记投票时出示公民身份证明，另一项则要求定期清理选民名册，移除无法确认公民身份的人员。
One measure requires people to show proof of citizenship whening to vote using a state form, and another calls for regular purges of the voter rolls to remove people if their citizenship could not be confirmed.
这发生在特朗普未能让国会通过要求提供公民身份文件证明才能登记投票的立法之际。辩论定于12月进行。
It comes as Trump has failed to get legislation requiring documentary proof of citizenship foring to vote through Congress. Arguments are set for December.
无法参加科罗拉多州纳税人资助项目的天主教幼儿园将于11月提交法院审理。这是大法官们审理的最新一起涉及宗教权利的案件。
Catholic preschools that can’t take part in a taxpayer-funded program in Colorado will come before the court in November. It’s the justices’ latest case involving religious rights.
圣玛丽天主教堂称，因其基于信仰的招生政策（排除来自LGBTQ+家庭的孩子），该教区被排除在州政府的普及学前教育项目之外。
St. Mary Catholic Parish says it’s been left out of the state’s universal preschool program over its faith-based admissions policies, which exclude kids from LGBTQ+ families.
科罗拉多州表示，宗教学校欢迎参与，但必须遵守反歧视法律。该项目由2020年的投票措施创建，为家长选择的学校提供学前教育公共资金。
Colorado says religious schools are welcome to participate but have to follow nondiscrimination laws. The program was created by a 2020 ballot measure and provides public funding for preschool at schools selected by parents.