华盛顿讯——盖洛普年度联邦政府机构和部门评级中，五个内阁部门中有四个的评级不如一年前，其中多个创下新低。联邦政府机构的工作评级则参差不齐，包括环境保护署、联邦航空管理局（FAA）和联邦应急管理署（FEMA）在内的部分机构评级优于去年，而疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）则跌至新低。
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Four of the five Cabinet departments included in Gallup’s annual ratings of federal government agencies and departments are rated worse than they were a year ago, with several at new low points. Job ratings of federal government agencies are more mixed, with some, including the Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), rated better than last year and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) falling to a new low.
司法、国务、国防部评级创下盖洛普趋势新低 与去年相比，认为国防部（下降八个百分点至40%）、国务院（下降七个百分点至27%）和国土安全部（下降六个百分点至36%）工作表现优秀或良好的美国人显著减少。司法部的评级略有下降，27%的人对其表现给予，而2025年为31%。
Justice, State, Defense Ratings Lowest in Gallup’s Trend Significantly fewer Americans than last year believe the Departments of Defense (down eight percentage points to 40%), State (down seven points to 27%) and Homeland Security (down six points to 36%) are doing an excellent or good job. Slightly fewer, 27%, compared with 31% in 2025, rate the Justice Department’s performance favorably.
国务院、司法部和国防部的评级目前均为盖洛普自2021年或2022年开始测量以来的最低水平。
Ratings of the State, Justice and Defense Departments are now the lowest Gallup has measured for each in readings dating back to 2021 or 2022.
国土安全部的评级在2024年曾更差，当时非法移民激增，32%的人对该部门的表现给予。2024年底和2025年非法越境人数骤降后，该部门的工作评级去年改善至42%。今年一些近期的移民执法行动导致人员死亡，可能促成了今年评级的下降。
Homeland Security was rated worse than now in 2024, when 32% rated the department’s performance positively after a surge in illegal immigration. After illegal border crossings plummeted in late 2024 and 2025, the department’s job rating improved to 42% last year. Some recent immigration enforcement encounters have turned deadly, likely contributing to this year’s lower rating.
与四个评级下降的内阁部门形成对比的是，退伍军人事务部（VA）的评级有所改善，目前有31%的人给予，较25%上升。
In contrast to the four Cabinet departments experiencing declining ratings, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has seen an improvement, now rated positively by 31%, up from 25%.
这些结果来自盖洛普年度治理民调，该民调于9月1日至17日进行，要求美国人对五个联邦内阁部门和12个政府机构的工作表现进行评级。
These results are from Gallup’s annual Governance poll, conducted Sept. 1-17, which asks Americans to rate the job performance of five federal Cabinet departments and 12 government agencies.
在五个内阁部门中，四个部门的“差”评高于“优秀/良好”评。司法部的比例最高，48%的美国成年人表示其工作表现差，比其优秀/良好评价高出21个百分点。国防部是唯一的例外，将其评为差的比例（38%）与评为优秀或良好的比例（40%）大致相同。
Of the five Cabinet departments, four receive higher “poor” than “excellent/good” ratings. The Justice Department has the highest percentage of negative ratings, with 48% of U.S. adults saying it is doing a poor job, 21 points higher than its excellent/good rating. The Defense Department is the only exception, with roughly equal shares rating it poor (38%) and excellent or good (40%).
在共和党总统执政下，这符合预期：包括倾向共和党的独立人士在内的共和党人，对五个内阁部门的评价比民主党及倾向民主党的独立人士更为积极。然而，共和党人对国土安全部（62%为优秀或良好）和国防部（65%）的评价，比对司法部（49%）、国务院（45%）和退伍军人事务部（40%）的评价更为积极。民主党对任何内阁部门的均不超过24%，其中对司法部的最低，为11%。
As would be expected under a Republican presidential administration, Republicans, including Republican-leaning independents, are more positive than Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents toward the five Cabinet departments. However, Republicans rate Homeland Security (62% excellent or good) and Defense (65%) more positively than they rate Justice (49%), State (45%) and Veterans Affairs (40%). No more than 24% of Democrats rate any of the Cabinets positively, with a low of 11% for the Justice Department.
党派对特定内阁部门的评价变化各不相同。共和党人对国土安全部和国防部的评价较去年显著下降，但对退伍军人事务部的评价有所改善，对司法部的看法则保持不变。民主党对国务院、国防部和司法部的评价略有下降，而对退伍军人事务部的评价略有上升。
Partisans’ ratings of specific Cabinet departments have changed in different ways. Republicans’ ratings of Homeland Security and Defense are down significantly from last year, but their opinions of Veterans Affairs are improved, and their views of the Justice Department are unchanged. Democrats’ ratings of State, Defense and Justice are modestly lower, while their ratings of Veterans Affairs are modestly higher.
