
特朗普政府在联合国安理会内部存在分歧的情况下,正搁置其对苏丹实施武器禁运的提案,安理会将于周四就一项针对达尔弗尔地区的区域性武器禁运的短期延期进行投票。
The Trump administation is shelving its proposal for an arms embargo on Sudan amid divisions on the United Nations Security Council, which will instead vote Thursday on a short-term extension of a more regional arms embargo that would just impact Darfur.
根据《国会山报》获得的决议草案,安理会关于第1591号决议的投票将把达尔弗尔武器禁运延长至12月11日。该决议草案由美国提出,美国拥有起草苏丹制裁相关文本的权力,即所谓的“执笔国”。
The vote on UNSC Resolution 1591 would extend the Darfur arms embargo until December 11, according to a draft of the resolution obtained by The Hill. The draft resolution is proposed by the U.S., which holds authority for drafting text related to Sudan sanctions, the so-called penholder.
苏丹常驻联合国副代表阿马尔·穆罕默德·马哈茂德·穆罕默德向《国会山报》证实了关于延长禁运的投票。
The vote on the extension was confirmed by Sudan’s deputy permanent representative to the United Nations, Ammar Mohammed Mahmoud Mohammed.
穆罕默德在一份声明中表示:“苏丹欢迎安理会决定在技术上将第1591号决议规定的措施延长六十天,而不扩大其实施范围。苏丹一直坚持认为,当务之急应该是执行现有的制裁机制,而不是扩大制裁。”
“Sudan welcomes the Security Council’s decision to technically renew the measures under resolution 1591 for sixty days without expanding their geographic scope. Sudan has consistently maintained that the priority should be to enforce the existing sanctions regime, not expand it,” Mohammed said in a statement to The Hill.
寻求短期延期的投票凸显了安理会对于美国将武器禁运扩大到全国范围的提案存在严重分歧。
The vote for a short-term extension underscores the deep divisions on the Security Council over the U.S. proposal to expand the arms embargo to the entire country.
尽管武器禁运未能阻止武器流入,但第1591号决议的报告要求被视为记录促进武器转移的网络以及建议对个人和实体实施制裁的重要工具。
While the arms embargo has failed to halt weapons flows, 1591’s reporting requirements are viewed as an important tool in documenting the networks facilitating arms transfers and recommending individuals and entities for sanctions.
美国决议草案将联合国监督机构——专家小组的任期延长至2027年1月11日。
The U.S. draft resolution extends the mandate for the Panel of Experts, the U.N. monitors, until January 11, 2027.
扩大武器禁运最初是由特朗普总统的苏丹和平谈判特使马萨德·布洛斯于8月提出的。
The expanded arms embargo was initially proposed in August by Massad Boulos, President Trump’s point person on peace negotiations for Sudan.
这个国家正陷入一场毁灭性的三年内战,这是世界上最严重的人道主义危机之一。战斗围绕着敌对的将领们展开:苏丹武装部队(SAF)领导人阿卜杜勒-法塔赫·布尔汉以及他的前副手、将军。
The county is embroiled in a devastating three-year-civil war that has been one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. The fighting is centered around rival generals: Abdel-Fattah al-Burhan, the head of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF); and his former deputy, Gen. Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo, the head of the paramilitary group the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
穆罕默德·哈姆丹·“赫梅德蒂”·达加洛是准军事组织快速支援部队(RSF)的领导人。双方都被指控犯有战争罪,尽管联合国专家和美国指责快速支援部队实施了种族灭绝。此外,约150支地方民兵组织的参与,以及苏丹武装部队(SAF)和快速支援部队各自获得的外部支持者网络,使战事更加复杂。在联合国大使迈克·沃尔茨的支持下,布洛斯试图利用针对苏丹达尔富尔地区实施超过二十年的武器禁运决议——第1591号决议——通过将制裁范围扩大到全国,进一步向苏丹武装部队和快速支援部队施压。
Both sides are accused of war crimes, although U.N. experts and the U.S. have accused the RSF of carrying out genocide. The fighting is further complicated by the participation of approximately 150 militias on the ground, and a constellation of external backers to the SAF and RSF. Boulos, backed by Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz, sought to use a more than two-decade old arms embargo on Sudan’s Darfur region – Resolution 1591 – to increase pressure on the SAF and RSF by expanding sanctions to the whole of the country.
