许多巴勒斯坦人仍挤在狭小的帐篷城中，而美国旨在结束战争的方案基本陷入停滞。
Many Palestinians are still living in cramped tent cities, with the US plan to end the war largely stalled.
作者：约吉塔·利马耶。上个月的一个清晨，在加沙中部，31岁的法达·阿尔图塔赫正在帐篷里为女儿梳头。她是一位五个孩子的母亲。突然，枪声大作。
By Yogita Limaye In her tent in central Gaza early one morning last month, 31-year-old Fida al-Toutah, a mother of five, was combing her daughter's hair when the sound of gunfire erupted. "My mother shouted at us to get down," her son Ezz recalled, weeping as he spoke.
她的儿子埃兹回忆道，当时母亲大喊让他们趴下。他说话时泪流满面。
He only realised Fida had been hit when he saw the bloodied hands of his younger brother, who had been clinging onto his mother as the bullets came in.
直到看到年幼的弟弟满手是血，他才发现母亲中弹了。子弹袭来时，弟弟一直紧紧抱着母亲。埃兹说：“我们的母亲如此善良、慷慨。她做错了什么？”法达于9月21日因头部中弹身亡。
据加沙由哈马斯管理的卫生部门统计，自去年10月10日停火开始以来，已有超过1400人在以色列的袭击中丧生。联合国认为该部门的数据是可靠的。
"Our mother was so kind and generous. What did she do wrong?" Ezz said. Fida died on 21 September from a gunshot wound to the head. She is among more than 1,400 people in Gaza who have been killed in Israeli attacks since the start of the ceasefire on 10 October last year, according to Gaza's Hamas-run health ministry, whose figures are considered reliable by the UN.
根据停火协议，以色列释放了数千名被扣押的巴勒斯坦人，以换取加沙境内剩余的全部48名人质，并达成结束战争的协议。这场战争是由2023年10月7日哈马斯领导的对以色列袭击引发的，当时约1200人丧生，251人被劫持为人质。
The ceasefire saw thousands of Palestinians held by Israel released in return for all of the 48 remaining hostages held in Gaza, and an agreement to end the war - which was triggered by the Hamas-led attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, when about 1,200 people were killed and 251 taken hostage.
在加沙实地，这意味着以色列的大规模轰炸停止，带来了巨大的缓解，进入该地区的人道主义援助和医疗物资也随之增加。
On the ground in Gaza, it meant that Israel's large-scale bombardment stopped, which brought substantial relief and an increase in humanitarian aid and medical supplies entering the territory.
但即使在停火期间，以色列几乎每天都在加沙发动打击。据加沙卫生部门称，仅在过去一周内，就有超过30人丧生。
But even during the ceasefire, Israel has continued launching strikes in Gaza almost every day. In the past week alone more than 30 people have been killed, according to Gaza's health ministry.
以色列表示，其打击目标是哈马斯武装人员，并指责哈马斯持续违反停火协议。
Israel says it is targeting Hamas operatives, and accuses Hamas of continued violations of the ceasefire.
法达的丈夫艾哈迈德说：“（停火）全是谎言。每天都有枪声。每天都有杀戮和死亡潜伏在周围。”
"It [the ceasefire] is all lies. Every day there's a shooting. Every day there is killing and death lurking around," said Ahed, Fida's husband.
针对英国广播公司（BBC）关于法达遇害的提问，以色列国防军（IDF）表示，他们没有该事件的记录。
In response to the BBC's questions about Fida's killing, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said they had no record of the incident.
据加沙卫生部称，自三年前加沙战争爆发以来，以色列袭击造成的死亡总人数现已超过74000人。
The total death toll from Israeli attacks since the start of the war in Gaza three years ago now stands at more than 74,000, according to the Gaza health ministry.
在法达的帐篷外，她的哥哥易卜拉欣指着那些他说是以色列军队连发子弹造成的弹孔。
Outside Fida's tent, her brother Ibrahim pointed to the holes he said were made by a volley of bullets fired by Israeli forces.
他说：“这顶帐篷只是一块布。想象一下，一辆军车开到这里，朝这里扫射了一排子弹。还有来自天空、从上方发射的火力，来自四轴飞行器，而且目标是手无寸铁的平民。”自战争开始以来，法达是易卜拉欣第四个遇难的兄弟姐妹。“我们离开自己的泽伊通社区是为了生存，但死亡却如影随形。”他说。
"This tent is just a piece of cloth. Imagine that a military vehicle came down here and fired a spray of bullets," he said. "There was also gunfire coming from the sky, from above, from quadcopters, and it was directed at unarmed civilians." Fida is the fourth of Ibrahim's siblings to be killed since the start of the war. "We left our neighbourhood Zeitoun to survive, but death is following us," he said.
这家人已经搬了七次家，但安全始终遥不可及。联合国表示，加沙210万人口中，大多数人因战争而多次流离失所，许多人被迫居住在帐篷城和不安全的建筑中。
The family has moved seven times but safety has been out of reach. Most of Gaza's 2.1 million population has been displaced multiple times by the war, the UN says, with many forced to live in tented cities and unsafe structures.
在法达遇害的同一天，14岁的伊斯梅尔·巴尔达维尔也被枪杀。他在加沙南部拉法的阿尔-马瓦西地区丧生。
On the same day that Fida was killed, 14-year-old Ismail al-Bardawil was also shot dead. He was killed in the al-Mawasi area of Rafah, in southern Gaza.
