据五位知情人士透露，包括美国特使贾里德·库什纳在内的俄罗斯和美国高级官员曾就邀请美国投资者参与“北溪”（Nord Stream）天然气管道项目进行过讨论。该管道在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前一直负责向德国输送天然气。
Top Russian and US officials, including US Special Envoy Jared Kushner, have held talks about bringing a US investor into the Nord Stream pipelines that delivered gas to Germany before Russia invaded Ukraine, five people with knowledge of the situation said.
参与讨论的还包括俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的亲密顾问基里尔·德米特里耶夫（Kirill Dmitriev）以及唐纳德·特朗普总统的女婿库什纳。库什纳一直致力于推动俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的停火谈判，他认为商业合作是实现和平的关键；一旦战争结束，美国投资者将能够从向欧洲输送天然气的过程中获利。
The discussions included Kirill Dmitriev, a close adviser to Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Kushner, the son-in-law of US President Donald Trump, the people said. Kushner, who has been trying to broker a truce between Russia and Ukraine, views doing business as central to restoring peace. Such a deal would enable US investors to profit from energy flows to Europe once the war ends.
德米特里耶夫与库什纳最近几周在莫斯科和纽约分别会面。虽然目前尚不清楚他们在这些会面中具体讨论了哪些内容，但这一议题仍被列为讨论的重点。一位白宫官员在接受路透社采访时表示：“任何相关协议都必须由俄罗斯与美国国际开发金融公司（DFC）及美国财政部协商达成，并且必须符合美国纳税人和企业的利益。”
Dmitriev and Kushner have met in Moscow and New York in recent weeks. While it was unclear to what degree they discussed Nord Stream on those occasions, the topic remains on the agenda, two of the people told Reuters. “Any deals will have to be negotiated by Russia with DFC (US International Development Finance Corporation) and Treasury and must benefit United States taxpayers and companies,” a White House official said, when asked about the pipeline discussions.
该官员还强调：“最近并没有关于‘北溪’项目的任何讨论。”此前，德米特里耶夫曾公开呼吁恢复俄罗斯对德国的天然气供应；上个月，他与美国能源部和财政部的代表会面，探讨了美俄之间的能源合作可能性。不过德米特里耶夫的代表拒绝对此发表评论。
There had been “no Nord Stream discussions recently”, the official told Reuters. Dmitriev, who has campaigned for a resumption of Russian gas sales to Germany, met last month with US Energy and Treasury Department representatives to discuss potential US-Russia energy initiatives. A representative for Dmitriev declined to comment.
目前尚不清楚华盛顿方面对重启俄罗斯对德国的天然气供应究竟有多大的兴趣——德国是欧洲最大的能源消费国。一位美国官员表示，鉴于存在的种种障碍，短期内达成协议的可能性不大。由于“北溪”管道项目受到了美国和欧盟的制裁，任何重启行为均属于违法行为。特朗普或许可以暂时解除或放宽美国的制裁措施，但如果民主党在下次中期选举中控制国会，这种情况将变得更加困难。
It remains unclear how interested Washington is in pursuing the restarting of Russian gas flows to Germany, which is Europe’s biggest energy consumer. A US official said that given the obstacles, a deal is unlikely in the medium term. The Nord Stream gas pipelines are sanctioned by the US and the EU, making any restart illegal. Trump could waive or soften US sanctions, but if Democrats win control of Congress in next month’s midterm elections, this would become harder.
德国及其他欧洲国家正在投入数十亿欧元重建军队，以防范俄罗斯的威胁；因此，它们会强烈反对重新开通“北溪”管道（Nord Stream）。
Germany and other European countries, which are spending billions of euros rebuilding their military to defend themselves from Russia, would strongly resist reopening Nord Stream.
德国经济与能源部的一位女发言人表示，“北溪”管道以及俄罗斯的天然气在欧盟范围内已被列为受制裁的对象，德国已经找到了替代能源供应途径。她强调，任何重新开通该管道的行为都需要政府批准，而德国方面并不希望这样做。
A spokeswoman for Germany’s economy and energy ministry said Nord Stream and Russian gas were sanctioned in Europe and that Germany had found alternatives. She said any reopening of the pipelines required government approval and this was not desired.
在2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前，德国超过一半的天然气是通过“北溪”管道从俄罗斯进口的。由于俄罗斯削减了对欧洲的天然气供应，这些管道一度被关闭；随后在2022年9月，这些管道遭到了水下爆炸的破坏。
Before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Germany bought more than half of its gas from Russia through the two Nord Stream pipelines. They were mothballed after Moscow throttled supply to Europe and were blown up in a series of underwater explosions in September 2022.
关于“北溪”管道的所有权问题：莫斯科与华盛顿之间的谈判正在展开，但欧洲对俄罗斯的动机充满怀疑。今年早些时候，五个欧洲情报机构的负责人向路透社表示，俄罗斯并不希望尽快结束战争，反而试图通过谈判达成商业协议。
NORD STREAM OWNERSHIP HURDLES Talks between Moscow and Washington are taking place against a backdrop of deep European mistrust of Russia’s motives. Earlier this year, the heads of five European spy agencies told Reuters that Russia did not want to end the war quickly and was using US talks to push for business deals instead.