布洛斯和沃尔茨在9月发表于《外交政策》杂志的一篇评论文章中写道:“美国已向安理会提出一项决议,旨在将武器禁运扩大到全国范围,明确表明制裁以及各成员国对这些规则的执行适用于所有维持这场战争的网络——无论属于哪一方,均无例外。”“是的,这项决议甚至将适用于武器贩子、采购代理人、雇佣兵招募者、国家支持的赞助者、既有金融家、无人机供应商,以及长期逃避正义的种族灭绝指挥官。”
“The United States has presented a resolution to the Security Council that would expand the arms embargo nationwide, making clear that sanctions and member state implementation of those rules apply to all the networks keeping this war alive—on both sides, with no carve-outs,” Boulos and Waltz wrote in an op-ed for Foreign Policy in September. “Yes, it will even apply to the arms traffickers, procurement agents, mercenary recruiters, state-backed patrons, established financiers, drone suppliers, and genocidal commanders who have for so long evaded justice.”
然而,拥有否决权的中国和俄罗斯,以及安理会多个非常任理事国的反对,已推迟了美国提案的投票。这种反对意见在9月的一次投票中表现得尤为明显:当时美国被迫将第1591号决议的有效期短期延长一个月,以便为扩大该决议的提案争取更多谈判时间。反对美国提案的人士称,该提案削弱了他们视为苏丹国家合法机构的苏丹武装部队,并错误地将它与实施种族灭绝的快速支援部队相提并论。
But pushback from veto-wielding powers China and Russia, and a number of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, have delayed the U.S. putting its proposal to a vote. That opposition was on display in a vote in September, when the U.S. was forced to put forward a short-term extension of 1591, for one month, to allow time for more negotiations on its expansion proposal. Opponents of the U.S. proposal say that it undermines the SAF, who they view as a legitimate institution of the Sudanese state, and draws a false equivalency with the genocidal RSF.
穆罕默德在接受《国会山报》采访时指出,第1591号决议的“根本问题”在于,它未能阻止达尔富尔地区的武器流入,尤其是流向快速支援部队的武器。
Mohammed, in a statement to The Hill, said that “the fundamental problem” with 1591 is that it has failed to stop weapons flows in Darfur, particularly to the RSF.
“执法不力的问题,不能通过扩大对承受这些违法行为后果的国家实施制裁来解决,”他说。“因此,苏丹坚决反对将武器禁运扩大到全国范围。此类措施将模糊苏丹合法国家武装力量与在政府权力之外活动的民兵和雇佣军之间的根本区别,同时可能削弱国家保护其领土和人民的能力。”特朗普政府拒绝承认苏丹武装部队(SAF)和布尔汉拥有合法的治理权力。
“A failure of enforcement cannot be remedied by expanding sanctions against the State suffering the consequences of those violations,” he said. “Sudan therefore remains firmly opposed to extending the arms embargo nationwide. Such a measure would blur the fundamental distinction between Sudan’s legitimate national armed forces and militias and mercenaries operating outside State authority, while potentially weakening the State’s ability to protect its territory and population.”The Trump administration rejects that the SAF, and Burhan, hold legitimate governing authority.
“无论是苏丹武装部队、快速支援部队,还是各自的领导人,都不代表苏丹合法、合乎宪法的治理——他们仅凭武力统治国家,”美国国务院发言人托米·皮戈特上个月在一份声明中表示。“交战各方每位领导人的行为都使他们不具备治理该国的资格。我们致力于恢复和平,并将权力归还给苏丹人民。”
“Neither the Sudanese Armed Forces, the Rapid Support Forces, nor their respective leaders, represent legitimate, constitutional governance for Sudan – they rule through force of arms alone” State Department Spokesperson Tommy Piggott said in a statement last month. “The conduct of each leader of the warring factions renders them ineligible to govern the country. We seek to restore peace and give power back to the Sudanese people.”