超过80架美国军用飞机在对伊朗的战争中受损或被摧毁，这场战争已进入第七个月，导致数十亿美元的损失，一份新的国会报告披露。损失凸显了空域已成为美军激烈争夺的前线。与伊拉克和阿富汗战争不同，那些战争中美军通常拥有空中优势，因敌方行动导致的飞机损失相对较少，而伊朗战争使得空中和地面的飞机都面临持续的导弹和无人机攻击。
More than 80 US military aircraft have been damaged or destroyed in the war against Iran, now in its seventh month, resulting in billions of dollars in losses, a new congressional report has revealed. The losses highlight how airspace has become a fiercely contested front for the US military. Unlike the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where American forces generally operated with air superiority and suffered relatively few aircraft losses to enemy action, the war in Iran has exposed aircraft both in the air and on the ground to sustained missile and drone attacks.
国会研究服务部本周发布的最新报告列出了自2月28日以来美军对伊朗行动中损失或受损的81架飞机。名单包括战斗机、加油机、直升机、预警机和特种作战飞机。近50架是各种类型的无人机——几乎全部是MQ-9收割者，也有少量MQ-1捕食者和一架MQ-4C海神。数架美机被伊朗击落，另有一些在中东美军基地地面被击中。
The updated report from the Congressional Research Service, which was released this week, lists 81 aircraft that were lost or damaged in US operations against Iran since February 28. The list includes fighter jets, refueling tankers, helicopters, airborne early warning aircraft, and special operations planes. Nearly 50 were drones of various types — almost all of them MQ-9 Reapers, but also a few MQ-1 Predators and one MQ-4C Triton. Several US aircraft were shot down by Iran, while others were struck on the ground at American bases across the Middle East.
三架F-15E战斗机在科威特因误击被毁。损失中包括高价值资产，如F-35A闪电II隐形战机和E-3哨兵预警机，这些都是军方最昂贵且保密最严的资产。七架KC-135空中加油机受损或被毁；其中一架在三月中旬坠毁于伊拉克，机上六名机组人员全部遇难——这是所有事件中死亡人数最多的一起。军用飞机的制造需要多年时间，每架成本达数千万甚至上亿美元。
Three F-15E fighter jets were destroyed by friendly fire over Kuwait. Among these losses are high-value assets, such as an F-35A Lightning II stealth jet and an E-3 Sentry airborne early warning plane, some of the military's most expensive and closely-guarded assets. Seven KC-135 Stratotankers were damaged or destroyed; one crashed in Iraq in mid-March, killing all six crew members — the deadliest of all the incidents. Military aircraft take years to build, with each costing tens or hundreds of millions of dollars.
报告指出，一些受损飞机可能已重新服役——但国会可能需要审查国防工业是否能够足够快地补充这些缺口以满足其他军事需求，以及此类损失可能为对手提供的优势。
The report noted that some damaged aircraft may have returned to service — but Congress may need to examine whether the defense industry can replenish those shortfalls quickly enough to meet other military demands, and how such losses might provide an advantage to adversaries.
国会预算办公室在九月表示，估计截至8月1日的设备损失费用至少为19亿美元，但该数字可能高达33亿美元，具体取决于美国的更换计划。上个月，伊朗对约旦一座基地的袭击导致多架美国飞机受损，随后这些飞机已恢复服役。国会预算办公室估算，“史诗之怒”行动使国防部花费超过380亿美元，其中包括弹药支出、设备损失和其他费用。国会研究服务部最新的统计基于官方军方声明、媒体报道以及五角大楼监察长的报告，后者称截至6月30日，近60架飞机受到损坏或被毁。
The Congressional Budget Office said in September that it estimated the cost of equipment losses was at least $1.9 billion as of August 1, but that figure could be higher than $3.3 billion, depending on how the US plans to replace it. Several American aircraft were damaged in an Iranian strike on a base in Jordan last month, although they have since returned to service. The CBO estimated that Operation Epic Fury cost the Department of Defense more than $38 billion, including munitions expenditures, equipment losses, and other expenses. The updated tally from the Congressional Research Service is based on official military statements, media reports, and the Pentagon's inspector general, which said nearly 60 aircraft were damaged or destroyed as of June 30.