FDA、CDC评价最低的联邦机构 在调查涵盖的12个联邦政府机构中，邮政局（58%）和美国宇航局（53%）获得的优秀/良好评价比例最高。食品药品监督管理局（25%）和疾病控制与预防中心（26%）的评价最低。
FDA, CDC Lowest-Rated Federal Agencies Of the 12 federal government agencies included in the survey, the Postal Service (58%) and NASA (53%) receive the highest percentages of excellent/good ratings. The Food and Drug Administration (25%) and CDC (26%) receive the lowest.
目前，只有美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）与美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）获得的“优秀/良好”评价比例低于其他联邦机构。这两个机构近期频频成为新闻焦点：CDC因试图修改长期沿用的疫苗接种指南而引发了美国多地麻疹疫情；FDA则因多州出现与生菜相关的环孢子虫感染事件而备受关注。盖洛普最新民调显示，民众对联邦政府保障食品安全能力的信心正在下降。
The FDA and CDC are the only two agencies that have higher poor ratings than excellent/good ratings. These agencies have been in the news recently — the CDC, in connection with measles outbreaks in the U.S. amid its attempts to change long-standing vaccine guidance, and the FDA, in its coverage of a major cyclospora outbreak linked to lettuce that sickened people in many states. Recent Gallup polling showed declining confidence in the federal government’s ability to ensure food safety.
目前，FDA与CDC所获得的“优秀/良好”评价比例均处于盖洛普有史以来的最低水平。不过，FDA 25%的“优秀/良好”评价率与去年的27%相比并无显著差异。与此同时，CDC获得的积极评价率较一年前下降了5个百分点，与2024年相比则下降了14个百分点。
Ratings of the FDA and CDC are currently the lowest Gallup has measured for each, although the 25% excellent/good rating of the FDA is statistically similar to last year’s 27% figure. Positive job ratings of the CDC are down five points from a year ago and 14 points from 2024.
在新冠疫情爆发前，CDC曾是民众评价最高的联邦机构之一；然而其“优秀/良好”评价率从2019年的64%骤降至2021年的40%。2014年埃博拉病毒疫情爆发期间，CDC的评价率也曾出现下滑，但随后其公众形象迅速恢复。
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC was among the most positively viewed federal agencies, but its ratings fell from 64% excellent/good in 2019 to 40% in 2021. The CDC also saw a dip in its ratings in 2014, amid the Ebola virus outbreak; however, its public image quickly rebounded.
历史上，FDA的民众评价率一直低于CDC；在2017年的一项调查中，其“优秀/良好”评价率仅为46%。
The FDA has historically been rated lower than the CDC, reaching only 46% in a 2017 survey.
今年，民主党人对CDC的评价率下降了14个百分点。此前在2025年特朗普政府上台、卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪推行一系列重大改革后，该比例已下降了31个百分点。实际上，在2025年之前，即便是在新冠疫情期间，民主党人对CDC的评价也一直较为积极。
Democrats’ rating of the CDC has dropped 14 points this year, following a 31-point decline in 2025, when the Trump administration took office and Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. began making sweeping changes. Prior to 2025, Democrats’ job rating of the CDC had been quite positive, even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
相比之下，共和党人对CDC的评价率则有所回升：该比例在疫情期间从2019年的70%骤降至2021年的16%，如今已由2024年的19%升至32%。
In contrast, Republicans’ ratings of the CDC, which plummeted during the pandemic from 70% positive in 2019 to 16% in 2021, have improved from 19% in 2024 to 32% today.
共和党人对FDA的评价也比民主党人更为积极，分别为36%和18%。共和党人的评分从2024年的23%有所提升，而民主党人的评分则从47%下降。2009年至2017年间，民主党和共和党对FDA的评价大致相同，但自2019年以来，与现任总统所属党派一致的党派子群体对其的评价始终显著更为积极。
Republicans also evaluate the FDA more positively than Democrats do, 36% to 18%. Republicans’ ratings have improved from 23% in 2024, while Democrats’ have fallen from 47%. Between 2009 and 2017, Democrats and Republicans rated the FDA about equally, but since 2019, the party subgroup aligned with the incumbent president has always rated it significantly more favorably.
除了CDC和FDA之外，FBI的优秀/良好评分为35%，是盖洛普对其测得的最低评分，尽管与去年的36%相比差异不大。
In addition to the CDC and FDA, the FBI’s excellent/good rating of 35% is the lowest Gallup has measured for it, though not meaningfully different from last year’s 36%.
