克利夫兰联储行长贝斯·哈马克周一表示，可能需要更紧缩的货币政策来降低通胀，央行应当快速、逐步地进行调整。
Cleveland Federal Reserve President Beth Hammack said Monday that tighter monetary policy might be needed to bring down inflation and the central bank should make fast, incremental adjustments.
“在可行的情况下，我通常认为较小的调整更可取，并且应当相对快速地实施，而不是等待后可能需要进行更大的路径修正。” 哈马克在全国商业经济协会年会上发表的准备好的讲话中如是说。她是美联储政策制定委员会的投票成员。
"When feasible, I generally think it's preferable to make smaller adjustments, and to do so relatively quickly, rather than to wait and risk needing a larger course correction," Hammack, a voting member of the Fed's policymaking committee, said in prepared remarks delivered during the National Association of Business Economics annual gathering.
“综合考虑影响我反应函数的所有因素，采取紧缩的货币政策立场是合适的，以确保及时将通胀率恢复至2%。” 哈马克补充道。
"Considering all the inputs that factor into my reaction function, a restrictive monetary policy stance is appropriate to ensure a timely return to 2 percent inflation," Hammack added.
哈马克的言论表明，未来可能会有更多的加息。美联储官员在9月的会议纪要中表示，他们可能会投票再次加息——但未明确表明何时会做出此类决定。美联储上个月首次在三年内投票决定加息。
Hammack's comments signal that more interest rate hikes could be on the horizon. Fed officials signaled in September meeting minutes that they could vote to raise rates again— but did not give a clear indication on when such a decision would come. The Fed last month voted to increase interest rates for the first time in three years.
根据CME的FedWatch工具，交易员预计央行在本月晚些时候的政策会议上维持利率不变的可能性超过78%。但他们认为，在美联储今年最后一次会议——12月会议上加息的可能性接近88%。
Traders priced in a more than 78% likelihood that the central bank keeps rates unchanged at its policy meeting later this month, according to CME's FedWatch tool. But they see a nearly 88% chance of a hike at the Fed's final meeting of the year in December.
哈马克表示，粘性通胀对消费者、企业和货币政策制定者都构成挑战。克利夫兰联储行长称，鉴于当前通胀压力的“广度”，她预计将年度价格增长降至央行2%的目标将需要“一些时间”。
Sticky inflation poses challenges for consumers, businesses and monetary policymakers alike, Hammack said. The Cleveland Fed chief said that, with the "breadth" of current inflationary pressures, she expects it will take "some time" to get annual price growth down to the central bank's goal of 2%.
个人消费支出价格指数在8月同比上涨3.4%。所谓的核心读数——剔除波动较大的食品和能源成本，且受到美联储青睐——较去年同期上涨3%。
personal consumption expenditures price index came in at 3.4% year over year in August. The so-called core reading of the index, which strips out volatile food and energy costs and is favored by the Fed,ed at 3% compared with a year prior.
“尽管实际通胀已超过目标水平超过五年，但长期通胀预期仍保持了相当稳固的锚定状态，”哈马克说。”但我不认为这是理所当然的。“”随着每个月的过去，持续居高不下的通胀正在增加通胀思维在经济中根深蒂固的风险，”她说。
"Long-run inflation expectations have stayed remarkably well anchored despite actual inflation being above target for more than five years," Hammack said. "But I'm not taking that for granted." "With each passing month, persistently elevated inflation raises the risks of an inflationary mindset becoming entrenched in the economy," she said.