美国司法部已提起40起新诉讼，寻求剥夺归化美国公民的公民身份，理由是他们涉嫌犯有严重罪行。
The United States Department of Justice has filed 40 new cases seeking to strip naturalised Americans of their citizenship over alleged crimes they have committed.
联邦检察官周一在一份声明中表示，打击对象为被指控犯有“严重罪行”的个人，包括洗钱、儿童性虐待、签证欺诈和逃税。
In a statement on Monday, federal prosecutors said they were targeting individuals accused of “serious offenses”, including money laundering, child sexual abuse, visa fraud and tax evasion.
声明称，这40起案件是唐纳德·特朗普总统任内在如此短时间内提交的最大规模撤销入籍申请。这些申请于8月下旬至10月初提交。
The statement touted the 40 cases as the largest volume of denaturalisation petitions submitted in such a short period under President Donald Trump. The petitions were filed from late August through early October.
司法部长托德·布兰奇表示：“今天的宣布标志着现代历史上最大规模的撤销入籍行动。”
“Today’s announcement marks the largest denaturalization effort in modern history,” said Attorney General Todd Blanche.
“在特朗普总统的领导下，司法部将继续利用撤销入籍程序，以维护国家安全并保护美国人民。” 周一宣布的40名被针对公民来自多个国家，包括墨西哥、巴基斯坦、中国和塞拉利昂。
“Under President Trump’s leadership, the Department of Justice will continue to employ the denaturalization process to maintain our national security and protect the American people.”The 40 citizens targeted in Monday’s announcement include people from a range of countries, including Mexico, Pakistan, China and Sierra Leone.
他们被指控在申请入籍时隐瞒犯罪行为及其他个人情况。他们的刑事定罪大多发生在宣誓入籍之后。
They are accused of concealing criminal acts and other facts about themselves as they sought to obtain citizenship. Their criminal convictions largely came after they took their oaths of citizenship.
名单上的两人还被指控代表中国从事间谍活动。司法部指控称，这些人在成为公民前犯下这些罪行，意味着他们缺乏“良好道德品质”，本应被拒绝入籍。
Two people on the list are also accused of engaging in espionage on behalf of China. Committing these crimes before they became citizens, the Department of Justice alleges, meant these individuals lacked “good moral character” and should have been denied citizenship.
扩大撤销入籍法的适用 撤销美国公民公民身份的法律已使用数十年，但历史上仅保留用于严重罪行。
Expanded use of denaturalisation law The laws to denaturalise US citizens have been used for decades, but historically, they have been reserved for serious crimes.
例如，二战后，美国政府曾着手撤销数十名被指控隐瞒参与大屠杀或从事战争罪行的公民的公民身份。
After World War II, for instance, the US government moved to denaturalise dozens of citizens accused of concealing involvement in the Holocaust or engaging in war crimes.
著名案例包括立陶宛出生的无政府主义者、女权活动家艾玛·戈德曼，她因反战活动于1917年入狱，随后被剥夺国籍并驱逐出境至苏联。但自冷战结束以来，这种做法已变得不那么频繁。
Notable cases include that of Emma Goldman, a Lithuanian-born anarchist and women’s rights activist who was jailed in 1917 for her antiwar activities, before being denaturalised and deported to the Soviet Union. But the practice has become much less frequent since the end of the Cold War.
然而，特朗普政府的高层官员一直试图扩大撤销入籍的范围，作为推动美国历史上最大规模驱逐行动的一部分。
Top officials in the Trump administration, however, have sought to expand denaturalisation as part of a push to conduct the largest deportation operation in US history.
根据美国法律，如果在入籍申请过程中故意隐瞒“重大事实”，且该事实本会导致其不符合入籍资格，检察官可以请求法院剥夺在美国境外出生者的公民身份。
Under US law, prosecutors can ask courts to strip citizenship from those born outside the country if they wilfully concealed a “material fact” during their citizenship application that would have otherwise disqualified them.
但特朗普扩大撤销入籍程序的努力遭到了人权团体的抨击，他们辩称这可能使人陷入无国籍状态。
But Trump’s efforts to widen denaturalisation proceedings have received pushback from human rights groups, which argue they could leave people stateless.
批评人士还警告称，特朗普试图利用撤销入籍手段针对他认为是政治对手或敌人的特定群体。
Critics have also warned that Trump has sought to leverage denaturalisation against specific groups he perceives to be political rivals or enemies.
例如，去年特朗普政府表示，将寻求撤销大量索马里裔美国人的公民身份，此前明尼苏达州出现了涉及索马里侨民的托儿所欺诈指控。
Last year, for instance, the Trump administration indicated it would seek to denaturalise large numbers of Somali Americans after allegations emerged in Minnesota of daycare fraud involving the Somali diaspora.
特朗普当时写道：“把他们送回他们来的地方，索马里，也许是地球上最糟糕、最腐败的国家。”
“Send them back from where they came, Somalia, perhaps the worst, and most corrupt, country on earth,” Trump wrote at the time.
特朗普的共和党成员，特别是众议员安迪·奥格尔斯，也提出过剥夺纽约市长佐赫兰·马姆达尼公民身份的可能性，后者出生于乌干达。特朗普本人也曾虚假暗示马姆达尼可能非法居留在美国。
Members of Trump’s Republican Party, notably Representative Andy Ogles, have also floated the possibility of yanking citizenship from New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, who was born in Uganda. Trump himself has falsely suggested Mamdani may be in the country illegally.
一度，特朗普甚至提出剥夺科技企业家埃隆·马斯克的公民身份，后者是其第二届政府的亲密盟友和顾问，此举是在两人于2025年决裂后提出的。
At one point, Trump even floated the idea of withdrawing citizenship from tech entrepreneur Elon Musk, a close ally and adviser to his second administration, after the two men had a falling-out in 2025.
特朗普还推动废除出生公民权，该权利授予几乎所有在美国出生的儿童。极少数例外包括外交官和外国军队人员的婴儿。出生公民权受美国宪法保护，不能像归化公民身份那样被剥夺。
Trump has also pushed to do away with birthright citizenship, which is granted to virtually all children born in the US. The few exceptions include the babies of diplomats and foreign military forces. Birthright citizenship is protected under the US Constitution and cannot be taken away the way naturalised citizenship can.
6月，美国最高法院驳回了特朗普废除出生公民权的努力，但法律斗争仍在继续，因为总统签署了第二项行政命令，同样旨在限制出生公民权的适用方式。
In June, the US Supreme Court struck down Trump’s efforts to dismantle birthright citizenship, but legal battles continue after the president issued a second executive order also seeking to restrict how birthright citizenship is applied.