德国与俄罗斯的关系已降至历史低点——德国是向乌克兰提供军事支持的主要国家之一；柏林方面指责俄罗斯正在实施一系列混合攻击（即同时使用常规军事手段与非传统手段进行攻击）。一些德国议员认为，任何商业协议都可能帮助俄罗斯继续其对乌克兰的战争行动。
Relations between Russia and Germany, which is among the biggest providers of military support to Ukraine, have hit a low ebb, as officials in Berlin have accused Russia of mounting a systematic campaign of hybrid attacks. Some German lawmakers say that business deals would bolster Moscow as it pursues war with Ukraine.
“这很可能是一笔‘肮脏的交易’，会让欧洲付出沉重代价，”曾在乌克兰危机后负责德国能源政策的议员迈克尔·凯尔纳（Michael Kellner）说道：“美国人和俄罗斯人将会分享这笔交易的利润。”
“This threatens to be a dirty deal that will cost Europe dearly,” said Michael Kellner, a lawmaker who was in charge of German energy policy in the aftermath of the Ukraine invasion. “Americans and Russians will share the profits,” he said.
虽然德国的联合政府反对重新开通“北溪”管道，但该国最受欢迎的政治党派——“德国选择党”（Alternative for Germany, AfD）却支持这一提议。德米特里耶夫（Dmitriev）计划于明年年初与“德国选择党”的领导层会面，讨论是否可以再次出售俄罗斯的天然气。
While Germany’s coalition government is opposed to restarting the pipeline, Alternative for Germany (AfD), the country’s most popular political party, wants to do so. Dmitriev will meet the AfD leadership early next year to discuss selling Russian gas again.
但将控制“北溪”天然气管道系统的公司的所有权出售给美国投资者，或重新恢复俄罗斯的天然气出口，都面临着诸多障碍。
But selling ownership of the company that controls the Nord Stream gas pipelines to a US investor or restarting Russian gas faces hurdles.
该公司51%的股份由俄罗斯国有能源巨头俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（Gazprom）持有；另外31%的股份由两家德国企业持有，其余股份则归法国和荷兰的公司所有。
The company is 51% owned by Russian state energy giant Gazprom, with a further 31% split between two German entities and the rest in the hands of a French and a Dutch firm.
另一位人士表示，如果俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司出售其股份，这两家德国股东希望保留自己的持股，以维持德国在该公司的影响力。
The two German shareholders are seeking to keep their shares to maintain German influence, should Gazprom sell its stake, said another person.
莫斯科会议几天后，库什纳在基辅表示，他曾与欧洲同行讨论过战争如何推高了能源价格，并倡导签署“促进繁荣的协议”，以促进和平，并为各国领导人提供“值得期待的前景”。
Days after the Moscow meetings, Kushner said in Kyiv he had spoken to European counterparts about how the war pushed up energy prices, advocating “prosperity agreements” to encourage peace and give “leaders … something to look forward to”.
虽然达成天然气交易会令克里姆林宫满意，但这会加剧德国国内的分歧——德国民众对于购买俄罗斯能源的态度存在分歧；同时，欧洲国家（尤其是波兰和波罗的海国家）也反对与俄罗斯建立能源合作关系。
While a gas deal would please the Kremlin, it would split German public opinion, which is divided over buying Russian energy, and Europe, where Poland and the Baltic states are particularly vulnerable to Russia and reject energy ties.
一位了解政府立场的人士称，波兰的政治领导层正在密切关注有关重新开通该天然气管道的讨论，但仍然坚决反对这一计划。
Poland’s political leadership is watching the discussions to reopen the pipeline but remains firmly opposed, said one person with knowledge of the government’s thinking.
另外两位熟悉此事的人士表示，库什纳和德米特里耶夫还在讨论出售俄罗斯能源公司卢克奥伊尔（Lukoil）在欧洲及其他地区拥有的各类资产（包括炼油厂和加油站）。根据该计划，由美国外交发展投资公司（DFC）以及卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国的投资者组成的财团将收购这些资产，同时美国方面也会解除相关制裁。
Kushner and Dmitriev have also been discussing the sale of a collection of businesses, from oil refineries to petrol stations in Europe and elsewhere which are owned by Russian energy company Lukoil, said two other people familiar with the matter. Under that plan, a consortium of the DFC federal investment agency and investors from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, would buy the assets, while US authorities would lift sanctions, those people said.
一位白宫官员表示：“在卢克奥伊尔的交易中，史蒂夫·维特科夫（Steve Witkoff）和贾里德·库什纳（Jared Kushner）与DFC合作，为美国争取到了可观的预付款和利润分成。”
“On Lukoil, Steve (Witkoff) and Jared (Kushner) worked with DFC to negotiate a substantial upfront payment and profits interest for the United States,” said a White House official.
卢克奥伊尔和俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司均未对相关评论请求作出回应。
Lukoil and Gazprom did not respond to requests for comment.