本月晚些时候，俄罗斯议会将对一项预算案进行表决。该预算案规定，创纪录的44%的联邦支出将用于国防与安全领域——这一比例是社会事业开支的两倍。目前克里姆林宫正持续推动对乌克兰的全面战争，这已是第五个年头。俄罗斯国家杜马定于10月22日开始审议2027至2029年度的预算草案。弗拉基米尔·普京领导的“统一俄罗斯党”在9月的议会选举中获得了宪法规定的绝对多数席位，因此该预算案在通过前不太可能出现重大修改。
Russia's parliament will vote later this month on a budget that allocates a record 44% of federal spending to defence and security — double the share for social programmes — as the Kremlin presses ahead with a fifth year of all-out war in Ukraine. The State Duma, Russia's lower house of parliament, is due to begin examining the 2027–2029 draft on 22 October. President Vladimir Putin's United Russia party won an absolute constitutional majority in September's parliamentary elections, making major amendments unlikely before it passes.
今年俄罗斯的军费开支已达17万亿卢布（约合1810亿欧元），而原定预算仅为12.1万亿卢布（约1290亿欧元）。这一数据充分反映出自2022年2月俄罗斯对乌克兰发动全面入侵以来，战争成本持续攀升的现实。在2027年的预算中，国防与安全领域的开支占比44%，创下历史最高纪录。
Military expenditure this year has reached 17 trillion roubles (€181 billion) against the 12.1 trillion (€129 billion) originally budgeted, showing the escalating cost of the full-scale invasion Russia launched against Ukraine in February 2022. Defence and security's 44% share of the 2027 budget is the highest on record. The Finance Ministry's draft lists "fulfilling social obligations to citizens" as its top priority.
尽管财政部在预算草案中将“履行对民众的社会义务”列为首要任务，实际数据却呈现出另一番景象：2027年社会事业开支预计将减少7%，从7.1万亿卢布（约760亿欧元）降至6.65万亿卢布（约710亿欧元），这些资金将用于发放养老金、退伍军人补助、生育津贴及其他社会福利。政府虽承诺会根据通货膨胀率调整相关补助金额，但过去两年间俄罗斯官方公布的通胀率一直维持在8%以上，而独立经济学家估计的实际通胀水平则更高。
The figures tell a different story. Social policy spending will fall 7% in 2027, from 7.1 trillion roubles (€76 billion) to 6.65 trillion (€71 billion), covering pensions, payments to veterans, maternity benefits and other support. The government has pledged to index these payments against inflation. Russia's official inflation rate has exceeded 8% for much of the past two years, and independent economists put the real figure higher.
克里姆林宫还宣布，未来三年将设立总额达10万亿卢布（约1070亿欧元）的“儿童专项预算”，用于发放生育补助、儿童福利金及住房援助项目。不过这笔资金与国防开支的比例仅为1:5。此外，联邦政府向军人及其家属发放的各类补助均被归入“国防开支”范畴，预计该领域开支明年将增长约四分之一。
The Kremlin has announced a 10 trillion rouble (€107 billion) "children's budget" over the next three years, covering maternity payments, child benefits, and housing programmes. The ratio of those funds to defence spending is one to five. Federal payments to servicemen and their families fall under the "national defence" section, whose spending will rise by roughly a quarter next year.
以孤儿与穷人为代价的战争：联邦预算并非社会开支面临压力的唯一因素。
War at the expense of orphans and the poorThe federal budget is not the only source of pressure on social spending.
俄罗斯各地区需分担部分战争相关开支，而许多地区本就存在财政赤字，这迫使地方当局不得不削减民生预算。9月下旬，阿尔汉格尔斯克州将原本用于社会福利的6300多万卢布转作一次性战争补贴及阵亡军人抚恤金——其中三分之二原本用于支付给养父母的补助，其余则用于资助多子女家庭。几天前，图拉州也从针对养子养女、低收入家庭、残疾儿童家庭、孤儿住房修缮及退伍军人帮扶的预算中削减了5400万卢布，全部用于支付军人薪酬及阵亡抚恤金。
Russia's regions partly fund war-related payments, many of which are already running deficits, forcing local authorities to cut civilian budgets. In late September the Arkhangelsk region redirected more than 63 million roubles originally earmarked for social support — two-thirds from payments to foster parents, the rest from support for large families — to one-off war payments and death compensation.A few days earlier the Tula region cut 54 million roubles from spending on foster children, low-income households, families with disabled children, housing repairs for orphans and support for labour veterans, redirecting the sum to servicemen's pay and compensation for the dead.
