
作者:弗朗西斯科·贝拉斯克斯(Francisco Velasquez)、里根·莫里斯(Regan Morris)经过数月的筹备,派拉蒙Skydance终于完成了与华纳兄弟探索频道(Warner Bros Discovery)1100亿美元(828亿英镑)的合并。
It has been months in the making but Paramount Skydance has finally completed its $110bn (£82.8bn) merger with Warner Bros Discovery.
该交易将两大好莱坞老牌巨头结合在一起,将《哈利·波特》和《权力的游戏》等系列电影合并为一个名为《天空之舞》的娱乐巨头。
The deal welds two legacy Hollywood powerhouses, uniting franchises like Harry Potter and Game of Thrones, into an entertainment behemoth named Skydance.
然而,在这一里程碑的背后,存在着关于合并后的企业可以做什么和不能做什么的严格规定--从每年必须制作多少部电影到新闻编辑室的编辑独立性。
Yet behind this milestone lies strict rules about what the combined business can and cannot do - from how many films it must produce a year to the editorial independence of its newsroom.
以下是这可能会影响您以及您观看的电影、电视和新闻的四种方式。
Here are four ways this could affect you and the movies, TV and news you watch.
华纳兄弟拥有HBO Max,该剧是《黑道家族》、《龙之屋》和《Euphoria》等剧的所在地。与此同时,派拉蒙Skydance还拥有Paramount+,播放黄石公园、公园和娱乐以及NCIS等节目。
Warner Bros owns HBO Max, home to The Sopranos, House of the Dragon and Euphoria among others. Meanwhile, Paramount Skydance has Paramount+, which streams the likes of Yellowstone, Parks and Recreation and NCIS.
随着时间的推移,将HBO Max和Paramount+结合到一个平台或捆绑包中可能会让挤压者的钱包变得更加容易。
Combining HBO Max and Paramount+ into a single platform or bundle will likely squeezers' wallets over time.
虽然两者的现有者可能会享受短期储蓄,但分析师预计,随着合并后的巨头寻求盈利能力,整体价格将上涨。
While existingrs to both might enjoy short-term savings, analysts expect overall prices to rise as the combined giant seeks profitability.
合并后的公司Skydance因此次交易而背负着800亿美元的巨额债务,尽管高管们的目标是每年节省60亿美元的成本。
The merged company, Skydance, carries a massive $80bn in debt from the deal, even as executives target $6bn in annual cost savings.
Forrester Research研究总监Mike Proulx表示,观众无疑将获得更大的目录。
Mike Proulx, research director at Forrester Research, said viewers will undoubtedly get access to a bigger catalog.
但他告诉BBC:“对于那些只使用其中一种服务的人来说,Paramount+和HBO Max的流媒体服务的组合不可能不会花费更多。“作为与反对合并的美国各州达成和解协议的一部分,派拉蒙Skydance已同意在未来五年内每年发行一定数量的电影。
But he told the BBC: "There's no way that a combined Paramount+ and HBO Max streaming service won't end up costing more for those who to only one of the services." As part of a settlement deal with US states who had objected to the merger, Paramount Skydance has agreed to release a set number of films every year for the next five years.
前两年,每年必须发行30部电影,剩余时间每年必须发行32部电影。
For the first two years, that's 30 movies annually, and for the remaining period it has to release 32 films each year.
总共有156部电影,其中大多数必须是“广泛发行”,这意味着它们必须在电影院放映。合并后的工作室每年还必须发行至少四部独立电影。
That's 156 movies in total - and the majority have to be "wide releases," meaning they must to be shown in cinemas. The merged studio must also release at least four independent films each year.
倘若斯凯丹斯未能完成约定的电影制作数量,就可能被迫出售其持有的米拉麦克斯49%的股份——这家电影公司正是由声名狼藉的好莱坞大亨哈维·韦恩斯坦联合创立的。
If Skydance misses its movie quota, it could be forced to sell its 49% stake in Miramax – the studio co-founded by disgraced Hollywood mogul Harvey Weinstein.
马丁·豪泽律师事务所的企业律师布里安妮·吉利姆指出,尽管这些电影制作义务设有期限,但仍具有重要意义。
Breanne Gilliam, a corporate lawyer at Maddin Hauser, said the film commitment is meaningful, even if it comes with an expiration date.
她说道:“一旦这些义务到期,这家公司将拥有更大的经营灵活性。”“临时性规定无法从根本上扭转市场的结构性变化。”
"Once those obligations expire, the company will have far more flexibility," she said. "Temporary rules cannot permanently fix a structural market shift".
五年协议期满后,斯凯丹斯或许会效仿迪士尼和网飞等竞争对手,将业务重心从影院转向流媒体平台。
Once the five-year deal ends, Skydance could follow rivals like Disney and Netflix by prioritizing streaming over cinema.
2019年迪士尼以710亿美元收购21世纪福克斯的案例证明,此类大型并购往往会导致影院上映的电影数量减少。
As Disney's $71bn buyout of 21st Century Fox in 2019 proved, mega-deals can lead to fewer films in cinemas.
