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特朗普政府大幅缩短难民质疑其法律身份被撤销的期限Trump administration slashes time refugees have to challenge loss of legal status

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特朗普政府正在采用一项新规,将削减难民对其合法身份终止提出质疑的时间。(图片来源:Jim WATSON / AFP 通过 Getty Images)The Trump administration is adopting a new rule that would cut the time refugees have to challenge the termination of their legal status. (Photo by Jim WATSON / AFP via Getty Images)

特朗普政府正在实施一项新规定,该规定将难民质疑其法律地位被终止的权利的有效期限缩短。这一举措进一步限制了合法的移民途径,体现了白宫在移民执法方面的强硬立场。

The Trump administration is adopting a new rule that would shorten the time refugees have to challenge the termination of their legal status, marking another restriction on legal immigration pathways as the White House continues its immigration enforcement crackdown.

这项新政策将于周三正式生效,且未经过常规的公开通知和征求意见程序。根据新规定,难民对终止其法律地位的通知作出回应的期限从30天缩短至10天。

The new policy, which takes effect Wednesday without undergoing the usual advance public notice-and-comment process, reduces the time refugees have to respond to a notice of intent to terminate their status from 30 days to 10.

政府表示,此举旨在“降低那些虽被认定为难民但实际上不符合难民资格的人所带来的潜在风险”。

According to the new rule, the administration is aiming to "mitigate potential risks" linked to people who were admitted as refugees but were not eligible for refugee status.

相关文件指出,在拜登政府执政期间,难民项目的公正性受到了严重损害;不过难民权益倡导者对此指控表示质疑。

The documents pointed to refugees admitted during the Biden administration, claiming there was an "alarming erosion of the integrity" of the refugee program during those years, although refugee advocates dispute that allegation.

特朗普政府在全球范围内暂停签证发放:美国国土安全部(DHS)的文件称:“对拜登政府推行的难民审批政策和程序的审查显示,这些政策的公正性受到了严重破坏,导致一些身份信息不完整、不符合难民资格的人仍被允许以难民身份进入美国。”

TRUMP ADMIN PAUSES VISA APPOINTMENTS WORLDWIDE AMID HEIGHTENED SCREENING FOR APPLICANTS "A review of refugee processing policies and procedures implemented under the Biden administration indicates an alarming erosion of integrity leading to aliens being admitted to the United States as refugees when their identities, eligibility for refugee classification, and admissibility were determined based on incomplete records," DHS' document reads.

“优先考虑效率而非质量导致缺乏严格的面试,” 该报告补充道。“为确保外国人在入境美国前具备难民资格而应提出的某些问题被省略,这增加了不符合资格的外国人被批准为难民身份并随后被允许入境美国的风险。”公民及移民服务局发言人扎克·卡勒同样表示,该机构在拜登政府期间发现了“筛选和审查措施的令人担忧的削弱”,目的是“加快处理进程并最大化被接纳难民的数量”。他在向《美联社》发表的声明中表示,特朗普政府正“确保难民身份仅保留给依法符合资格的人”。

"The priority of expediency over quality encouraged a lack of robust interviews," it added. "Certain questions to ensure that aliens were eligible for refugee status prior to admission to the United States were omitted and this increased the risk of ineligible aliens being approved for refugee classification and subsequently admitted to the United States." A spokesman for Citizenship and Immigration Services, Zach Kahler, similarly said the agency has found "an alarming erosion of screening and vetting measures" during the Biden administration to "rush processing and maximize the number of refugees admitted." The Trump administration is "ensuring that refugee status is reserved only for those who were eligible under the law," he said in a statement to The Associated Press.

此前,特朗普政府下令审查拜登政府期间仍持有待决绿卡申请的至少18.5万名被接纳难民。

This comes after the Trump administration ordered the review of at least 185,000 refugees admitted during the Biden administration who still have pending green card applications.

自1980年国会通过《难民法》以来,美国难民接纳计划历来享有两党支持。难民在获准重新安置前需经过广泛的安全筛查和背景调查。许多人在难民营中等待数年,经历多轮面试和筛查后才能获准入境。

The U.S. refugee admissions program has historically enjoyed bipartisan support since Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980. Refugees undergo extensive security screenings and background checks before being approved for resettlement. Many spend years waiting in refugee camps before they can be admitted after undergoing multiple rounds of interviews and screenings.

