华盛顿——美国货币监理局（OCC）今天发布了其监督报告，该报告总结了其对九家受其监管的最大型银行的银行服务拒绝行为的审查结果。这九家银行包括：摩根大通银行（JPMorgan Chase Bank）、美国银行（Bank of America）、花旗银行（Citibank）、富国银行（Wells Fargo Bank）、美国银行（U.S. Bank）、Capital One银行、PNC银行（PNC Bank）、TD银行（TD Bank）和BMO银行（BMO Bank）。
WASHINGTON—The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) today released a report of its findings from its supervisory review of debanking activities at the nine largest national banks it supervises: JPMorgan Chase Bank, Bank of America, Citibank, Wells Fargo Bank, U.S. Bank, Capital One, PNC Bank, TD Bank, and BMO Bank.
美国货币监理局根据总统的行政命令“确保所有美国人都能公平地获得银行服务”开展此次监督审查，旨在查明这些银行的政策或做法是否曾因客户的政治或宗教信仰，或其合法商业活动，而要求或鼓励银行拒绝或限制向客户提供金融服务。审查结果显示，在2020年至2025年9月期间，这九家银行均存在此类政策。
The OCC conducted its supervisory review in accordance with the President’s Executive Order, “Guaranteeing Fair Access to Banking for All Americans,” to determine whether these banks’ policies or practices may have required, encouraged, or otherwise influenced banks to deny or limit access to financial services to Americans because of their political or religious beliefs or lawful business activities. The OCC’s findings show that, between 2020 and September 2025, all nine banks had such policies.
“今天的报告提供了无可辩驳的证据，证明该国最大的几家银行拒绝为某些客户和合法企业提供金融服务，甚至故意拒绝为他们开户，并对这些客户和企业的服务进行歧视，”美国货币监理局局长乔纳森·V·古尔德（Jonathan V. Gould）表示。“无论美国人的信仰、所属团体或政治观点如何，他们都应能够获得金融服务。公平地获得金融服务并非一句空洞的口号，而是一项必须履行的法律义务。特朗普政府决心彻底终结将金融工具用于对付辛勤工作的美国公民的行为。”
“Today’s report provides irrefutable evidence that the nation’s largest banks have denied, debanked and discriminated against customers and lawful businesses,” said Comptroller of the Currency Jonathan V. Gould. “Americans should have access to financial services regardless of their beliefs, affiliations, or political views. Fair access to financial services is not a mantra—it is a mandate. The Trump Administration is committed to ending the weaponization of finance against hardworking Americans, once and for all.”
在报告中，美国货币监理局发现，这些银行所制定的声誉风险管理政策缺乏明确的标准和基于风险的客观评估机制，因此根据客户的政治、宗教或社会观点，或是他们的合法商业活动，对这些客户进行了不公平的对待。此外，这些银行还制定了公开或非公开的政策，限制某些行业获得金融服务，这些行业包括石油和天然气勘探、煤炭开采或燃煤发电厂、枪支或弹药的生产与销售、拘留设施的建设和运营、烟草或电子香烟的制造、分销或在线零售，以及数字资产相关业务。
In the report, the OCC found that broad reputation risk policies—which lacked clear standards and objective, risk-based criteria—disadvantaged certain Americans based on their political, religious, or social views or based on their lawful business activities. The OCC also found that banks maintained public and nonpublic policies restricting certain industry sectors’ access to financial services, including those in oil and gas exploration, coal mining or coal-powered plants, firearms or ammunition manufacturing or distribution, construction or operation of detention facilities, the manufacturing, distribution or online retail of tobacco or e-cigarettes, and digital asset activities.
在编写这份报告的过程中，美国货币监理局审查了近10万份针对受其监管机构的投诉，并从这些银行收到了约5万份文件，总页数达42万页，这些文件详细记录了这些银行的各项政策、操作流程以及针对个别客户的决策情况。
In preparing the report, the OCC reviewed nearly 100,000 complaints to OCC-regulated institutions and received approximately 50,000 documents consisting of approximately 420,000 pages from these banks regarding their policies, procedures, practices, and individual customer decisions.
美国货币监理署（OCC）最初于2025年9月宣布将对资产规模最大的九家银行进行审查，并在同年12月发布了初步调查结果。今天的报告是该机构为解决银行排斥客户问题、促进金融服务的公平获取而采取的最新举措。此前，OCC还采取了其他措施，例如：在银行监管过程中不再将“声誉风险”作为评估因素；在审批银行执照申请及进行某些监管检查时，明确禁止银行基于不当行为排斥客户；同时改进了投诉受理与审查流程。
The OCC first announced this review of its nine largest banks by asset size in September 2025 and issued preliminary findings in December 2025. Today’s report is the latest action by the OCC to address debanking and promote fair access. Other OCC actions include eliminating considerations of reputation risk in bank examinations, clarifying the OCC’s consideration of improper debanking in assessing licensing applications and during certain examinations, and improving the OCC’s complaint intake and review processes.
美国货币监理署为推动金融服务公平获取、以及促进银行决策的客观性和基于风险的决策机制而开展的工作仍在持续进行中。该机构正在考虑进一步调整针对大型银行的监管框架，以防止银行因客户的政治或宗教信仰而歧视他们，并着力解决“声誉风险”在银行决策过程中所扮演的负面角色。
The OCC’s broader work to promote fair access to financial services and advance objective and risk-based banking decisions remains ongoing. The OCC is considering actions to prevent banks from discriminating against customers or prospective customers on the basis of their political or religious beliefs and to address the problematic role of reputation risk in bank decision-making.
“尽管这些大型银行已经采取了一些措施来规范自身行为，但我仍不确定这些措施是否足以解决问题，”美国货币监理署署长古尔德（Gould）表示。“因此，我们将继续评估对相关监管框架的进一步调整，以降低此类有害行为在未来再次发生的可能性。”相关文件：
美国货币监理署报告：《确保所有美国人都能获得公平的金融服务》（PDF格式）
"Notwithstanding certain efforts by the largest banks to rein in these practices, I am not confident that they will be enough," Comptroller Gould said. "Accordingly, the OCC will be assessing further changes to the regulatory and supervisory framework applicable to the largest banks to reduce the likelihood of these harmful practices recurring in the future.”
新闻稿2025-123：美国货币监理署发布对大型银行排斥客户行为的初步调查结果
新闻稿2025-84：美国货币监理署宣布采取措施，推动联邦银行系统的去政治化媒体联系人：Rebecca Karabus电话：(202) 649-6870
OCC Report, Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans (PDF) News Release 2025-123: OCC Releases Preliminary Findings from Its Review of Large Banks’ Debanking Activities News Release 2025-84: OCC Announces Actions to Depoliticize the Federal Banking System Media Contact Rebecca Karabus (202) 649-6870