在圣彼得堡，当局正拟议一项法案，计划削减教育、交通设施维修及医疗项目开支，同时增加对军人的补贴。“抚恤金”遭削减自去年秋季起，俄罗斯各地用于阵亡军人家属的一次性抚恤金——民间俗称“棺材钱”——均出现大幅削减。这类款项属于联邦政府发放的阵亡军人家属一次性补偿金的补充部分；2022至2023年间，各地区为吸引更多兵源纷纷大幅提高该补贴额度。
In St Petersburg, authorities have prepared a bill reducing spending on education, transport repairs and medical projects while increasing payments to servicemen.' Coffin money' being cutRegional lump-sum death payments — known informally as "coffin money" — have been cut across Russia since autumn of last year. The payments are regional supplements to the federal one-time compensation paid to families of troops killed in action, and regions sharply raised them in 2022–2023 as they competed to attract recruits.
在乌里扬诺夫斯克州，最初发放的抚恤金为100万卢布（约合1.07万欧元）；至今年2月该数额被减半，随后又进一步降至5万卢布（约533欧元）。巴什科尔托斯坦共和国最初发放的200万卢布（约2.13万欧元）抚恤金如今已降至最多10万卢布（约1.1万欧元）。基洛夫州与鄂木斯克州的发放标准则从100万卢布降至50万卢布（约5300欧元）；克麦罗沃州的金额从300万卢布降至100万卢布。
In Ulyanovsk region the payment stood at 1 million roubles (€10,700). By February it had been halved, then cut again to 50,000 roubles (€533).In Bashkortostan, the initial 2 million roubles (€21,300) payment has fallen to no more than 100,000 (€1,100).Kirov and Omsk regions have halved payments from 1 million to 500,000 roubles (€5,300). In Kemerovo the payment went down from 3 million to 1 million.
萨拉托夫州的居民直至9月下旬还能领取100万卢布，如今却只能拿到原先十分之一的数额。此类高额补贴也引发了诸多欺诈行为。
In Saratov, families who received 1 million roubles until late September now receive a tenth of that. The sums attracted fraud. In Primorsky Krai, a warrant officer was alleged to have arranged marriages between contract soldiers heading to the front and local women, with the compensation shared among participants if the men were killed.
在滨海边疆区，一名军士长被指控安排前往前线的合同兵与当地女性结婚，若男子阵亡，则由参与者分摊补偿金。在哈巴罗夫斯克，当局于2月因涉嫌策划类似安排而拘留了六人，他们使用公证授权书获取士兵的银行账户，涉案金额据称达240万卢布（约25600欧元）。一些家庭根本未获得任何补偿。被军方列为失踪或逃兵而非确认死亡的士兵无资格获得一次性付款。
In Khabarovsk, authorities detained six people in February on suspicion of orchestrating similar arrangements, using notarised powers of attorney to access soldiers’ bank accounts, with alleged damages reaching 2.4 million roubles (€25,600).Some families receive nothing at all. Soldiers classified by the military as missing or as deserters rather than confirmed dead are ineligible for the one-time payment.
遇难者的亲属称，这种划分被用于扣留补偿。医疗支出微不足道。根据独立俄罗斯媒体的计算，明年医疗支出将降至7万亿卢布（约750亿欧元），降幅为6.8%，尽管财政部对此数据持异议。在未来三年，医疗领域将获得28.6万亿卢布（约3050亿欧元），而军事领域将获得50万亿卢布（约5330亿欧元）。急救服务的资金被削减了超过四分之一。
Relatives of those killed say the designation is used to withhold compensation. Healthcare insignificantHealthcare spending will fall to 7 trillion roubles (€75 billion) next year, a 6.8% reduction according to calculations by independent Russian media, though the Finance Ministry disputes the figure. Over the three-year period, healthcare will receive 28.6 trillion roubles (€305 billion) against 50 trillion roubles (€533 billion) for the military. Funding for ambulance services has been cut by more than a quarter.
在各地区建设和维修门诊诊所的计划被减半。国家癌症项目在2027年将获得39亿卢布的资金，而今年为449亿卢布。
The programme to build and repair outpatient clinics in the regions has been halved. The national cancer programme will receive 3.9 billion roubles in 2027, down from 44.9 billion this year.