10月12日——欧洲导弹制造商MBDA的首席执行官周一表示，将更多国防开支引导至欧洲供应商的努力面临政治障碍，欧盟各国政府在对美国安全保证的依赖程度问题上仍存在分歧。
Oct 12 - The head of European missile maker MBDA said on Monday that efforts to steer more defence spending towards European suppliers faced political hurdles, with EU governments still divided over how much to rely on US security guarantees.
华盛顿一直敦促欧洲北约盟友增加国防开支，而法国则在质疑美国对欧洲安全承诺的背景下，带头呼吁采购更多欧洲制造的武器。
Washington has been pressing European NATO allies to increase defence spending, while France has led calls to buy more European-made weapons amid questions over the US commitment to Europe's security.
MBDA首席执行官埃里克·贝朗热在华沙安全论坛上提问：“作为欧洲人，我们是希望真正掌握自己的命运，并将欧洲自身的能力带入北约联盟，还是仅仅通过外部采购来增强自身实力？”
"Do we want as Europeans to really take our own fate in our hands and then bring our European capabilities to the NATO alliance, or are we simply increasing our capabilities by buying outside?" MBDA CEO Eric Beranger asked the Warsaw Security Forum.
贝朗热表示：“各国政府之间存在一些不同的态度。我认为目前尚无定论。”他还补充道：“前路仍有一段距离要走。”
"There are some different attitudes between the various governments. I think the jury is still out," Beranger said, adding: "There is still some way to go".
威慑方面，贝朗热将于下月卸任。他是论坛上多位讨论欧洲战略自主性的演讲者之一。此次论坛在乌克兰战争紧张局势升级的背景下举行。
DETERRENCE Beranger, who steps down next month, was among several speakers debating European strategic autonomy at the forum, which is taking place amid heightened tensions over the war in Ukraine.
包括会议主办国波兰、德国和荷兰在内的多个欧洲国家，已从美国供应商处采购了F-35战斗机等设备。
Several European countries, including conference host Poland, Germany and the Netherlands, have turned to US suppliers for equipment such as F-35 fighter jets.
美国驻欧盟代表团今年2月表示：“在欧洲采购计划中限制美国国防工业，将威胁到这种伙伴关系，并削弱我们的共同安全。”
"Limiting American defense industry in European procurement programs threatens that partnership and weakens our mutual security", the US mission to the European Union said in February.
核威慑也是讨论的重点之一。俄罗斯最近再次警告称，其可能使用核武器来自卫。
Nuclear deterrence was also a focus of the discussion, with Russia recently renewing warnings that it could use nuclear weapons to defend itself.
英国前国防部长本·华莱士表示：“在本次会议上，所有议题中，俄罗斯人最感兴趣的……将是这一议题。”他指的是欧洲加强核威慑和常规威慑能力的议题。
"Of all the events at this conference that the Russians will be most interested in hearing ... it will be this one", former British defence minister Ben Wallace said, referring to Europe's ability to strengthen its nuclear and conventional deterrence.
“威慑力不仅体现在军事能力上，还体现在人们的认知与信念上。我们是否相信美国的盟友会伸出援手？俄罗斯是否也相信美国的盟友会这么做？”德国马歇尔基金会负责跨大西洋安全事务的高级副总裁克劳迪娅·梅杰（Claudia Major）问道。
"Deterrence is not only capabilities; deterrence is also perceptions. Do we believe our American allies will come? Does Russia believe our American allies will come?" said Claudia Major, senior vice president for transatlantic security at the German Marshall Fund.
“我并不是说要放弃对美国的信任，只是提醒大家不要盲目乐观，”梅杰补充道，并提到了最近美国与俄罗斯在格陵兰岛及乌克兰问题上的分歧。
"I don't say give up on the US. I just say don't blind ourselves", Major added, citing recent friction with the US over Greenland, Russia and Ukraine.
包括美国在内的北约成员国在7月的安卡拉峰会上重申了他们对集体防御的承诺，重申“对任何一个成员国的攻击都等同于对所有成员国的攻击”。
NATO members, including the US, reaffirmed their commitment to collective defence in the Ankara Summit Declaration in July, repeating that "an attack on one is an attack on all".
贝朗热（Beranger）强调，可信度是威慑力的核心要素，并指出欧洲已经具备了加强自身防御能力所需的工业基础。
Stressing that credibility is central to deterrence, Beranger said Europe already had the industrial base it needed to strengthen its defences.