随着特朗普政府新规的实施,批评者认为,数万名因本国遭受迫害和战争而逃离的人可能被强制驱逐出境。

With the Trump administration's new rule, critics argue tens of thousands of people who fled persecution and wars in their home countries could be forced into deportation.

“这些家庭做了他们被要求做的一切,” 全球难民组织总裁克里希·奥马拉·维尼拉贾在一份声明中说。“他们接受了面试、背景调查以及在国外多年的等待,只有在政府官员批准他们的申请后才踏上美国土地。”

"These families did everything asked of them," Krish O’Mara Vignarajah, president of Global Refuge, said in a statement. "They submitted to interviews, background checks and years of waiting abroad, only setting foot on U.S. soil once government officials approved their applications."

特朗普政府下令审查拜登政府期间入境的至少 18.5 万名仍有待审的绿卡申请的难民。(John Moore/Getty Images)The Trump administration ordered the review of at least 185,000 refugees admitted during the Biden administration who still have pending green card applications. (John Moore/Getty Images)

她说,国土安全部现在希望“在10天的时限内重新审视这些决定,而这个通知期完全不足以找到律师、翻译文件或从他们因冲突或迫害被迫逃离的国家获取记录。”

She said the Department of Homeland Security now wants to "revisit those decisions on a 10-day clock, a notice period wholly insufficient to find a lawyer, translate documents or get records out of a country they were forced to flee due to conflict or persecution."

“在某些情况下,难民甚至可能在十天期满前都未收到通知,实际上剥夺了他们唯一的回应机会,” 她补充道。“如果政府终止的理由确实充分,它就有能力给予人们一个有意义的机会来提出质疑。”

"In some cases, refugees may not even receive the notice before their ten days are up, effectively eliminating their only chance to respond," she added. "If the government’s case for termination is truly strong, it can afford to give people a meaningful chance to challenge it."

难民援助组织HIAS也警告称,逃离暴力、迫害和流离失所的难民将面临被驱逐回可能遭受迫害和酷刑的国家的风险。

HIAS, a major refugee aid group, also warned that refugees who have fled violence, persecution and displacement will be at risk of being deported to countries where they could be subject to persecution and torture.

“他们试图颠覆难民安置代表永久保护这一核心原则,” HIAS副总裁娜奥米·斯坦伯格在一份声明中说。联邦法官阻止特朗普政府对移民处以最高180万美元的罚款特朗普政府对美国难民接纳计划进行了重大改革,大幅削减总体接纳人数,同时优先安置白人南非人。

"They are trying to upend the core principle that refugee resettlement represents permanent protection," HIAS Vice President Naomi Steinberg said in a statement. FEDERAL JUDGE BLOCKS TRUMP ADMINISTRATION FINES OF UP TO $1.8M FOR MIGRANTS The Trump administration has significantly overhauled the U.S. refugee admissions program, sharply restricting overall admissions while prioritizing the resettlement of white South Africans.

特朗普政府旨在“降低潜在风险”,这些风险与被接纳为难民但不具备难民资格的人员有关。(Kevin Carter/Getty Images)The Trump administration is aiming to "mitigate potential risks" linked to people who were admitted as refugees but were not eligible for refugee status. (Kevin Carter/Getty Images)

上个月,特朗普政府将2027财年的难民接纳上限设定为17,500人,其中大部分名额分配给了南非的阿非利卡人——这一主要为白人的民族群体。

Last month, the Trump administration established a ceiling of 17,500 refugee admissions for fiscal year 2027, with most slots allocated to Afrikaners, a predominantly white ethnic group in South Africa.

在特朗普第一个任期内,唐纳德·特朗普总统每年批准的难民人数有所减少。拜登政府扭转了这一趋势,将2025财年的难民接纳上限设定为125,000人。

During his first term, President Donald Trump reduced the number of refugees approved every year. The Biden administration reversed that trend, setting a refugee admissions ceiling of 125,000 for fiscal year 2025.

2025年1月,特朗普重返白宫后,立即暂停了难民项目,导致原定前往美国的全球各地人员被困。随后政府重新开放了该项目,但主要仅限于白人南非人。

When Trump returned to the White House in January 2025, he immediately suspended the refugee program, stranding people around the world who had been set to come to the U.S. The administration later reopened the program but limited it mostly to white South Africans.