收购前,20世纪福克斯每年都会在影院发行12至17部影片;而在迪士尼接手后,这一数字骤降至每年仅3至6部。
Before the acquisition, 20th Century Fox routinely released 12 to 17 movies annually in theatres, but under Disney that slate scaled down to just three to six a year.
对于影视行业的从业者而言,两家历史悠久的电影公司的合并被不少人视为一场“灾难”。
For those working behind the scenes, the merger of two historic studios has been described as a "disaster" by those on the ground.
近期,众多演员与编剧齐聚洛杉矶的派拉蒙影业制片厂,抗议这一并购计划,指责监管机构未能切实保护从业者的生计。
Actors and writers recently gathered at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles to oppose the deal, accusing regulators of failing to protect industry livelihoods.
《犯罪心理》主演柯尔斯滕·范斯尼斯对BBC表示自己“心碎不已”。
Criminal Minds star Kirsten Vangsness told the BBC she was "heartbroken".
她说道:“正是这些人撑起了这座城市,正是这些人创造了娱乐产业,正是这些普通创作者构成了整个行业的基石——受影响的正是他们。”据咨询机构CVL Economics为洛杉矶县出具的报告预测,此次并购可能导致约4500个影视行业直接就业岗位流失,三年内还将造成12.6亿美元的工资损失。
"It's people that make this city," she said. "It's people that make entertainment, it's the everyday creatives that this industry is built on - this is who it hurts." A report by consultancy CVL Economics for LA County estimated the merger could eliminate roughly 4,500 direct film and TV jobs, while causing $1.26bn in lost wages over three years.
自2022年以来,洛杉矶地区已有约5万个影视行业相关岗位消失,占比达三分之一,此次并购无疑会给这一地区带来进一步冲击。
The blow could hit a region that has already lost roughly a third of its film and TV workforce, about 50,000 jobs, since 2022.
国立大学的商学教授赛莉西亚·汤普森指出:“这一并购计划会对众多小企业、供应商、餐饮服务商以及当地社区造成负面影响。”
Syleecia Thompson, a business professor at National University, said that "it hits small businesses, vendors, caterers and local communities".
她警告说,好莱坞可能会变得不再是“单一地点”,而更多是“分散的网络”。“尽管和解协议设立了一个劳动力基金来重新培训流离失所的工人,但律师指出,它并不阻止裁员。“和解协议中没有任何内容限制裁员,”律师吉列姆补充道。
She warned that Hollywood may become less of a "single location" and more of a "dispersed network." Although the settlement establishes a workforce fund to retrain displaced workers, lawyers note it does not block job cuts. "Nothing in the settlement limits layoffs," attorney Gilliam added.
为了解决对CNN和CBS新闻独立性的担忧,和解协议设立了一个新闻编辑独立委员会,该委员会将由派拉蒙直接任命。
To address concerns over journalistic independence at CNN and CBS, the settlement creates a news editorial independence board that will be appointed directly by Paramount.
这笔1100亿美元的交易将美国两大电视新闻业务合并到一家公司旗下。在交易之前,派拉蒙拥有哥伦比亚广播公司新闻,华纳兄弟拥有CNN。
The $110bn deal brings two major US television news operations under a single corporate roof. Before the deal, Paramount owned CBS News, and Warner Bros. owned CNN.
这两个网络都面临着巨大的政治压力- CNN是唐纳德特朗普总统禁止进入白宫的少数新闻机构之一-以及在更广泛的行业整合中的领导层变化。
Both networks have faced intense political pressure - CNN was one of a handful of news organisations banned from the White House by President Donald Trump - as well as leadership shifts amid broader industry consolidation.
派拉蒙首席执行官大卫埃里森已要求CNN老板马克汤普森-前总干事的英国广播公司-继续掌舵后,收购关闭。哥伦比亚广播公司新闻主编巴里·韦斯将继续留任。
Paramount chief executive David Ellison has asked CNN boss Mark Thompson - the former director general of the BBC - to remain at the helm after the takeover closes. CBS News's editor-in-chief Bari Weiss will remain in her role.
然而,随着派拉蒙的目标是在合并后的公司削减数十亿美元的成本,员工担心合并将引发CNN和CBS的大量失业。
Yet as Paramount targets billions in cost cuts across the merged company, staff fear the consolidation will trigger significant job losses at CNN and CBS.
除了潜在的裁员之外,媒体倡导者和法律专家仍然对它是否能确保新闻编辑室自由深感怀疑。
Beyond potential workforce reductions, media advocates and legal experts remain deeply skeptical about whether it can ensure newsroom freedom.
新闻自由基金会倡导负责人塞斯·斯特恩(Seth Stern)称,议会任命的董事会“毫无价值”。
Seth Stern, chief of advocacy at Freedom of the Press Foundation, described the Paramount-appointed board as "worthless".
斯特恩说:“委员会制造了它声称要解决的第一修正案问题,政府干预新闻。”
"The board creates the same First Amendment problems it claims to solve, the government meddling in news," Stern said.
吉列姆同意,如果没有真正的权威,书面承诺就毫无意义。“监督委员会的权力只取决于协议赋予的。没有权力的监督只是观察,”她说。
Gilliam agrees paper promises mean little without real authority. "An oversight board only has as much power as the agreement gives it. Oversight without authority is just observation," she said.