他的家人告诉BBC，当时他和兄弟们正在地中海捕鱼，距离海岸约20米（66英尺），被以色列军队射杀。据加沙卫生部称，自停火开始以来，已有超过300名儿童遇害。以色列国防军表示，他们也没有关于这起事件的信息。
His family told the BBC that he was shot by Israeli forces while he and his brothers were fishing in the Mediterranean Sea, around 20m (66ft) from the shore. He is one of more than 300 children killed since the start of the ceasefire, according to Gaza's health ministry. The IDF said it had no information about this incident either.
在过去一年中，以色列国防军发布了针对哈马斯和其他组织的加沙行动视频。自停火开始以来，已有至少七名以色列士兵在加沙丧生。
Over the past year, the IDF has released videos of its operations in Gaza targeted at Hamas and other groups. At least seven Israeli soldiers have been killed in Gaza since the start of the ceasefire.
法达和伊斯梅尔都住在所谓的“黄线”附近，这条线将以色列军队在加沙占领的地区与哈马斯控制的西部地区分隔开来。
Both Fida and Ismail lived close to the so-called Yellow Line that separates the areas occupied by the Israeli military in Gaza from areas controlled by Hamas in the west.
该线附近的区域被认为是最危险的，因为以色列军队经常在那里开火。但由于空间极度短缺，可供转移的选择很少。
Areas around the line are considered the most dangerous because Israeli forces have frequently opened fire there. But there are few options to move because there is an extreme shortage of space.
战前，加沙地带就人口密集。如今，当地民众被迫挤在仅占全境不到40%的区域内，而这些区域则由哈马斯控制。
The strip was densely populated even before the war began. Now, its population is squeezed into under 40% of its area, which is controlled by Hamas.
在该区域内，哈马斯维持着严密的统治，严厉镇压异见声音，同时仍在招募武装人员。
In those areas the group maintains a tight grip, clamping down on dissent and still recruiting fighters.
今年5月，以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡表示，他已下令让以色列国防军将以色列控制的加沙区域面积扩大至70%。
In May this year, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he had directed the IDF to increase the area of Gaza under Israel's control to 70%.
建筑师阿马尔·阿拉巴德拉战前住在舒适的公寓里，如今则栖身于海岸边的帐篷中。
Architect Amal Alabadla, who lived in a comfortable flat prior to the war, now lives in a tent on the coastline.
“每逢下雨，帐篷周围就会积水。风大时我特别害怕，因为帐篷随时可能被吹坏或损毁，”她说道。阿马尔独自抚养两个儿子——穆罕默德和诺亚。
"Every time the rains come, it gets flooded. I feel very scared when the wind is strong because our tent gets destroyed or damaged," she said. Amal is forced to raise her two boys - Mohammed and Noah - on her own.
战争爆发时，她的丈夫并不在加沙，三年过去了两人仍未重聚。此前一直帮她照顾孩子的三个兄弟，也在停火协议生效前相继在袭击中丧生。
Her husband was not in Gaza when the war broke out, and in three years they have not been reunited. Amal's three brothers, who helped her care for the boys, were killed in separate attacks before the ceasefire began.
“冬天天气寒冷，我儿子会癫痫发作。有时候很难让他保持干爽和温暖，”她说。
"During the winter, my son suffers from epilepsy seizures because of the cold. It's very hard sometimes to keep him dry and warm," she said.
“战前我有工作、有房子，过着普通人的生活，可一切都天翻地覆了。现在我们毫无希望可言。如今我们只能日复一日地求生，只求孩子们能活下去、保持干净、健康且吃饱。”在加沙内陆地区，有些难民营甚至建在海平面以下，面临更大的洪水风险。
"Before the war, I had a job, a house, an ordinary life, but then everything turned upside down. Now we have no hope, nothing. It's only about survival day by day, to keep my kids alive, clean, healthy and fed." There are camps further inland in Gaza that have even been built below sea level, which are at greater risk of flooding.
2025年10月达成的和平协议本应为加沙重建铺平道路，但由于协议第二阶段内容迟迟无法达成共识，重建工作至今仍未启动。
The October 2025 peace deal was supposed to pave the way for the reconstruction in Gaza, but rebuilding has not yet begun - stuck in limbo because of an impasse over the second phase of the deal.
以色列以自身安全为由，严格管控允许进入加沙的建筑材料与机械设备。
Israel strictly controls what materials and machinery are allowed into Gaza, acting, it says, for reasons of its own security.
今年早些时候，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普提出解除哈马斯武装的计划，但该方案于8月遭到内塔尼亚胡否决。内塔尼亚胡强调，在哈马斯“真正”解除武装之前，以色列不会从加沙撤军。
Earlier this year, US President Donald Trump put forward a plan to disarm Hamas, but in August it was rejected by Netanyahu, who stated that no military pull-out would happen until Hamas was "genuinely" disarmed.
哈马斯表示，移交重型武器的前提是以色列停止“一切形式的侵略”，并从加沙撤军。
Hamas has said handing over its heavy weapons is contingent on Israel ending "all forms of aggression" and withdrawing its forces from Gaza.
远隔半个地球，特朗普的和平委员会也提出了一项价值24.5亿美元（18.5亿英镑）的加沙重建计划。
Half a world away, Trump's Board of Peace has also proposed a recovery plan for Gaza worth $2.45bn (£1.85bn).
然而，停火已过去一年，战争爆发也已三年，许多像阿马尔一样的人对局势是否真正改善深表怀疑。
But, one year on from the ceasefire and three years on from the start of the war, many like Amal are deeply sceptical of things actually changing on the ground.
她说：“我们正在艰难求生，却不被允许重建家园。我不认为他们关于允许我们为孩子们重建安全未来的说法是真实的。”
"We are struggling and not being allowed to rebuild," she said. "I don't think they are telling us the truth about allowing us to rebuild a safe future for our children."