三个机构的评分优于2025年 并非调查中包含的所有机构或部门现在的评价都比2025年差。事实上，联邦应急管理局（FEMA）、环境保护局（EPA）和联邦航空管理局（FAA）的评分都比一年前显著更为积极，每个机构都上升了八到九个百分点。NASA的评分比一年前上升了五个百分点。
Three Agencies Rated Better Than in 2025 Not all agencies or departments included in the survey are viewed worse now than in 2025. In fact, ratings of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are significantly more positive than a year ago, each increasing by eight or nine percentage points. Ratings of NASA are five points more positive than a year ago.
EPA的评分基本回到了去年下降前的水平，NASA的评分则回到了2023年的水平。这两个机构在过去都曾获得过更积极的评价。NASA的评分曾在1998年达到76%的高点，当时约翰·格伦在77岁高龄乘坐航天飞机执行任务返回，该机构也开始着手建设国际空间站。直到2021年，其评分仍为60%。EPA在2009年至2019年间的积极评价在41%至46%之间。
The EPA’s ratings are essentially back to where they were before dipping last year, and NASA’s are back to where they were in 2023. Both agencies have been rated more positively in the past. NASA’s ratings reached as high as 76% in 1998, after John Glenn returned from a space shuttle mission at age 77 and the agency began work on the International Space Station. As recently as 2021, it was at 60%. The EPA had positive ratings ranging from 41% to 46% between 2009 and 2019.
这是对FAA的第二次评估，而去年的读数是在华盛顿特区里根国家机场附近一架军用直升机与一架商用飞机发生致命坠机事故几个月后得出的。
This is only the second measure of the FAA, and last year’s reading came in the months after a deadly crash between a military helicopter and commercial airplane near Reagan National Airport in Washington, D.C.
FEMA的评分也可能出现回升迹象，此前其评分从2024年9月初的46%下降到去年的26%，原因是联邦政府对2024年9月下旬发生在北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔地区洪灾的应对措施受到批评。
FEMA’s ratings may also be showing signs of recovery after dropping from 46% in early September 2024 to 26% last year, following criticism of the federal government’s response to flooding in the Asheville, North Carolina, area that occurred in late September 2024.
共和党人对联邦紧急事务管理局、联邦航空管理局和环境保护局的上升了12至14个百分点，而民主党人的涨幅相对温和，仅为两到四个百分点。
Positive ratings of FEMA, the FAA and the EPA have risen by 12 to 14 points among Republicans, compared with more modest gains of two to four points among Democrats.
共和党人对另外两个机构——联邦储备委员会和邮政局——的评价各上升了16个百分点，但这些涨幅在很大程度上被民主党人八个百分点的下降所抵消。
Republicans’ ratings of two other agencies — the Federal Reserve and Postal Service — have risen sharply by 16 points each, but these gains have been offset to a large degree by eight-point declines among Democrats.
底线：美国人对联邦政府关键部门和机构的评价今年呈现出混合态势，一些部门——主要是内阁部门——的评价不如一年前，一些评价有所提升，另一些则保持不变。
Bottom Line Americans’ evaluations of key federal government departments and agencies show a mixed pattern this year, with some — primarily Cabinet departments — rated worse than a year ago, some showing improved ratings and others unchanged.
美国人对这些联邦政府组织的看法似乎受到各自近期活动新闻报道的影响。那些在应对其职责范围内的事件方面遇到困难，或采取了有争议行动的部门和机构，其评价有所下降。
Americans’ views of these federal government organizations appear to be affected by news coverage of each one’s recent activities. Ratings have declined for departments and agencies that have struggled to respond to incidents within their purview or have taken controversial actions.
这些评价在一定程度上也受到美国人党派立场的影响，共和党人普遍比民主党人更看好由共和党主导的政府部门的行动。
These ratings are also influenced to a certain degree by Americans’ partisanship, with Republicans generally viewing the actions of Republican-led government departments more favorably than Democrats do.
在某些情况下，新闻事件的影响可能超越党派立场，这一点体现在：共和党人今年对国防部的评价较低，因为美国政府正在伊朗打一场持久战争；同时，在有争议的驱逐出境措施背景下，共和党人对国土安全部的评价也较低。
In some cases, the effects of news events may transcend partisanship, as evidenced by Republicans’ lower ratings this year of the Department of Defense, as the government wages an extended war in Iran, and of the Department of Homeland Security amid controversial deportation measures.
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